The Rise of the European Emperor

Marin first thought of carbon spring steel. After all, Beihai Kingdom already has the ability to smelt the most basic carbon spring steel and can also manufacture springs.

But in the end Marin gave up, why? Because the output of carbon spring steel is low...

It is said to be carbon spring steel, but it is still doped with a lot of manganese. In order to make spring steel, Marin said that he could not import a lot of pyrolusite (manganese dioxide) from the Venetian. The production of pyrolusite is low, and the reserves in Europe are also low. Therefore, all the spring steel made of manganese ore is used to make springs. If you want to make knives...it's fine to make a few boutiques, but if you want to be installed in the army, don't even think about it...

You know, in Marin's plan, Beihai Kingdom should have tens of thousands of cavalry. The amount of spring steel required for the saber used by so many cavalry... Anyway, Marin thinks it is unlikely...

Therefore, Marin can only think of a way on ordinary steel. Then, there is the forging technology of the sword...

In the current world, when it comes to knives, Japanese Japanese swords are definitely one of the best. There is only a Damascus knife made of Indian Uzi steel that can be compared.

However, Uzi steel is a natural pattern steel because of the good quality of the ore. After the 17th century, because the iron ore for smelting Uzi steel was exhausted, the Damascus knife was lost. It was not until modern times, when patterned steel was used with new technology, that the production of Damascus knives was resumed. However, the pattern of ancient patterned steel is naturally generated, not carved, and many modern so-called treasure knives have patterns on them, which are actually artificially created.

In addition to the Uzi steel in India, which is a natural pattern steel, China and Japan have another set of methods to make artificial pattern steel. This is the stack forging method, which is the way in which hard iron wraps soft iron to create an artificial pattern steel treasure knife. The so-called pattern is actually the trace formed by the superposition of the hard steel on the surface and the soft steel of the blade due to external force forging.

However, the patterned steel treasure knives created in this way are extremely complex and take a long time. It is said that in Japan, it takes 15 people half a year to build a top Japanese sword by hand. Even if multiple Japanese swords can be processed at the same time, the energy of each swordsmith can only make 12 swords and 20 Japanese swords per year. Moreover, ordinary swordsmiths can't create top-level Japanese swords, and they need senior craftsmen. Therefore, the cost of Japanese swords is high. In later generations, an artificial Japanese sword sold for tens of thousands of dollars.

Of course, that's a top katana sword. When Japan did business with the Ming Dynasty, it was not so honest and would trade with such expensive knives. Japan itself lacks iron ore, so they all smuggled Fujian iron from Hu Jian to Japan, and processed it to make Japanese swords. Many low-level Japanese swords are actually low-profile versions of Fujian iron treated with a simplified version of Japanese swords. If the high-end version of the Japanese sword is used for trading, it is not worth it.

How do I get the low-profile version of the Japanese sword? It is to use the Fujian iron smuggled by Hu Jian, and let ordinary blacksmiths or blacksmith apprentices work hard to remove impurities in the iron and make it into refined iron. Then, put the red-hot iron block on the stove and continue to heat it, then cover it with charcoal and simmer to carburize the surface of the blade. In this way, you get a low-profile version of the cheap Japanese sword.

Hu Jian's Fujian iron, which is smelted with charcoal, must contain less sulfur than the iron smelted with coal in the north. After repeated forging by Japanese low-end blacksmiths, the quality of the fine iron obtained is definitely better than that of knives made of northern iron. Surface carburizing with charcoal. The Japanese sword finally obtained is definitely better than the sword made of northern pig iron with high sulfur content.

Then, I got a low-profile version of the Japanese sword that is stronger than the Daming sword. But this kind of Japanese sword is very economical, and most of the middle and lower class samurai in Japan use this low-profile version of the Japanese sword. If they all use top Japanese swords, then most of the middle and lower Japanese samurai can't afford it, let alone the army. In addition, the patterns on this low-profile Japanese sword are mostly hand-carved...

