Three Kingdoms

Guanzhong.

After Fei Qian left, the administrative offices of Zuo Fengyi and You Fufeng, who had originally moved away from Chang'an, moved back again and returned to Chang'an City for mutual coordination and unification.

Zuo Fengyi's seal was in Xu Shu's hand, Jing Zhaoyin's seal was in Jia Xu's hand, and as for Right Fufeng's seal, although Fei Qian didn't say it explicitly, Jia Xu and Xu Shu naturally stuffed it into Pang Tong's hand. in hand.

Of course, the good name is to let Pang Tong keep it on his behalf.

Then the three giants in Guanzhong were taken shape. Three generations, old, middle and young, just right. Therefore, it can be said that these three people are fully represented in Guanzhong affairs.

Although the resettlement of the refugees is complicated, after all, the foundation of Guanzhong is still there, and the fields do not need to be reclaimed. It is only necessary to reorganize the burned and damaged villages and make overall arrangements. And these things, for the previous Bingbei and Yinshan have such work experience. For the grassroots officials assigned by Fei Qian from retired soldiers, it is actually not too difficult.

It's just cumbersome, quite cumbersome.

For a group of refugees who can't even tell the difference between left and right, and who don't even recognize the most basic basics of one, two, three, and four, to make them obey government orders, understand their meaning and abide by them, it naturally requires a lot of efforts when the manpower is not so sufficient. Correspondingly meticulous work.

Among these tasks, the arrangement and planning of land, the most precious living and production materials, is the most critical government affairs for the three giants in Guanzhong.

This piece of land in Guanzhong can be said to have experienced the most changes, and has also witnessed too many system changes, from the "well field system" to the "named field system", and then experienced a short-lived "wangtian system", and then returned to the "named field system". "Famous land system", and then gradually watched the "named land system" go to destruction.

Because the land system is directly related to the most fundamental issues of the superstructure, including taxation and corvee, and also involves many major subsequent political systems, we must be cautious about the current land issue.

On this day, the three giants of Guanzhong were sitting together...

"...Dead disciples never go out of their hometowns. The fields and fields are the same as the well. If they go in and out as friends, watch each other to help each other, and support each other in illness, then the people will live in harmony. There is a well in every square. The well has 900 acres, of which it is public land. Each of the eight families has 100 acres of private land. They raise the public fields together; after the public affairs are completed, they dare to deal with private affairs, so don't be a savage..." Xu Shu stroked his beard and said, "However, the king of Zhou succeeded in the well field and failed in the well field. This is because people have selfish desires and the fields have private acres. , replacing private affairs with public affairs, is either lazy or useless..."

Pang Tong nodded and said: "'Jingtian' is not available, and 'Wangtian' is not desirable... The pre-Qin Dynasty was strong with 'named fields', and the early Han Dynasty was prosperous with 'named fields'. The general who conquered the west used famous fields to grant people to the people, which coincides with God's will." ...But most of the people in Guanzhong are like frogs at the bottom of a well. It is really regrettable that they want to block the car with their hands..."

Jia Xu narrowed his eyes and said, "This is inevitable. It's not a serious problem if we go north to 'Mingtian', but there are many owners of the fields in Guanzhong, so the strategy of 'Mingtian' will harm its benefits." The same is true for Jue Tian... However, if we implement 'limitation of farmland', it will inevitably cause shocks, which is not conducive to governance..."

Jingtian, Mingtian, and Wangtian are some of the more famous land policies that have been implemented in Guanzhong.

The "well field system", the earliest mature land system in China, began in the Xia and Shang Dynasties, was perfected in the Zhou Dynasty, and perished in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

The well field is in the shape of a square, and is cultivated by eight families sharing one well. Each family has a private land of 100 acres, and the middle 100 acres is public land. The land after this subdivision is shaped like the word "well", so it is called well field. The eight families were required to work on public land first to pay the labor rent called "shu", and then each family could work on their own private land.

The acre of the well-field system is a hundred-bumu, which is considered a small acre. In ancient times, the population was sparse, so no matter how you divide it, it will be fine. However, in the mid-Spring and Autumn Period, the emergence of iron farm tools and oxen plowing led to the extensive development of private fields other than public fields, and the area of ​​cultivated land expanded day by day. The aristocratic lords' fanatical pursuit of private land caused public land to become increasingly desolate, and the country's annual revenue became unsustainable. Subsequently, various countries had to change the tax system of land rent, and implemented "initial tax per acre", "reduced tax based on land", and "eleven tax". The tax system such as "tax" and the well field system gradually fell into disuse.

In the pre-Qin Dynasty, with the series of reforms of Shang Yang's "opening Qianmo to break up the frontiers and seal the frontiers", the ancient well field system was completely abolished, and the hereditary land ownership privileges of the lords and nobles also disappeared, and the "named field system" came into being instead.

