The Most Romantic of the Three Kingdoms

Agricultural implements produced by iron officials in Zhao and Wei counties and grains from Dong counties were transported to the county, and then transferred from Ye county to various counties and fields.レm♠思♥Road♣客レ

Having learned the lesson from the last grain robbery, and in order to prevent the righteous servants stationed outside the county from causing trouble because of being bored in the camp for too long, Xun Zhen appointed Xin Ai, Gao Jia and others as escorts, and ordered them to bring justice. Responsible for picking up, escorting food and farm tools.

Zhao Ran has already sued the clansmen not to do stupid things like robbing the county anymore. Xin Ai, Gao Jia, etc. have all been killed by tigers and wolves. The refugees or the thieves who slipped through the net coveted the food they escorted, but they did not dare to rob them, until all the food, grain seeds, and agricultural tools were transported to the place, and there was no more robbery.

Jiang Qin, who was in charge of the field, and others kept reporting the progress: Except for the three ministries who followed Shang Zheng to rebuild the school, the rest of the ministries who were changed to the field have been settled properly, and the fields allocated to each minist have also been listed. Grain, grain seeds, agricultural tools and various materials were also received one after another. By mid-August, everything was ready in the farmland, and it was only waiting for autumn planting.

In August, autumn has come to an end.

Although the autumn harvest is coming to an end, the counties and counties are getting busier.

For the county, and even the entire empire, August and September are the most important two months.

The reason is very simple: the current dynasty inherited the system of the previous dynasty, "August case was compared and a book was created", "Judging September".

"Comparison" is to simply read the number of people and property. "Count" means to calculate.

In the former Qin Dynasty, "October is the beginning of the year". The former Han Dynasty founded the country and inherited the Qin system. In the early stage, it was also "October as the beginning of the year." From October of the previous year to October of this year is a complete fiscal year. , so the counties and localities must complete the comparison and calculation of the previous year before October. Although the beginning of the year was changed to the first month in the first year of Emperor Wu of the former Han Dynasty, this system has not changed and has been passed down to the present.

The county should compile statistics on the number of people, property, and other aspects of the county in the past two months, and report it to the county. County Bizao compiled these books into one volume. Afterwards, the county official took the county’s accounting book to the capital, and he had to arrive before the next year’s Zhengdan at the latest to submit and report to the imperial court. The remote county was far away and inconvenient. It is counted once, once a year in Nei County, and must come every year.

"Comparing the case and creating a book" and "Judged the Sept." are important for two reasons.

One is because this is the time for the imperial court and the county government to learn about the situation in the territory once a year, and the other is because it is related to the distribution of corvés and the collection of two important taxes in the next year of the empire.

One of these two important taxes is Zisuan, and the other is oral.

Zi is regarded as a property tax, and oral fu is both oral money and calculated fu, also called "head money", which is a poll tax.

Zisuan's "Zi" means family capital, and "suan" is a general term for calculation units.

The entire expropriation process of Zisuan is as follows: First, the private households "own", that is, the private households report how much property they own, including money, cloth, slaves, six animals, vehicles, grain, fields, houses, treasures, etc., movable property, The immovable property is included, and then the local officials will verify it. If it is not true, the crime of "hiding" will be imposed. Not only a fine, but also all the hidden "not self-occupied" property will be confiscated. Different taxes are levied according to the amount of money in the family. For merchants’ families, 2,000 yuan is counted as one; That is, a farming home, and ten thousand money is counted as one. One is one hundred and twenty dollars. In other words, if a farmer's family has ten thousand dollars, a tax of one hundred and twenty dollars will be levied.

For "poor people" who are dissatisfied with their families' income of 20,000 yuan, the imperial court stipulates that they "do not rent fu", and they can be re-excluded, that is, tax-free.

Accountants are not only related to the country's taxation, but also to some personal interests of households. In the early years of the Han Dynasty, there was an edict: "Today, if you count ten or more, you will get an official." To be an official", people with a family capital of more than 40,000 are eligible to serve as officials. The Xunzhen family used to have a family of 100,000 Zi, and according to this standard, he used to be qualified as an official.

Accountants are related to how much they pay for Zi, and large local households often collude with county and township officials to cheat and underreport the number. The phenomenon of paying more tax and paying less tax often occurs. Profit, slander the weak, and rush into poverty first.”

As in the original history, when Cao cāo was later Sikong, he set an example himself, and ordered Qiao County to count his family's family every year. As a result, Qiaoling counted Cao Hong's family's family and his family's family as the same. Cao Ren The family is rich and rich, much richer than Cao Cāo's family. Cao Cāo's eldest son, Cao Pi, asked Cao Ren to borrow silk. Cao Cāo complained, "My family's wealth is as good as Zilian!"