By the time of World War II, the swords used by the Japanese commander He cavalry were not traditional samurai swords, but props made with modern steel technology. In fact, the material used in the Japanese Type 32 cavalry sword (the Type 65 cavalry sword is imitated from this type of sword),

It's high carbon steel. Therefore, the Japanese swords during World War II have a good reputation, but the quality is far less than the ancient Japanese swords. It's just that the natives still use iron blades, which is so rare. Moreover, capturing the command knife means defeating the Japanese officer, which is an honor. As far as the knife itself is concerned, the Japanese command knife during World War II was sprayed as an "iron rod" by professionals...

And one kind of pattern steel that Marin knew was folded and forged with No. 45 steel and 60 manganese steel. Among them, 45 steel is the blade body, and 60 manganese is wrapped on the outside...

And what kind of steel is 45-gauge steel? Looking at its label, it is obviously medium carbon steel! It seems that the 56 and a half barrels of later generations are also made of 45-gauge carbon steel...

Therefore, Marin decided to change the steel used for the blade to medium carbon steel. Although the toughness of medium carbon steel is not as good as that of low carbon steel and the hardness is not as good as that of high carbon steel, its performance is compromised. Moreover, Marin also has a solution to the problem of surface hardness - surface carburization...

Medium carbon steel is the blade body, and its toughness is better than that of high carbon steel. In the event of a strong impact, it will absorb the impact force through bending deformation, and then return to its original shape. But if the surface is also medium carbon steel, it is easy to be cut by the enemy's knife.

If the stack forging method is used, the surface is covered with high-hardness steel, and the natural performance is higher. However, in that case, the cost will be very high. Also, not every blacksmith has stack forging techniques. The master craftsmen who know how to make treasured swords by stacking and forging are all masters. Also, forging is very time consuming.

But for the cavalry to build the saber, obviously not in that way. Not to mention the high cost, the construction speed is also very slow. Therefore, Marin decided to adopt a compromise solution - carburizing the surface of the medium carbon steel. In addition, in quenching, advanced quenching methods suitable for cutting tools are also used instead of simple water quenching.

As for how to carry out surface carburization? Charcoal simmering in Japan is not advisable. Because of the carburizing method, the carburizing distribution is uneven and the reject rate is high. When making a Japanese sword, it is necessary to re-screen to get the qualified parts and eliminate the unqualified parts.

...

However, as a graduate of the Department of History, Marin once saw a carburizing method in the Ming Dynasty scientific and technological work "Tian Gong Kai Wu", which can well solve the problem of uneven surface carburization. Moreover, this method is said to still be used to this day.

This method is - put the formed iron in a crucible, then cover with stirred charcoal, tempeh and earth, and heat it outside the crucible...

Both charcoal and tempeh are carburizing agents that provide carbon elements for carburizing. The soil powder is a dispersant, which makes the carburization uniform and avoids the uneven carburization caused by charcoal burning.

This carburizing method makes the carburized iron uniform and stable, and the carbon potential is very high (Marin himself does not know what the carbon potential is, anyway, it is good for carburizing).

The strength of medium carbon steel is good, and after this excellent carburizing technology, the strength of the blade must not be bad...

It is said that in the Spring and Autumn Period, the famous craftsmen of Wu State liked to use hair and nails as carburizing agents when casting swords. As a result, later generations came up with a false version, saying that the Gan Jiang Mo Xie and his wife sacrificed their bodies to the sword in order to forge the sword... In fact, the Gan Jiang just used hair and human nails as carburizing agents to carburize the surface of the sword... and , the legendary blood sacrificial sword, it is estimated that blood is used as a carburizing agent. After all, blood is organic and carbonaceous...

...

Finally, it is the quenching process. Marin had read some historical novels in his previous life, and knew that there was a brilliant way of quenching swords in ancient times, that is, "bathing with the drowning of five animals and quenching with the fat of five animals". The sword thus obtained is very wear-resistant and elastic. And what is "The Drowning of the Five Animals"? In fact, it is the urine of livestock. As for the "fat of five animals", it is naturally the fat of animals... In ancient times, there was a legend that horse urine was used to quench weapons.

In fact, in terms of modern scientific viewpoints, quenching with "the drowning of the five animals" is actually salt quenching. And quenching with "five animal fat" is actually oil quenching. Salt quenching and oil quenching together are two-liquid quenching, which is a clever way of quenching swords. The quality of the swords obtained by this kind of quenching method is very high...

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