Taking stock of the difficulty of founding a country in the past dynasties, Daming is second?

"Wealth distribution redistribution?"

"Land annexation, most of the wealth."

Liu Bang muttered.

Zhang Liang mentioned before that two points are needed to solve these problems.

First, either make the pie bigger.

As long as the pie is divided enough, it is no problem for the nobles to occupy a little more.

But this is an impossible thing.

The best way to make a pie is to expand.

But expansion can't keep expanding.

When it is impossible to expand one day, the empire will immediately collapse.

Second, there is the redistribution of benefits.

If you distribute the bread to the people, then these problems can naturally be solved.

But this is tantamount to cutting the flesh of those nobles.

At that time, the world will definitely collapse like the new dynasty.

"Subroom."

"It really made you guess."

"This distribution of wealth is similar to what you said about the distribution of benefits."

Zhang Liang shook his head.

"Your Majesty, it's almost."

"Although he said about the same thing as me."

"But he proposed expanding productivity."

"It made me understand that sometimes expansion doesn't have to be external."

"Internally, actually, you can do it."

Expand inward?

Liu Bang was speechless.

How else to expand internally?

Zhang Liang continued.

"Your Majesty."

"The so-called internal expansion is actually development, more accurately improving productivity."

"If every farmer could now produce 100 pounds of grain a year."

"He needs to pay twenty pounds of taxes every year."

"But when productivity is increased, if a farmer can produce 150 pounds of grain."

"Then the imperial court can get thirty catties of grain."

"Both the imperial court and the people can get more resources."

"It's about expanding productivity."

Liu Bang sighed.

"Zifang, I understand what you said."

"But how difficult it is to increase grain production by two or three percent."

"Unrealistic, unrealistic."

......

The harvest of grain is basically fixed.

When the wind and rain are good, the harvest will be more.

But once there is a year of disaster, there will be no harvest.

Under normal circumstances, there will be no change in the grain harvest.

Zhang Liang said with a smile.

"Your Majesty, not so."

"There are three things to do to expand productivity."

"The first point is the amount of land."

"If everyone can multiply an acre of land07, then the harvest can naturally be a little more."

"The second point is population."

"If I have one percent more farmers in Dahan, the harvest will naturally be one percent."

Oh!

Liu Bang somewhat understood.

This Zhang Liang wants me to start with those big clans as soon as possible.

They hold a lot of land and a large population.

However, because it is an aristocracy, he pays very little tax.

In the long run, it is estimated that the treasury of the Great Han is empty, but they are rich flowing oil.

However, Han Xin went to do it.

It won't be long before those clans obediently cooperate.

If you don't cooperate, you are dead.

"And the third point?"

"Why don't you say this third point?"

Liu Bang saw that Zhang Liang wanted to say nothing.

So he asked curiously.

Zhang Liang sighed.

"Your Majesty, this third point is actually how to increase production on a single acre of land."

"Like me, the big man now only has dozens of catties of grain per acre."

"If we can make one acre of land produce a hundred pounds of grain."

"Then this productivity can be improved even more."

"But this, I don't know how to do it."

"Maybe there is such a way in future generations."

How difficult is it to increase grain production per mu?

Liu Bang also shook his head with a wry smile.

This third is actually the best way, there is no need to reform, everyone will benefit.

But it's too hard, and future generations may know.

......

"Subroom."

"Just now this list says financial reform?"

"Do you know what that means?"

Zhang Liang pondered for a while.

"Your Majesty, I don't quite understand."

"But it mentions gold, maybe it has something to do with silver money."

Silver money?

Liu Bang was stunned.

Isn't money money?

What else is there to reform here?

Don't talk about him, Zhang Liang is the same.

Even if he is wise, he does not understand what is so good about this money?

Land, population reform he can understand.

But this finance he did not understand at all.

"Wang Mang."

"You're really a crosser."

......

"Financial reform?"

"Father, do you know what this financial reform is?"

Liu Zhuang asked curiously.

"Finance?"

"Gold?"

"Could it be about money?"

Liu Xiu frowned and pondered for a while before saying.

"I don't know."

"He did a lot of things back then."

"If it's about money, it's what kind of loans he did back then."

"Merchants and artisans, as well as peasants who cultivated the land, were allowed to borrow money from the imperial court."

Yes?

Liu Zhuang was also stunned.

"What is the truth of this?"

"Why are those people allowed to borrow money from the imperial court?"

"What if those people aren't there yet?"

This is no joke.

What if those people borrowed money and ran away?

"Not only this loan?"

