The Most Romantic of the Three Kingdoms

the second

——

Xun Zhen was dragged out of the gate of the Xiangsi Temple by Gao Su, and said with a smile, "Zixiu, I can't go to your house yet."

"Why?"

"I came to take office today, and when I got off the bus, the three elders, the filial younger brother, and Litian were all elders. They were the father and brother of the villagers, and they had to pay a visit."

The three elders in the township, like the elders in the village, are the spiritual leaders of the local people. "Jumin is more than fifty years old, has practiced, can lead the crowd to do good, and is regarded as the three elders." However, unlike the elders in the village, although the three elders of the township are also elected by the people, they are not state officials, but they have the official seal, and they use the square seal, which is higher in specification than the rank. Those with rank are only half-pass seals.

The basic responsibilities of the three township elders are the same as those of the elders in the village. They are all "teaching the head" and "being a teacher to the people."

In addition, his job is to "solve lawsuits and grievances." "Listening to the lawsuit" was originally the job of the villager's husband, but because the three elders of the township were mostly those with high morals and respect, their semi-civil status was more friendly than that of the villager's husband, so if the villagers had disputes, they would often Not looking for Qiangfu, but looking for three old men.

In addition, there is also the responsibility of participating in the sacrifice together with Xiang Qiangfu. In times of prolonged droughts and floods, the prefectures and counties often order the villagers and the three elders of the village to offer sacrifices to the heavens, in order to bring good weather.

The two positions of Xiaodi and Litian are unique to the township. "Filial piety is the great obedience in the world; Litian is the foundation of life." Filial piety means filial piety to parents and good deeds to elder brother; Litian means diligent farming and keeping one's own business. The three elders of the township are present in every township, while the filial younger brother and Litian are set up by household registration, some townships have them, and some townships do not. This township is a big township, and both of them are full.

The three elders of the township, the filial younger brother, and Litian were moral models established by the imperial court. In order to promote education, the imperial court gave them high status, many rights, and awards. At the beginning of the establishment of the three elders, it was stipulated that "do not resume corvée service", and the rewards for the three members from the former Han Dynasty to the present have been continuous, including granting land, granting silk, granting rank, granting money, and rent-free. Emperor Wu "Yu San Lao and filial younger brothers are regarded as teachers of the people", which is very respected.

These three members, especially the three elders of the township, have a strong appeal in the countryside because of their outstanding status. Therefore, from the county magistrate to the chief of Qiangfuli, most of them will be in the first place when they are newly appointed. Meeting them for a while is to show humility and respect for the elders; secondly, for example, the county governor can also ask about the local customs and customs and the suffering of the people. The county magistrate has a high official position and can be summoned. The position of the chief of Qiangfu is low, and his usual work needs to rely more on the cooperation of the three elders of the township, so he often visits in person.

Xun Zhen is a foreigner who came to work in his hometown and needs the cooperation and support of the three village elders in his daily work. Therefore, he never dared to be careless and would never “go to drink before seeing the elders”.

Gao Suzhi persuaded him not to stay, and said angrily: "Are you going to see the three elders? ..., I won't accompany you. Go by yourself, I'll wait for you at home. Hurry up! Don't let the wine and meat get hot and cold again. already."

He has done bad things in the village and has a bad reputation. The three villagers in the village often reprimand him, but of course he refuses to take the initiative to come to the door to scold him. However, because of the high prestige of the third old man, although he was annoyed by him, he did not utter any ill words or insults.

Xun Zhen knew very well the reason why he didn't want to go, so he didn't force it, and said with a smile, "Okay!" To show respect, he first went back to the temple to take off his uniform, put on his official clothes, and asked Cheng Yan to lead the way, with Wenpin. , Xu Zhong, Xiao Xia, Xiao Ren and others went there together, recalling the materials of the three elders in their hometown as they walked.

The three old surnames in this township are Xuan Ming Bo. He is fifty-six years old this year. He studied in Yangzhai when he was young, and he studied with the Guo family and studied the law. ——The Yangzhai Guo family is a famous legal scholar. He is famous for his clear laws. He has passed down the law from generation to generation. Among his family, there are only seven people who have served as court officials, and are well-known all over the world.

