The leisurely life of rebirth

Shock therapy has three steps: first, liberalizing prices, second, tightening fiscal and monetary policies, and third, large-scale privatization.

The first two bring about skyrocketing prices and currency depreciation.

The third is large-scale privatization. In the view of the new government, the reason why reform is full of dangers and crises is that state-owned enterprises are not market players, the competition mechanism does not work, and price reform is like building a tower in the sand.

, it will collapse suddenly.

For the reform of state-owned enterprises, the most trouble-free way is to privatize it. If the enterprise becomes an individual's, how can it not be done well? In order to speed up the progress of privatization, the government initially adopted the method of giving in return. Therefore, after expert evaluation, Russia's

The total value of state-owned property is 15 trillion rubles, and the population is exactly 1.5 billion. In the past, property belonged to everyone, but now it is distributed to individuals, and they have to be bullied by children and old people. Everyone has a share.

So every Russian received a 10,000 rubles privatization security, and could freely purchase shares based on the certificate. However, by the time privatization was officially launched, ten months had passed and times had changed. At this time, the 10,000 rubles were only enough to buy a pair of high-end

For leather shoes, privatization has become a fantasy and an idiot's dream.[

If this plan fails, another one is created. Since it cannot be given away, sell it at a low price. As a result, a large number of state-owned enterprises have fallen into the hands of the privileged class and the nouveau riche. What they care most about is not the long-term development of the enterprise, but to resell it for profit as soon as possible.

Employees neither receive dividends nor have the right to participate in decision-making. They work as monks for a day and work on the clock. The production and management personnel interfere, and the company's efficiency is deteriorating.

The Russian government has hesitantly implemented shock therapy. In addition to being eager to make great achievements, an important reason is to win the favor of "friendly countries" and obtain some benefits from Western developed countries. However, the countries that originally promised to provide assistance are now standing aside and paying lip service.

In fact, the US$24 billion package of loans has not yet been received, and the US$6 billion stabilizing ruble fund is even further off.

Russia regards shock therapy as a panacea, hoping to achieve it in one step and create a miracle of system transformation. However, the treatment plan for the small South American country Bolivia was not suitable for the European giant Russia. Russia does not have these conditions, but it insists on it.

After eating a fat man in one bite, the government came to play a big role in promoting self-regulation of the market. I thought I was sowing dragon seeds. But in the end, I was harvesting fleas.

The shock therapy, which was only implemented for a year, immediately failed, costing Russia a heavy price.

Shock therapy has mixed reputations. Some people think that it has created many "stealers of the country", while others think that it has at least enabled Russia to embark on the road of market economy. After shock therapy, the Russian patient has at least taken a step forward...

“Private ownership is inherently reasonable, government planning is absurd,” a view generally accepted by the newly formed Kremlin leadership, who envisioned the United States as a paragon of efficient capitalism and a country willing to help Russia develop.

Economy and gradually move towards a successful friendly country.

Based on this imagination, a weird logic naturally emerged: if Russia wants to become as rich as the United States, it must follow the advice of American diplomats and economists - if Russia becomes rich, then

Of course it's best. If the country is still suffering from poverty, it can only mean that the root of the problem is that the Russians have not taken the suggestions put forward by the West seriously enough.

This weird logic sounds funny, right? But after the collapse of the Soviet Union, from the late 1980s to the late 1990s, this logic was believed by almost every Russian.

However, in later generations, it seems that the effect of "shock therapy" is not good. However, such a major reform that affects the future and destiny of the entire country cannot be viewed in isolation. In the short term, it is like a surgical operation. Looking at the local area and the current situation, it is simply a mess: the skin has been cut open, the flesh has been cut open, so many metal instruments are in the cranial cavity, chest cavity, and abdominal cavity, and even organs have been removed; so much blood has been shed, and people are unconscious. If you don't wake up, there will be a period of time after which the person is like suffering in hell...! In short, it is miserable. But the root cause of the disease is removed, and after some time, the person stands up, recovers, and lives like a healthy person again !So, from a macro perspective, from an overall perspective, and from a historical perspective, was this operation a success or a failure?

From the perspective of later generations, whether shock therapy is good or not is just a technical issue. The most critical issue is: Russia has undergone transformation, and it has been a peaceful and non-violent transformation.

The biggest "evil consequence" of shock therapy is that "GP is almost reduced by half." However, all conscientious Chinese people in later generations know that GP is a fictitious GP and a bubble.