The most prominent feature of the famous land system is that while land is granted orally based on household registration, different titles and different amounts of land are entrusted based on military merit. The land granted becomes privately owned and cannot be taken back by the state, but can be bought and sold.

Borrowing and granting land on a per-household basis has enabled the state to strictly control the use of land by farmers. All residents registered in the household can obtain a certain amount of land, and it can also enable people to recuperate and recuperate, thereby ensuring a stable country and sufficient and stable taxation.

At the same time, the most important thing is that the system of land rewards based on military merit broke the original hereditary privileges of the nobility during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, and produced a large number of landowners with military merit. This gave a huge impetus to the social development at that time. As a result, Qin's national power flourished, and eventually Can unify the six countries.

But the problem is that a system restricted the old classes, but gave birth to new classes. As the old aristocrats died, a new class of big landowners was born. Although there was the Wenjing rule in the early Han Dynasty, it was the envy of later generations. However, with the development of society, a large number of land sales occurred, and the wave of land annexation began to impact the famous land system.

In this frenzy of land annexation, in addition to the land of ordinary farmers being annexed by powerful powers, another type of land that was annexed in large quantities was military land. Most of the descendants of military meritorious landowners were arrogant and could not inherit the legacy of their ancestors. They either perished because of violating state laws, or they were mediocre and mediocre. They sold off all the land their ancestors had acquired due to their military exploits.

In addition, the land suitable for farming is relatively limited, and the acres that can be granted to the common people cannot be endless. With the growth of the population, after experiencing the initial period of recuperation, by the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, it was basically unlimited. Tian Ke gave it.

There was no more land left, so they settled with money. The famous land system was over.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty even had to spontaneously come up with a "restricted marquis system". Although there was no explicit regulation, all the princes had a fixed number. After killing one, he would seal another one. However, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was also the referee. He was a player again. In the end, he broke the rules by flipping the table, and no one wanted to play with him anymore...

After Wang Mang usurped the throne, he implemented a series of new policies. In the land system, he implemented the "king land system". Wang Mang and his followers believed that private ownership and free trading of land were the root causes of land annexation. They had a very profound and correct understanding of this. Therefore, the main purpose of the Wangtian system they implemented was to suppress land annexation.

The main content of the royal land system was to return land to the court, prohibit private land sales, and limit the land occupied by households with no more than eight males to one "well" (nine hundred acres). The excess portion was distributed to neighboring clans, and landless farmers could be granted land by the court based on the standard of one hundred acres per husband and one wife.

However, the "Wang Tianzhi" strictly prohibited the sale of land. For the huge local powerful forces that had formed at that time, this was undoubtedly like digging up the ancestral graves. Therefore, after Wang Mang came to power to implement the New Deal, it didn't take long for the world to fall into chaos.

Land must be privately owned, otherwise what would we call a feudal society?

Although the three giants in Guanzhong don't know what it means to go too far and make nonsense, the three of them are also very clear about the negative impact of abolishing private land ownership. At the same time, they are also the beneficiaries of the emerging interests of the Feiqian Group, so naturally they don't want to My whole life's efforts were all in vain with a "boo" sound, and then the land was taken back by the country again, and my descendants returned to being paupers again...

This is human nature and has nothing to do with the times.

Therefore, the current land system can only maintain private ownership and trade, and it must be like this.

Xu Shu sighed and said: "A certain Yuzuo Fengyi implemented the new policy of conquering the west. He used refugees to farm the fields and stored grains. He did not neglect plowing during the war, plowing did not neglect the defense, and defense did not neglect the war. It was actually a good law, and it has achieved initial results. ... Although the implementation of Mingtian has difficulties, it is still acceptable. Only Juetian's policy... alas... I am really ashamed of myself..."

After Xu Shu finished speaking, he couldn't help but lower his head with a look of shame on his face.

The farming system first started with Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and was divided into military and civilian villages. However, at that time, the farming system was only used to solve the problem of excessive grain and grass transportation consumption for remote armies. When the soldiers and farmers in the field farmed, they had to pay a certain amount of rent to the court and the army, and the surplus grain left behind belonged to themselves, and the people in the field were not allowed to leave at will, otherwise they would be guilty of their wives.

This farming system can quickly settle the population and quickly produce grain and grass. It also enables some landless farmers to rely on farming to make a living. It helps to appease the people and stabilize people's hearts. It is the best policy to resettle the refugees.

Xu Shu allocated some of the unowned land of the nobles who had fled Zuo Fengyi to the refugees for farming, and then registered some of the fields as named fields. These two things went smoothly, but what about Jue Tian...

"Yuanzhi didn't have to be like this. Bingbei was originally a land of disputes. Moju Outuo, the fields were all abandoned, the land was vast and sparsely populated, the Qiang and Hu people occupied the mountains and swamps and abandoned the flat land. Hundreds of miles were covered with grass, so it was named Tianzhi. There is no hindrance to the implementation, but..." Jia Xu laughed twice and continued, "...but the land in Guanzhong has its own owners, and taking away its mature soil will inevitably lead to secret resentment among the people... Fortunately, Yuan Zhi was alert for the time being. If we stop, there will be no chaos... Here and now, there is only stability..."