"He also uses a very weird set of treasure coins."

"It's completely different from gold, silver and copper money."

Liu Xiu also wondered.

There is gold and silver that you don't use, but what kind of treasure coinage?

Isn't this nothing to look for?

Anyway, he Liu Xiu couldn't understand Wang Mang's set at all.

"Father."

"Could it be that this is what Wang Mang called financial reform?"

Liu Xiu shook her head.

"I don't know."

"Let's see, the answer will be revealed soon."

......

A huge sound sounded in the sky again

[Wang Mang's life is full of legends. 】

[But his most legendary are the policies that were talked about a thousand years after his death.] 】

Among them, financial reform is the reason that has been talked about by later generations. 】

[In later generations, there was a group called financiers. 】

These people manage vast wealth and are among the most elite in the world. 】

[Wang Mang can even be said to be the grandfather of the world's financial industry. 】

[So what is finance, finance is living when wealth is circulating. 】

[The so-called gold, silver, copper money, and money issued by previous dynasties can be replaced by one word, that is, currency. 】

[Wang Mang, he originally made a treasure coin, the purpose was to replace copper coins. 】

[This treasure coin is a kind of coin made of iron. 】

[Its value is much worse than that of gold and silver.] 】

[Many people in later dynasties could not understand, how could Wang Mang use iron to replace gold and silver? 】

[This is completely impossible.] 】

[But if I say that the money of the hereafter did not have gold or silver, it was not copper. 】

[And it's just a piece of waste paper, how do you feel?] 】

......

"Impossible."

"How is waste paper used as gold and silver?

Da Tang.

Fang Xuanling couldn't believe it.

He is the prime minister of the Great Tang, and he is responsible for these things.

He couldn't believe that waste paper could also become gold and silver?

"Fang Xuanling"

"You calm down first."

"If the world dares to do this, there must be his reason."

Fang Xuanling said immediately.

"Your Majesty."

"Gold, silver, copper coins can circulate."

"It's because they have a lot of value in themselves."

"Only the people can approve."

"But how can waste paper replace copper money, gold and silver?"

"How can the people agree?"

This......

Li Shimin also hesitated.

Truly.

You take a piece of waste paper, who will sell you something. (Read violent novels, just go to Feilu Fiction Network!) ）

If you can't buy something, how can this waste paper replace gold and silver?

Why is this so weird.

"Let's see about this."

"I would like to know how this can replace gold and silver with waste paper?"

"There must be something we don't know."

Hearing this, Fang Xuanling did not say any more.

But his face was still in disbelief.

It is impossible to replace gold and silver with waste paper!

......

"Replace gold and silver with waste paper?"

"Big brother, do you think it's possible?"

Sima Yan glared at his younger brother fiercely.

You ask me, who do I ask?

"Second brother."

"Do you think it's possible?"

"If you want to replace gold and silver with waste paper, you must let the people of the world recognize it."

"However, this is an unrealistic thing."

"Gold and silver are the most primitive currencies that everyone recognizes."

"At most, you can replace it with copper money."

"That's also because copper money itself has value."

"It's just that in small transactions, gold and silver are not good to trade."

Sima Yu nodded.

Copper coins appeared entirely because gold and silver were used for large transactions.

For example, it is used when buying horses, cattle, houses and other items.

But buy a baked cake, some grain is traded with copper money.

This is more convenient.

Could it be said that future generations replaced copper money with waste paper?

But why should the common people accept it?

And waste paper is not easy to keep, everyone can produce it.

This kind of troublesome thing, how did later generations think of replacing copper money with this?

Don't understand.

......

Daming.

"Biao'er, do you think it is really possible to use paper money as copper and gold and silver in the future?"

"Once that big song did that kind of deal, it was produced with paper."

"But it didn't take long to fail too."

Others didn't understand paper money, but Lao Zhu did.

Because Da Song engaged in this thing, but it was scrapped in a few years.

Because the people don't approve of it.

The people do not recognize, you have no paper money.

"Father."

"It feels hard."

Zhu Biao also analyzed.

"Unless all future generations accept the replacement of gold and silver with paper money."

"Otherwise, it will definitely fail."

All the people accept paper money?

How does this work?

Zhu Yuanzhang shook his head and didn't think about it.

Watch it.

I would like to know how this paper money was recognized by the people?

......

In the sky, the sound continued to sound.