Cao Ren was stingy, Cao Pi asked him to borrow silk and he didn't want to borrow it, let alone paying taxes? It was obvious that he had falsified, and Qiao Ling did not dare to expose it.

Xun Zhen had heard of and seen many such things with his own eyes when he was in Yingyīn. This kind of thing could not be completely eliminated, but he could not turn a blind eye, so he dispatched some well-known prefectures. Officials went to the counties and townships to supervise the work.

Cao Luangu, the defender of the county, Cao Huoheng, the defender of the county, Shi Chenyi, the chief secretary, and Wang Tong, Feng Qian and other people who were recently used by him were all among the dispatched. ——This is also a test by Xun Zhen on their abilities and abilities.

Zi is a property tax, and money and fu are a poll tax.

"August counts the people." In August, the counties and townships surpassed the population, and immediately began to levy the poll tax.

The mouth money is collected from minors. Before the former Han Emperor Yuandi, the expropriation started at the age of three, and the collection began at the age of seven after the Yuan Emperor, until the age of fourteen. Calculations are levied on men and women over the age of 15. All of these are the old system of the former Qin Dynasty, which is still used in the two Han Dynasties.

The money collected by the accounting is owned by the state and belongs to the national finance. Its collection is the same as that of the Zisuan, and there are different collection standards for different people.

The common people of the peasant family are one hundred and twenty dollars a year, and this counts as one. Merchants and slaves are "doubled", that is, two hundred and forty dollars a year for one person. In order to encourage childbirth, the "five counts" for women who do not get married from the age of fifteen to thirty, that is, a woman who has not married after fifteen to thirty is six hundred dollars a year. For the reasons of respecting the elderly and encouraging filial piety, if there are more than 80 elderly people in the family, they can be exempted from the calculation of the two members of the family.

The money goes to the royal family, "to eat the emperor", and the amount is a little smaller. Originally, it was 20 yuan a year for one person. When Emperor Wu of the former Han Dynasty killed the Xiongnu, to keep a car and a horse, the number of people increased by 3 yuan, and it was changed to 23 yuan a year for one person. ,Still in use.

Calculations and money may seem small, but it is already a lot of pressure for poor families.

Assuming a family of five, three adults, and two teenagers, then the court's annual allowance is 406 coins. If only 406 money is enough, the problem is that from the imperial court to the county government to the county temple and then to the township, there are many levels, and in these levels, there is often a phenomenon of extra charges, and after layers of exploitation, it goes to the people. , the "first money" a person has to pay every year may be far more than one hundred and twenty or twenty-three dollars.

If the common people can’t afford it, then the fu and mouth money can be paid in instalments instead of paying it all at one time, and it will be collected several times a year.

Under such circumstances, many states, counties, and townships often have the phenomenon of "not raising a child". If you do not raise it, you will not raise it. The child will drown at birth, because he can't raise it, and he won't be able to take care of the child when he grows up. money.

In order to avoid this kind of layer-by-layer exploitation, Xun Zhen also had to send someone to supervise.

Compared with Zisuan, he paid more attention to this matter, because it was related to the vital interests of the people at the bottom.

Those sent by him to supervise the counties of the counties were all his cronies, such as Cen Rong and others.

Xu Fu and Xu Ji were also sent out as Cen Rong's deputy. Xun Zhen wanted to take this opportunity to let them know more about the operation of the county and township's local reading, taxation, etc., as well as the suffering of the people, and give them a chance to get exercise.

In addition to paying money and calculating Fu, there is also a kind of tax called "Geng Fu".

Geng Fu is actually a kind of corvée in disguise, which is "paying money on behalf of the servants".

There are two main types of corvée among the people of the Han Dynasty.

One is the list of people who have been in the corvee service since the age of 20. Every year, they have to serve in the county for one month without compensation, and serve for three consecutive years. This is called "golden soldier". The market price of paying someone to serve on your behalf is 2,000 yuan a month, and this money is private to private.

One is that from the age of 23, you can no longer go to the county and county to serve corvée, but you have to start "guarding the borders" for the country every year. The so-called squatting, even though the son of the prime minister is also in the tune of guarding the frontier.” If one cannot guard the frontier for the country, one person will have to pay 300 yuan a year until the age of fifty-six, and this money must be handed over to the state.

In order to be exempted from corvée service, either an elderly person with a family of more than 90 can be exempted from corvée service, or an official who has reached a certain level of rank, or a title must be answered to a certain rank. Exemption from the battle of the guards is not the fourth grade of the 20th grade. As the name suggests, "no words will predict the guards of the guards", and the rank to the "five masters" can be exempted from the battle of the guards. The five masters are the second The ninth rank of the tenth rank, it is difficult for ordinary people to rise to this rank.

Xun Zhen's impression of the two Han Dynasties before the time traveled was that of "light and frivolous fu", but only after traveling to this era did he realize that this was not the case.