When Russia implemented shock therapy, it was able to provide comprehensive education, housing, land, medical care, elderly care, and free public transportation to its citizens in the process of reform and transformation. Therefore, there was no major chaos in Russia. Shock therapy No matter how bad it is, apart from missing the numbers on the gp bubble, I really can’t think of anything bad about it.

Any country will inevitably experience some degree of chaos during the process of system transition and the replacement of old and new societies. The only difference is the duration and degree of chaos. Generally speaking, the more backward and stubborn the old social form is, the more stubborn it will be during transformation. The more difficult it is, the longer the alternation process is, the longer the chaos lasts, and the deeper the degree of chaos.

No matter how confusing it is, this is Ye Laosi's opportunity. He is in the center and can see it more intuitively and clearly.

Break and then stand! Nirvana and rebirth!

The fat man waved his hand in front of Fang Monan's eyes, "What are you thinking about!"

Fang Monan came back to her senses, "Oh! Nothing?" She raised her eyes and looked at Cheng Shigui and said, "What were you talking to Diao Rong and Allen on the phone?"

"Let Diao Rong pay close attention to Europe's foreign exchange and bond markets." Cheng Shigui sat up straight, folded his hands on his legs and said slowly. "Today's European continent, a new revolution is going on vigorously. Since then, The European Community, which was being built step by step after World War II, was seeking a closer cohesion. The European Community adopted in 1991

The European currency crisis, from 1979 until the birth of the euro in 1999, the European exchange rate mechanism suffered a total of 18 adjustments, affecting the central exchange rate 56 times. It also led to two astonishing currency crises.

In this rare exchange rate adjustment, the international money market funds headed by hedge funds became the most terrifying enemies of European governments. Taking advantage of the loopholes in the foreign exchange mechanism, financial giants launched a fierce attack around the changing Europe. The huge profits that were torn off piece by piece entered the pockets of these financiers. In 1992 alone, Soros gained a huge wealth of more than 2 billion US dollars, and the British government lost more than 100 million yuan in the battle against the pound exchange rate. More than a few billion pounds.

But the crisis was not limited to 1992. Unlike what most people know, these bloodthirsty financiers did not stay away from the European market. Only 11 months later, in August 1993, the second exchange rate mechanism crisis occurred.

Now, the main targets of this crisis are the French franc and the Italian lira. Unlike the previous pound crisis, the hedge funds in 1993 hid their sharp minions, burying the situation under the hidden current, and the movement of money was like

Breathing quietly like running water.

Throughout Soros's successful attacks on these currencies, including the pound sterling, the Italian lira, and the Mexican peso, they were all carried out through large-scale short selling of the currency in the currency forwards, futures, and options markets, resulting in

Such currency depreciation pressure.

For countries struggling with foreign exchange reserves, after futile market intervention, the only option left is often to allow their currencies to depreciate, thereby allowing short-selling hedge funds to reap huge profits.

Soros's attack on the pound not only made him a lot of money, but also made him known to the world as a financial tycoon who can change the political situation of a country. And standing under the neon lights and boasting also made his name famous for a while.

Amount of scenery.

Fang Mo Nanyun smiled lightly and said, "Remember our style."

"Sure!" Cheng Shigui said with a smile, "What we want is real profits and victory, not arrogance or standing in the spotlight."

"In the financial market, only victory is everything, and strength means everything. Covert attacks and ferocious predation are our true style."

This is why Cheng Shigui and others are well-known in financial circles, but little known to the public. They do not accept any form of interviews.

"Next year will be an election year in the United States!" Fang Monan said with a smile.

"Yes! We will vote in November next year. It's hard to say who the current president will be." Cheng Shigui pouted and tapped the armrest of the sofa very rhythmically with his index finger.

Although the fat man didn't know much about the foreign exchange market, he listened very carefully. Why did he suddenly switch from Europe to the United States?

"No way! Didn't he win the Gulf War and kill the Soviet Union? He should have no problem being re-elected!" the fat man said with wide eyes.

Cheng Shigui nodded, "As the fat man said, shortly after Bush took office as President of the United States in 1989, the international situation changed. Dramatic changes in Eastern Europe, the reunification of the two Germanys, the defeat of Iraq, the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact, and the disintegration of the Soviet Union. All of these have increased the international status of the United States unprecedentedly.

, seems to have reached the peak of victory. However, diplomatic success cannot alleviate the intensification of domestic conflicts." (To be continued. If you like this work, you are welcome to vote, monthly vote, your support is my greatest

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ps: please pink, please