Super technology leader

As the "sole superpower" among a multi-superpower world, especially with the current unclear situation on Mars, the United States did not immediately react strongly to Tang Chao's speech.

Of course, it may also be because there wasn't enough time. Dealing with Tang Chao and the Heavenly Xia behind him requires a thorough plan, not a spur-of-the-moment decision.

However, they didn't do nothing. They immediately had the President's Office issue a statement, declaring that the United States was completely trustworthy, that they were doing well, and that they had made many contributions to the world.

Finally, they advised certain people not to smear the United States.

Given the current international… oh, no, the interstellar situation is complex, so they are temporarily prioritizing the overall situation, but they will reserve the right to sue.

This… can almost be seen as a compromise.

While there was an uproar outside, the afternoon session of the United Nations began.

In the remaining day and a half, they had to formulate an effective international law with sufficient binding force to guide contact with extraterrestrial civilizations.

Current human society has space laws, and quite a few of them.

Flying into space is a unique human dream.

To maintain this dream, humanity has specifically formulated some relevant laws, because when humans expand their scope of activities, they always need new self-restraints to avoid the disorder brought about by new freedoms.

To prevent humans from rushing into space like a group of winged wild boars and making a mess of this dream, humans must always set some constraints for themselves.

Since the launch of the world's first artificial Earth satellite, "Sputnik 1," the United Nations immediately paid attention and carried out relevant legislation.

First, the "Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space" was established as a special subordinate body of the United Nations General Assembly.

Then, the United Nations General Assembly passed Resolution 1962, which contained all the important features of international space law, laying the foundation for the final adoption of the outer space "Magna Carta"—the "Outer Space Treaty."

The full name of the "Outer Space Treaty" is like the title of a light novel, quite long. It is called the "Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies."

As the basis of international space law, and also known as the "Space Constitution," it basically stipulates the 10 basic principles that should be followed when engaging in space activities.

The first is the principle of common interest.

That is, the exploration and use of outer space should benefit all countries, regardless of their economic or scientific development.

The second is the principle of freedom of exploration and use.

Countries should freely explore and use outer space on an equal basis in accordance with international law, and have free access to all areas of celestial bodies.

The third is the principle of non-appropriation.

Countries shall not claim outer space as their own by claiming sovereignty, using, occupying, or in any other way.

The fourth is the principle of limiting militarization.

That is, countries cannot place or deploy nuclear weapons or any other weapons of mass destruction in Earth orbit or on celestial bodies.

The fifth is the principle of rescuing astronauts.

When astronauts have accidents, are in distress, or make emergency landings, countries should provide them with all possible assistance and return them to the launching country quickly and safely.

The sixth is the principle of national responsibility.

Countries shall bear international responsibility for their space activities, regardless of whether such activities are carried out by government departments or non-government departments.

The seventh is the principle of registration of outer space objects.

Any country engaged in space activities shall, to the greatest extent possible and practically feasible, notify the Secretary-General of the United Nations of the status, location, and results of the activities.

The eighth is the principle of jurisdiction and control over space objects.

That is, the state of registration of a space object launched into space retains jurisdiction and control over its objects in outer space.

The ninth is the principle of protecting the space environment.

Space activities should avoid harmful contamination of outer space and prevent the introduction of extraterrestrial matter from causing adverse changes to the Earth's environment.

The last one is the principle of international cooperation, that is, countries should carry out cooperation and mutual assistance in outer space activities.

Then, based on these principles, the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space has also formulated relevant "Rescue Agreements," "Liability Conventions," "Registration Conventions," and "Moon Agreements."

These are all abbreviations, and the full names are still light novel title-style word lengths.

In addition, there are the "Declaration of Legal Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space," "Principles Governing the Use by States of Artificial Earth Satellites for International Direct Television Broadcasting," "Principles Relating to Remote Sensing of the Earth from Outer Space," "Principles on the Use of Nuclear Power Sources in Outer Space," "Declaration on International Cooperation in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space for the Benefit and in the Interest of All States, Taking into Particular Account the Needs of Developing Countries," "Vienna Declaration on Space and Human Development," and so on.

But…

Among the above-mentioned space law treaties, only the "Outer Space Treaty" has been ratified by nearly a hundred countries and has received widespread support from the international community.

The remaining signatory countries have only dozens or a dozen, or even just a few.

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For example, the "Moon Agreement" is similar to the "Antarctic Treaty," which stipulates that there should be no pollution, no declaration of sovereignty, emphasis on equality, and that the results of research should be announced to all countries, etc.

That is, one is on Earth, and the other is next to Earth, and both are places that ordinary people cannot reach.

But even this "Moon Agreement" has only a dozen signatory countries.

To put it bluntly, none of the countries that have the ability to send probes to the moon have signed this treaty.

The "Outer Space Treaty" has enough signatory countries, and major countries with certain aerospace capabilities have also signed it, but what's the use of signing it? They still don't abide by it when they don't want to.

It calls on countries to carry out cooperation and mutual assistance in space activities, but due to interest relations, this provision is not well implemented.

It also restricts the militarization of space. Not to mention the research and launch of anti-satellite missiles, several countries are already playing with them.

In recent years, the United States has directly established a Space Force, which is even more blatant than launching anti-satellite missiles from Earth to strike satellites, making it clear that it does not take the "Outer Space Treaty" seriously.

International law has developed for a longer time than international space law and is more complete, but the United States can still bypass the United Nations and directly start a war against whomever it wants, simply because its own military power is too strong.

Space law is the same. The United Nations does not have strong strength, and even it does not have strong binding force. Its subordinate agency, the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, has even less binding force.

But relevant laws are still necessary.

When one party has an overwhelming advantage, it naturally does not need to care about space law, but when the two sides are evenly matched, or even when they are at a disadvantage, they begin to expect space law to work.

Especially now that it involves extraterrestrial civilizations, once it is confirmed that the probe is real, humans must consider the issue of contact with extraterrestrial civilizations.

At this time, no one wants to be left behind, and no one wants one party to monopolize the benefits, so relevant laws must be formulated.

Even if the role of relevant laws is limited, as long as the other party cannot openly use force to threaten the world and then monopolize alien benefits.

Just like the United Nations, although its role is not great, it still has some role. Otherwise, the United States' foreign wars would be even more unscrupulous.

Secret contact is definitely less efficient. Once other countries seize the opportunity, there will always be some opportunities to catch up.

Chapter 2 will be at 12 o'clock.