He studied hard for many years, and he has achieved some success. He served as the county judge of Cao Shi, "the main crime and legal affairs". During his tenure in office, he settled many unjust prisons, and the county and township praised him. Later, because of his old age and lack of energy, and seeing no hope of promotion, he resigned from office and returned to the village a few years ago, and was named the third old man by the villagers.

Cheng Yan is a local snake, familiar with the door and the road. He took Xun Zhen and waited not to walk on the main road, but walked through the small road, passing through two or three li gatherings, and came to a li-wai. Xun Zhen raised his eyes to look at it, and saw a horizontal plaque hanging on the inner door, with the three characters "Yin Yang Li" written on it.

The Lijianmen saw them in the school room, jumped up from the seat, put on his shoes, and hurried out to greet them. ——Xun Zhen was dressed in official clothes, with a blue sash, with a half-pass seal, a high-headed horse, and several people followed. Although the prisoner here did not recognize him, he knew that he must be a young noble official. He bowed to the ground, and bowed his head and said, "The villain Yangyin is the prisoner, and I pay respects to the nobles."

"Get up. I am the new rank in my hometown. I will take office today and come to visit the three old Xuanfu."

Hearing that it was the newly appointed Youzhi in this township, the prison guard there bowed respectfully for two more times, and then got up, lowered his eyebrows, and said, "When Xie-Jun left the day before yesterday, a message was sent to all the pavilions and every li, Said that you would come soon, and ordered the villain to wait for you to embrace Hui. I thought that you would come in a few days, but unexpectedly you will arrive today! Xie Jun left office, and the villagers were like a flock of sheep who lost their owners. Follow each other, after hearing about your future, the gods and masters have gradually settled, and everyone will look forward to each other, hoping that you will arrive early. Now that you are here, it is the luck of the villagers."

Xun Zhen was quite surprised, looked at the prison gate, and thought, "How could a prison gate have such words?" She asked, "Have you ever read books?"

"When I was young, I studied in the village school. Later, Xuan's father resigned and returned to the village. He taught the younger generation.

"Oh! So you are Xuanfu's disciple."

"There are hundreds of people in Xuanfu's sect, and only ten disciples have ears. The villain is dull and stupid, and he is just a disciple."

"The person who teaches the profession is the disciple, and the person who turns to the profession is the disciple." Disciples are passed on personally, and disciples are passed on again. A person's energy is limited. When there are many disciples, one cannot teach each one in person, so the disciple can only teach on behalf of the teacher. The great Confucian Zheng Xuan was originally a "student" after he joined Ma Rong's family.

Xun Zhen was amazed. His understanding of Xuanbo was limited to his personal experience, and he was not clear about his knowledge. Since he met his disciples, he decided to chat with the prisoner here and asked, "You have learned everything from Xuanfu's disciple. what?"

"My father learned from Yang Zhai Guo, and is proficient in "Little Du Lu."

"Little Dulu" is the family biography of Yangzhai Guo. The so-called "Little Du" is distinguished from the "Big Du". The father and son of Du Zhou and Du Yannian, the former Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, served successively as Tingwei and Censor Doctors. Both the father and son have their own law studies passed down.

Although "law" and "order" are collectively referred to as "law order", they are not the same and are two different codes. "Law" is a prohibition law, a punishment law for criminals, and a penal code; "order" is an order law, an administrative law, and a non-penalty code. Compared with "order", "law" is more authoritative, more absolute, more stable, and not easy to change.

Although "laws" are norms of behavior set for people all over the world, "laws" themselves will not enforce the law, nor will the enforcers. There are differences between people, whether they are lenient or harsh. For the same crime, if you want to live, you can "attach to life", and if you want to fall, you can "come to death." The interpretations of the laws and regulations are different, and there are differences in the transmission and practice, so there are "chapters and sentences".

"Zhangju" means "separate from chapters and analyze sentences, seek justice and understanding", which is originally an analysis method for scholars to read ancient books. Borrowing from the study of law, law chapters and sentences appeared, and the method of exegesis was used to analyze the Han law and elucidate the legal system.

Han inherited the Qin system. Since the beginning of the Han Dynasty, they have attached great importance to the law. The former Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty "externally Confucianism and internalized law", Emperor Xuan believed that "the Han family has its own system, which is originally mixed with hegemony and Taoism", and it is not possible to "pure moral education and use Zhou government". Since entering this dynasty, although Confucianism has been spread more and more widely, the status of the law is still very important.