[I think many people may not understand, this waste paper is a substitute for gold and silver? ] 】

[Actually, it's very simple. 】

[Since we are talking about money, let's talk about the role of money in the beginning. 】

[In the tribal period, there was also the concept of money. 】

[At that time, people bartered. 】

[You exchange rice for my fish, and I exchange chicken for your duck.] 】

[Later, with the establishment of the Xia Dynasty, the rulers found that this transaction was not good and did not have a unified value, so they invented money. 】

[And that's what money does.] 】

[It is the only standard used to measure the value of goods. 】

[Later, with the development of time, knife money, gun money, sword money, etc. appeared. 】

[Finally, gold, silver and copper coins were derived.] 】

But no matter how these changes, they have not changed the essence of money. 】

[That is, he is still the only measure of goods.] 】

[During the Qin, Han and Tang dynasties, copper coins were the main currency in circulation, because copper production was large, while silver production was small. 】

However, in the Ming and Qing dynasties, due to the increase in the amount of silver, it has become the main currency in circulation. 】

[However, because of this, the purchasing power of silver has decreased rapidly. 】

[Previously, one silver could buy ten chickens, but later you could only buy two chickens. 】

[The same is silver, but why does purchasing power shrink so much?] 】

[The reason is that the amount of silver is increasing, but the total amount of goods is unchanged.] 】

[And this phenomenon, in later generations there is a term called inflation. 】

[And this also shows that your money is not worth anything.] 】

[This is also a term called devaluation in later generations.] 】

......

"Inflation?"

"Currency depreciation?"

"It seems to make sense."

Yang Jian looked at the sky and thought.

Although I don't understand it, it seems to make some sense.

"Yang Su, how much grain can my Dasui always buy with money now?"

Yang Su on the side said.

"Your Majesty."

"My Dasui has always had money to buy three chickens now."

Three chickens?

Yang Jian nodded.

But he still doesn't understand, has his currency depreciated?

Is there inflation in Dasui?

Listening to these nouns made his brain hurt.

"How could there be these terms in this afterlife?"

......

"This, there are still these things in the afterlife?"

327 Kublai Khan was also a little confused.

Inflation again, and currency depreciation?

"Grandpa."

"That's easy to understand."

"In troubled times, the value of that good rises."

"And in peacetime, the value of the goods decreases."

"In addition to the devaluation of the currency, it is that the production of that goods is less."

"At that time, the money was relatively devalued."

Temur on the side explained.

Kublai Khan nodded, somewhat understood.

"This means that depreciation and non-depreciation do not depend on the increase in the amount of silver."

"It is also possible that it depends on the reduction in the number of goods?"

"That's what you mean."

"Yes, Grandpa."

Temur said.

"It's just that I still don't understand what this has to do with Wang Mang's finance?"

Although he was of a foreign race, he was familiar with a large number of various texts

It's a good idea to see these things.

"Yes, it's good that you can think of this."

"My Dayuan can also be handed over to you with confidence."

Kublai Khan looked at the sky and sighed.

"Wang Mang, what does this have to do with you?"

......

[Since silver production has increased, why not control it?] 】

[The reason is that a lot of silver is not under the control of the imperial court. 】

[The shape of silver is the same.] 】

[Even if the imperial court makes a mark, it can be imitated. 】

[This has led to countless private silver entering the market.] 】

[The people could not tell which was the silver of the government and which was the silver of the private sector. 】

[After a long time, everyone found out why there was so much silver?] 】

[And this has led to the lower and lower value of silver.] 】

[The core problem is that the final right to sell the currency is not in the hands of the imperial court. 】

[And this is the reason why Wang Mang wants to carry out currency reform. 】

[He used treasure coins instead of gold and silver to prevent private silver from entering the market.] 】

[As long as the right to sell currency is in the hands of the imperial court, then the devaluation can no longer occur.] 】

[This is why he obviously has ready-made silver and gold that he does not use, but he has to engage in that treasure coin. ] 】

[When the people of the world recognize the treasure coin, everyone only uses the treasure coin. 】

[This also has a term in later generations, called national credit. 】

[When the national credit is established, then whether it is paper money or not, what does it matter?] 】

No matter what currency the country publishes, whether it is gold, silver, copper, iron, paper, it does not matter, what matters is that it represents the national credit. 】

[And what Wang Mang did is similar to this country's credit. 】

[In addition to this treasure coin, Wang Mang is the first person to create a historical loan. 】

[Next, I will introduce what a loan is.] 】

......

"It's complicated."

At this time, Ying Zheng felt that his brain was a little inadequate.

Inflation.

Currency depreciation.

National credit.

Also, what is this loan?

He was confused by all these complicated terms.

I can only sigh that a book is used when it hates less.

How complicated is this afterlife!.