Short video: Shocking the world

【"Liu Chan not only has political wisdom, but also good personal morality. After he ascended the throne, in line with the corrupt tradition of emperors since ancient times, he also wanted to expand his harem, but was directly rejected by Dong Yun, one of the four prime ministers."】

【"The reason is that Yun thought that in ancient times, the number of concubines of the emperor was no more than twelve, and now there are already concubines, it is not appropriate to increase, and he refused to listen."】

【"As an emperor, there are only twelve people in the harem, and new people are allowed to enter only after someone dies. But even so, Liu Chan was still obedient, and he did not break the rules until Dong Yun died."】

【"There are only a handful of emperors in history who can do this. Liu Chan's biggest black spot is that he surrendered without a fight and was happy and did not miss Shu."】

【"But all this was turned upside down because a secret letter from Jiang Wei was discovered. There were only 23 words in the letter: May Your Majesty endure the humiliation for a few days. I want to make the country safe again and the sun and moon bright again."】

【"At this moment, Liu Chan was no longer living a life of shame, but enduring humiliation, and Jiang Wei also He is no longer a traitor, but a model of loyalty. ”]

[“Jiang Wei wanted to persuade Zhong Hui to rebel, get rid of the powerful minister Sima Zhao, and support Cao Wei. As long as he succeeded, he could take the opportunity to revive Shu Han. ”]

[“But man proposes, God disposes. In the end, he failed and Jiang Wei committed suicide. ”]

[“A secret letter from an old minister could be kept by Liu Chan for decades, which is enough to show his character. ”]

[“If you only read the Three Kingdoms, you will think that Liu Chan is just so-so, because Cao Cao, Liu Bei, and Sun Quan were too dazzling, but after Sun Quan's death, the power of Wu was controlled by the minister Sun Jun. After Cao Cao's death, the Sima family directly shit and pissed on the emperor's head, and the oath of Luoshui became a joke. Only in Shu Han, after Liu Bei's death, Liu Chan was able to sit on the throne for forty years, and forcibly extended the life of the broken Shu Han, reconciled the internal struggles between civil and military officials, and the people were able to recuperate. Just based on this, he can also be ranked in the upper reaches among the emperors. "】

［Some people actually praise Liu Chan!］

［After all, he has been an emperor for decades, so he should have some brains.］

［In fact, Liu Chan had a hard time. He only had Yizhou, a state, few soldiers and generals, and fewer and fewer talents.］

［Liu Chan was so smart, maybe someone was pointing out, or Zhuge Liang left him a secret plan. ］

"Liu Chan in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms is not like this?"

"The meaning of the Romance is false! You don't take the Romance as official history, do you?"

"People in later generations are right. Liu Chan has been the emperor for decades. How could he not have any brains?"

People who know Liu Chan through the Romance of the Three Kingdoms have a new understanding of this emperor of the Later Han Dynasty after watching the video played on the sky screen.

Liu Bei: My son has the talent of a wise ruler! After all, I failed to give him a complete world.

…

[Emphasis on agriculture and suppression of commerce, the contradiction between taxation and commercial development #Ming Dynasty #Finance]

"It's the Ming Dynasty again!"

"Isn't it normal to emphasize agriculture and suppress commerce?"

["Looking back at the history of the late Ming Dynasty, there are tyrannical tortures and brutal killings everywhere. Soldiers killed people, Li Zicheng killed people, Zhang Xianzhong killed people, and the Qing Dynasty killed people, killing people, killing people, killing people, killing people all over China."]

Seeing this, the people in the late Ming Dynasty and other troubled times felt sad.

【“And the source of all this is just the collapse of the national finances.”】

“Is the Ministry of Revenue out of money?”

“Once a country has no money, it is not far from extinction!”

【“The Ming Dynasty was founded in 1368. The first major event of the Ming Dynasty was to stabilize the finances, consolidate the financial resources, and start collecting taxes from the whole country, mainly agricultural taxes.”