In particular, Yingchuan belonged to Zheng in the Spring and Autumn Period, and later returned to Korea, and became the capital and main sphere of influence of South Korea. The culmination of the idea of ​​making a family, and the county people Jia Shan, Chao Cuo, Han Anguo, etc. in the early Han Dynasty strongly praised the name and spell of punishment, thus forming the social atmosphere of "high official, good grammar", many families have been accustomed to the law for generations, Yang Zhai Guo and Changshe Zhong are among the leaders.

Also because of the influence of this ethos, even though the Xun family in Yingyin was a Confucian school and passed on Confucianism, when Xun Zhen was studying from Xun Qu, he also studied the law, and had read the "Great Dulu" and "Little Master". Although it can't be said to be intensive research, it's just extensive reading, but I also have a general understanding of it. Now I randomly cite a case, and let the supervisor here analyze and decide the case according to the "Little Dulu".

Li Jianmen thought for a while, and answered eloquently, although there is nothing new, but there is no need to make new decisions in the case, as long as the rules are moderate, fair and fair. Xun Zhen was even more amazed, and asked again, "Besides "Little Du Lu", what else did you learn?"

"My father also knows the Poetry, and is good at clerical. All the little people have to learn."

"Oh? Have you studied "Poetry"? Let me test you again, 'Zhanpiqiao, green bamboo Yiyi. There are bandits and gentlemen, such as sparring like learning, like honing like grinding', where does it come from? What does it mean? also?"

"It is from "The Wind of Wei", which means the place where the water is crooked, and the green bamboo is beautiful. A modest gentleman is here to study hard and improve his self-cultivation, just like sparring and honing bones and jade." He thanked him and said, "Thank you for your encouragement!  …, the villain, with his contemptuous and arrogant body, is fortunate enough to be able to obtain a good teacher! He must obey the king's words, such a gentleman is like a rivalry."

Xun Zhen smiled and said, "I will give you a good word, but you must not return it, how will you return it?"

"When you get off the bus, you first worship the three elders. Their virtues are also high, and the villains can't repay them. I hope that you can 'he sing in Jiugao, and hear the voice in the sky' as soon as possible." .com~Shear Hearing in Heaven" is also from the "Book of Songs", which was originally intended to describe the wise men of the countryside. Lijianmen is used here, obviously praying and chanting, wishing that Xunzhen can become famous in the world as soon as possible and be promoted to the government.

Xun Zhen laughed, nodded at him, and said, "Are you wishing me a blessing? Or are you telling me that your teacher is Daxian Xiangye? What a pun. . . . What's your name?"

"Villain Fashion."

"Fashion?" Xun Zhen said, thinking, "That's a good name." She smiled, "You lead the way and lead me to visit Master Ru." After following the door of the inner prison, he entered the inner door and went to Walking in the middle, he thought to himself: "A student has such knowledge, so what kind of person is the 'Ten Disciples'? ... What kind of person is Xuan Bo?"

——

1. Three old people and sacrifices.

Sacrifices are inherently related to clans, and "Ximen Bao ruled Ye" during the Warring States Period is a vivid example.

"At the time of Marquis Wen of Wei, Ximen Leopard was the commander of Ye. Leopard went to Ye, met with the elders, and asked about the suffering of the people. The elder said: 'It was because He Bo married a woman that he was poor.' Leopard asked why, and replied: 'Ye The three old men and Tingye lavished the common people every year, collected millions of dollars, used 200,000 to 300,000 of them to marry He Bo, and shared the rest of the money with Zhu Wu."

The three elders are not the presiding officers of sacrifices, but they can collect taxes due to sacrifices. However, in the Han Dynasty, this situation has changed. Since the Western Han Dynasty, the power of the three elders has been repeatedly restricted. Although they are still respected, they are actually simply positioned in the role of "education" and have no real power. However, it still retains its status of participating in sacrifices.

2, filial brother, Li Tian.

The establishment of these two positions began after the high school, "the first one who set up the filial brother Litian 2,000 shi". When Emperor Wen arrived, it was changed to be set up according to the household registration in the locality, so that he went down to the temple and went deep into the people, and better implemented the education work to every inch of the empire's territory.