The land tax in the Han Dynasty was not high. At the beginning of the "15th tax" and later "30 tax", the land acquisition became more and more serious, the land was more and more occupied by the rich and powerful, and the poor became tenants and subordinates. Under these circumstances, no matter how low the land tax levied by the state is, it has nothing to do with most people.

The common people had no land, so they could only sublease the tyrannical land, and the land rent collected by the tyrannical landlords was less than "Ten Tax Five", and the heavier "Ten Tax and Half", that is, more than half of the ten percent of the harvest had to be handed over to the tyrants. Landlord. If there is not enough food to eat or money to pay taxes, and you borrow money from powerful landlords, you must first mortgage your movable and immovable properties, and then you must pay interest. Although the state has expressly stipulated that the interest should not be higher than a certain level, how can Can it stop the profit-seeking of powerful landlords? If the interest is light, the "doubled interest", that is, 100%, and the heavy interest is ten times the interest. The state protects the rights and interests of borrowers. There are relevant laws and regulations. If they fail to pay the interest, they will be punished. Even the princes cannot be exempted, let alone the common people. The people don't know how many.

Xun Zhen's clan brother Xun Yue once commented on this situation, saying that "the favor of the official family is better than that of the three generations, and the tyranny of the tyrants is cruel to the Qin Dynasty. The common people, but the privileges were taken up by the tyrannical, it was the tyrannical landlords who made a fortune, and the common people suffered.

The low land tax has nothing to do with the vast number of landless farmers, but the poll tax, levy and various miscellaneous taxes are closely related to them.

A man over twenty-three and under fifty-six, even if he has no family, as long as he is alive, the imperial court will collect a fixed tax of four hundred and twenty dollars from him every year, passing through the layers of the county, county, and township. With an additional charge, the amount that falls on him may exceed a thousand or two thousand dollars. In addition to the poll tax, there are various miscellaneous taxes, such as household tax, "rate the household and pay", in addition to the poll tax, as long as it is a household, it must pay taxes every year; such as animal tax, if the family has livestock, the price will be reduced The tax rate is 2%, that is, the value is 2,000, and the tax is 20%; for example, the manuscript tax is levied for raising horses. It is also known as "stubborn money"; such as fishing tax, where there are ponds and more fish in the county, a water official will be set up, fishing tax will be collected, and tax will be paid for selling fish, and so on.

Under such circumstances, how could there be not many refugees, and how could the common people not rise up?

Although compared with certain times in later generations, the taxes of the Han and Han Dynasties were not "strict", but this only made Xun Zhen very surprised.

Not long after he traveled, he learned about the various hardships of the people at the moment, and he still remembers the shock he received at that time.

He now often thinks of the word "class", and what he has seen and heard cannot help reminding him of this word all the time. He remembered reading in his previous life, and read a sentence from Lu Xun: "I opened up the history and found two words: 'Eat people'". At that time, he only understood it in writing, and only after traveling to this era did he truly feel the cruelty of the word "cannibalism".

In his previous life, he did not read much, and even more ancient books. The ancient books he read were all written by ancient scholars. Scholars and farmers are not the same class. Although they can sometimes read about the hard life of the common people from their books , but it is only a glimpse. The mainstream of their books is not these. The tragic reality of farmers cannot be read in depth from their books, and it is far less shocking than seeing it with one's own eyes.

He plagiarized Li Shen's two "Mercy for Agriculture" a few days ago, not only from a political point of view, but also to show his true feelings.

But even though it is true feelings, although he wants to change this situation, facing the current objective conditions, he can only feel deeply powerless. Even if there is one person in his future who can dominate the world, he will not be able to change this situation~www.wuxiaspot.com~ At the most, he gathers the wisdom of Xun You and others, combined with the knowledge of his later generations, maybe he can make some changes in the system, Alleviate the hardships and burdens of some people.

...

For Zisuan and Koufu, Xun Zhen paid more attention to the supervision of the latter, but this emphasis was only relatively speaking. For the common people, he paid more attention to the supervision of the Koufu, and for the Zhao family in Ye County, he paid more attention to the Zizi. counting supervision.

——

1. Open the history and check, there are two words written: "eat people".

Cannibalism is not limited to ancient China, but to look at the history of European and Asian countries, it is the same in China and abroad.

Class is a thing, as long as there are rich and poor, there is class. This is true in ancient times, and it is true in modern times, as well as in China and abroad. If you don’t talk about class now, it doesn’t mean there will be no class. “Capital comes to the world, from head to toe, every pore drips with blood and dirty things.” The bourgeoisie of today is comparable to the powerful landlords of ancient times, especially The foreign bourgeoisie occupies the dominance of public opinion, economy, politics and other aspects of the country. Compared with the ancient times, they are very similar to the ancient tyrannical landlords and gentry classes.

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