【“Take the financial data of the sixth year of Wanli as an example. The total national fiscal revenue that year was 26.527 million taels, of which agricultural taxes accounted for 20.802 million taels, industrial and commercial taxes accounted for 2.238 million taels, and miscellaneous income accounted for 3.487 million taels. Agricultural taxes are the most important to the country, accounting for 78.4% of the total national revenue.”

【“Now anyone who has received a little education understands. Life in agriculture is hard, risky, and not profitable. To collect taxes, you have to revitalize industry and commerce, and find him The fundamental thing is to collect taxes. In the sixth year of Wanli, industrial and commercial taxes accounted for only 10.7% of the national tax revenue. In the early years of Chongzhen, the proportion of agricultural taxes rose to 81%, and industrial and commercial taxes still accounted for only 12%. "】

【"Why did the Ming Dynasty collect so little industrial and commercial taxes?"】

【"The problem originated from Zhu Yuanzhang."】

【"Zhu Yuanzhang emphasized agriculture and suppressed commerce. Any peasants who left their hometowns and did not farm and went to do business were regarded as idle vagrants. The government must catch them back to continue farming. He also strictly prohibited overseas trade and changed trade to a tribute system. "】

【"This tribute system is a bit like poor relatives like Japan, Zhenla, Ryukyu, and Annan coming to the rich to ask for food. They bring a watermelon to the door, and we have to return them a cart of grapes. It is a loss-making business. "】

A certain emperor smiled and said: "The future generationsPeople don't see far enough. We are the Celestial Empire, and the surrounding small countries come to pay tribute, so naturally we have to reward them with some good things. "

【"In order to suppress more people from doing business, Zhu Yuanzhang also stipulated that the social hierarchy sequence is scholars, farmers, merchants and artisans, and merchants are normal society. The descendants of the lower class are not allowed to take the imperial examination. "】

【"In 1381, it was ordered that peasant families could wear silk and gauze, and merchants' families could only wear silk and cloth, but if one person in a peasant family was engaged in business, the whole family was not allowed to wear silk and gauze. "】

【"Zhu Yuanzhang did not blindly suppress merchants, he also took measures to facilitate business operations. Overall, the reason for emphasizing agriculture and suppressing commerce was that too many people died in the founding war, the country had too much land to be reclaimed, and there was no energy to deal with the Japanese invasion along the coast. "】

【"Under the circumstances at the time, restoring production was above all else, and there was no problem with emphasizing agriculture and suppressing commerce. Some historical materials say that because the suppression of merchants was too severe, in order to compensate them, Zhu Yuanzhang did not collect taxes from merchants. This statement is wrong. ”】

【“Zhu Yuanzhang did collect business taxes, but he said it lightly, not to compensate merchants, but because he was afraid that heavy taxes would lead to high commodity prices and increase the burden on the people.”】

【“In 1369, the Ming Dynasty stipulated that commodity transactions must be taxed.”】

【“In 1364, Xuankesi was established and Tongkesi was established in Fuzhou County, which were specifically responsible for collecting business taxes. In 1362, the business tax was 15% tax. ”】

【“Two years later, Zhu Yuanzhang thought that too many books affected prices and the people could not afford it, so he changed it to 30% tax, and some daily necessities were simply exempted from tax.”】

【“All of Zhu Yuanzhang’s measures were in line with the productivity at the time. They were aimed at expanding the peasant group, suppressing the merchant group, and preventing merchants with excessive mobility from occupying a dominant position in society.”】

Zhu Yuanzhang: That’s what I mean!

【“Zhu Yuanzhang was not wrong. The mistake was that when things changed, the later subjects of the Ming Dynasty still abided by the ancestral system and were unwilling to change. ”】

Seeing this, emperors and officials of all dynasties understood what Tianmu meant!

This passage means that the system established by Zhu Yuanzhang is no longer suitable for future generations.

Based on the experience of all dynasties, reform is needed at this time!

Some people's faces turned gloomy when they thought of reform.