super music master

For Schopenhua, in fact, Wu Ling didn't know much about it. After all, in the last life, he was just an ordinary person. Compared with those talented talents who could take "Historical Records" as a fairy tale, Wu Ling

Even if a horse is shooting a horse, you can't keep up with each other.

Coupled with the process of growing up, it has been influenced by some linked literature, and it is more difficult to put attention to the philosophers of Schopenhua.

What have you done and what amazing things.

But in this life, with the development of the head and the understanding of this world, he had his own opinions on those obscure books, but he read it a little bit.

Just like the current book of Schopenhauka, if it is a previous life, it is estimated that he just reads two. He is probably dizzy, but now it looks at it.

Only when I realized that Schopenhauer seems to be more than just accomplishment in philosophy. In many aspects, Schopenhauer also has his own point of view.

For example, aesthetics, he regards art as a possible way to relieve human existence. In the third part of "The World of Will as Will", he respects Plato. Here he discusses the positive significance of art and art.

He believes that art is an appearance beyond the law of sufficient reasons, so it can get rid of the aspirations of will everywhere. And the appearance of this art has similarities with the theory of Plato.

Plato's concept is to explain such a question: Some things are so similar in various things encountered, if not because of their individual surnames, they can hardly be distinguished.

In Plato's view, only the concept is eternal, and the experience world is constantly changing. Schopenhauer realizes that Plato's theory and Kant's self -body are different. Kant believes that knowledge is only recognizing the appearance.

It is not a comfortable thing. Plato believes that the experience of the knowledge is not the real object of recognition. Only ideas are meaningful.

Schopenhauer borrowed from the thoughts of both of them. Kant's auto cannot be fully recognized but can be directly recognized. The will as a freedom does not belong to time, space, and causal law, so it is not individualized.

The concept can be found in the objectized object of as will. Therefore, all art is a direct grasp of the concept, and it is a specific display of the concept.

The essence of time or space, so it has such an energy that can relieve human beings from the desire of never resting. Therefore, beauty has a high value. Artist as a genius can grasp the common part of the part of the phase.

The value of the phenomenon and will through the concept. The value of this ability is self -evident.

Schopenhauer believes that art has the essence of time, and music has the essence of super time and super space at the same time, so music is not only a copy of the concept, it is also closer to the will.

Higher value. For Schopen Hua, the world of music and appearance is almost parallel. But this beauty can only make people temporarily liberate from will, because this demand for beauty can only cause people

Go to the trap of its own own, so it still has a certain limited name

Not only aesthetics, but Schopenhua has his own views in many aspects. For example, Human Lun. Schopenhauer believes that the motivation of human behavior can be divided into three types: I hope I am happy, I hope others are in pain, and I hope others are happy. He will have these three motivations.

They are summarized as self -interest, vicious, sympathy, in which the driving force for self -interest and viciousness is the driving force of non -morality. Only sympathy is a real moral behavior.

Schopenhauer believes that many superficial moral behaviors are made for self -interest. The two most important reasons are personal reputation and legal norms.

The intention of the intention, hoping that you can get the respect of others and cause psychological satisfaction. The moral behavior forced by legal norms is to avoid legal punishment and be exempted from their own losses.

There is no real moral significance. For the extreme form of this purpose: everything is mine, no one else. The vulgar situation based on this reason is often seen.

As well as the extreme immoral behavior developed by comfort and other requirements.

The second kind of non -moral motivation is vicious. Its purpose is to want others to suffer. Schopenhauer believes that viciousness is ubiquitous, but generally its degree is mild, generally manifested as indifference and disgusting between people and people.

. Human beings use politeness and cleverness to cover up this motivation, so the malicious injuries and rumors behind it are quite common. The two vicious roots are jealousy and disaster. Jealousy is the humble surname that cannot get rid of the raw tools.

是受到敬佩和感动的.而幸灾乐祸可以说是恶毒的普遍现身,叔本华认为没有比幸灾乐祸在道德上更一无是处的了.出于恶毒的极端形式是:尽其所能地伤害别人,一切

The cruel behavior is just the act of giving the disaster and disaster. Schopenhauer believes that all non -moral behaviors can be derived from the above two motivations.

Schopenhauer believes that the real morality is very rare, and the real morals are all in the middle. He said that people will respect those moral behaviors.

Say: People do not compare people who are happy to have the same sense, but will only compare our unfortunate people feel the same. That is, our direct sense is limited to the pain of others, not ease. Therefore, sympathy is essentially painful to others.

Empathy, that is, treat others with yourself as one. From sympathy, to noble and selfless, generous, all the praise vocabulary for virtue is out of this without anything else.

Schopenhauer's basic principle of LUN Confucianism from sympathy is: without hurting others, try to help everyone. The corresponding two basic virtues of their corresponding virtues are fair and benevolent love.

The pain forced yourself not to hurt others at least. And benevolence shows a positive role of sympathy. It is one level higher than justice, that is, seeing the pain of others, as if you suffer, so that you can help everyone. Uncle.

Benhua believes that both are extremely rare, but they do exist. Even people without morality cannot deny justice and benevolence.

Because the motivation of all behaviors is due to self -interest, viciousness, and sympathy, the morality of a person can be regarded as the proportion of these three in his surname. The greater the proportion of sympathy in these three, the greater the proportion of these three.

Then the higher the morality of a person.

Schopenhauer believes that the proportion of these three cannot be changed in a person's surname. His argument on this view is from the general attitude of human beings. For a bad person who made faults in the past, people will never have him to him.

The attitude of trust; a person who is considered a good person can always be trusted by people no matter what the wrong things do; when attacking each other, they attack the surnames of others instead of the incident itself, because the surname is considered to be something that cannot be changed.

For example, it is often said: Jiangshan is easy to change, and the surname is difficult to move. Schopenhauer believes that everything is essential and then play, so all behaviors are from personal freedom. It is absolutely impossible.

Schopenhauer believes that for the moral foundation, that is, the origin of sympathy is the most difficult problem. Because the essence of sympathy is the feeling of pain in the pain of others, that is, people think that there is no difference. In fact, there is no difference.

Come, there is an absolute difference between others and self. This is the fundamental difference between them and those who are compassionate.

It is also the cornerstone of morality. Going away is to realize the unlimited surnames between all things. Here are Schopenhauer's demonstration of moral origin.

There is something in common.

Not to mention that you must agree with all your views, but in Schopenhauer's point of view, Wu Ling has a little agreeing with Schopenhauer's view of reading.

Schopenhauer's most opposed to death reading, those who read dead books. He thinks that reading must be considered. If you do n’t think about it, you only read it blindly. Like those who are walking in a car with horses and walking, you will lose your ability to think.

. He said: There are many scholars that are so stupid because of too many reading. Frequent reading, a little free to read books. This approach is easier to paralyze by hand.

In our own thoughts, we know that the oppression of a spring as long as a long time will lose the surname, and our spirit is the same. If it is often under pressure from others, it will lose its surname.

It can nourish the body, but if you eat too much, it will hurt the stomach and even the whole body; if there are too many "spiritual food", it is not beneficial and harmful.

In contrast. There are many reading, and your mind is like a dense piece, overlapping, applying the blackboard that is applied and applying. Reading without thinking, you will never have experience.

Will forget to lose.

Moreover, the thought recorded on paper is just like the footprint of a walking person on the sand. We may be able to see the path he has passed. If we want to know what he sees on the road, we must use our own ourselves

Eye.

Schopenhauer is not opposed to reading more books, but a person who is opposed to reading and thinking. Because Schopenhauer is good at reading and thinking, this melancholy philosophy genius writes the most important philosophical works of his life at the age of 30

"The World of Will and Concept", some of the later writing is the interpretation and extension of the viewpoint of this book. It should be said that as a philosopher, he completed his mission at the age of thirty.

Of course, as the core of Schopenhauer's thought, the most important thing is his pessimism.

Schopenhauer's pessimism is sometimes explained by the influence of his family factors. His father is irritable and melancholy. His mother is selfish and indifferent, but this is not discussed from his philosophical level.

Schopenhauer's metaphysical school is built on the two basic concepts: First, although the appearance and will are the same, and the world constitutes the world, the will determines the surname, and any appearance is only the objectiveness of the will; the second is that will always express the will forever.

For some kind of unsatisfactory and omnipotent desire. So the essence of the world is some kind of unsatisfactory desire, so logically, it can never be satisfied. So if the desire that cannot be satisfied is some kind of pain, then the world cannot get rid of it.

The essence of pain. People just try to satisfy their desires, but this satisfaction has more proof and showing their will itself. This is considered by Schopenhauer to be the most sad thing in the world.

Pie is still pessimistic and cannot get rid of the fundamental pain. Lotte faction is just a avoidance of reality. It is the illusion caused by self -deception. Therefore

Controversial pessimism itself.

Schopenhauer's argument sometimes makes him considered nihilism, but in fact Schopenhauer believes that life has some meaning. Although it is a negative meaning. Although the will itself cannot escape, the will itself itself is itself itself

It reflects a certain meaning. In the fourth part of the book "The World of Will and Appearance", Schopenhak provides a possibility of finding hope in an abstinence. He thinks that people are only getting rid of a strong

** When impulse can we get its fundamental freedom. Only by breaking the control of the will to the behavior itself can I get some kind of happiness. But Schopenhauer emphasizes this way of abstinence.

Then, then

The most interesting thing is that Schopenhauer, who is committed to suicide, turned out to be a person who opposed suicide. Schopenhauer did not agree with suicide, because suicide behavior affirmed the manifestation of the will itself. At the same time, he also thought that death was not bad.

Things, his argument is based on his metaphysics, that is, all things must have the reason for its generation. He believes that people's biggest fear of death is that they cannot imagine such a fact: I died, but this world is still running, and this is still running.

The error of the point of view is that people think that death represents their own appearances. Schopenhauer believes that the birth and death of human beings have their inherent reasons, and the changes in everything are between the appearance.

Come, so it is not an indifferent state. Similarly, death is not attributed to nothing, but only exists in the appearance world in another state.