Xu Shu sighed: "That being said...sigh..." Fei Qian had repeatedly confessed, but he could only do half of it, but had to stop. Although he knew that he had done nothing wrong, Xu Shu still felt a little uncomfortable in his heart. There are also some people who are dissatisfied with Zuo Fengyi's arrogance in these places.

Nowadays, in the Yangyin Mountain area of ​​​​Beiping, the land policy implemented by General Fei Qian of the Western Conquest is actually three systems: farmland, jue land, and famous land. In addition, a set of land systems of sharing the land with the land and using slaves instead of labor are added. .

Bingbei and Yinshan were originally desolate, with a sparse population and a large amount of land. The adoption of the farming system attracted a large number of refugees, including people from Baibo and Heishan. There were many benefits, but farming also had great disadvantages. First of all, Locking up the activity space of the camp people. Although the first generation of camp people who have experienced hardship will be willing to accept exploitation, their descendants with relatively stable lives may not be willing to continue to be camp residents, so they defect or join the right wing. It will be seen frequently under the door...

Without the villagers, the farmland would gradually become deserted. Once abandoned, the farmland would lose its original meaning, and then gradually be annexed by the powerful, and return to the old ways.

In Beiyin Mountain, there are many acres of fields. Whether it is farmland, famous field, or even jue field, there is no problem, because originally these fields are ownerless land, and what to do is Fei Qian's matter. Other places The wealthy landowner Hao You will definitely say a few words to Fei Qian, the prodigal son, and then let the matter rest...

What else could it be?

The general who conquered the West was a prodigal, so he had the capital to be a prodigal!

But it is different in places like Guanzhong and Hanzhong. Most of these lands are already mature fields and are owned by owners. They were not even owned by one generation, but were privately owned more than ten generations ago. Now When Xu Shu implemented the famous land system in Zuo Fengyi, he had no objections. After all, there were Han laws to follow...

But if you want Juetian, you can't bear this anymore. You didn't rebel immediately. Most of them just saw that Feiqian's troops were strong and didn't dare to move. If these people were given a gap and some foreign fire, they would definitely be like gunpowder. It's the same as the library, it explodes in one click!

Nowadays, troops are needed everywhere and defenses are needed everywhere. No matter it is Guanzhong or Yinshan, whether it is Pingyang or Chang'an, there is no room for chaos. Therefore, considering the overall situation, Xu Shu had to postpone the promotion of the New Deal. However, on this point It also made him feel guilty, feeling that he had not done what General Fei Qian had entrusted him to do.

"... Laws have the same name, but their reality is different. Things have the same name, but their effects are different..." Pang Tong rolled his eyes, showed a little smile, and said, "This autumn is coming, and we finally need countermeasures... Well, now we have won Hanzhong With food and grass, Guanzhong is slightly stable... Why not follow Guangwu's example and implement Zheng Gong's strategy?"

"Guangwu? Mr. Zheng?" Xu Shu frowned and said thoughtfully.

"Zheng Burke Duan? Shan, you might as well give it a try..." Jia Xu glanced at Pang Tong and understood immediately. He immediately felt that this dark young man was still very good and had a bright future. also……"

Xu Shu thought for a while, looked at Pang Tong, then looked at Jia Xu, and then suddenly smiled and said: "Good! Let's use this strategy! I will have people post Han laws tomorrow, and I will endure this year, and wait for what I will do. Such a silverfish!"

Aren't they clamoring to conquer the West and violate the laws of the ancestors, seizing people's land and seizing people's fat?

Aren't you complaining about conquering the West and setting harsh administrative regulations, ignoring the country and fulfilling your own selfish desires?

Now raise the banner of Guangwu and see what other tongues you can chew on?

And we really need stability and harmony in the past two years. After this dangerous period, we have to free up our hands. Of course, we need to clean up what needs to be cleaned up and settle accounts that need to be settled. Anyway, the previous slogans have been shouted, and the strong wind has blown, thunder. The sound was also loud, it wasn't that it didn't rain, it was just that the time was not right.

Farm land, jue land, famous land, as well as exemption from labor and the use of slaves instead of labor, these were originally the land policies that Fei Qian had already determined in Bingbei, and they were also things recognized by Fei Qian's interest group, including Xu Shu. Naturally, we need to spare no effort to promote it.

In the eyes of Jia Xu, Xu Shu, Pang Tong and others, Fei Qian's Tian Zheng has indeed solved many problems, at least at this stage they cannot find any big loopholes.

Farming can reduce the consumption of grain and grass transportation, stabilize the local population, and promote Chinese culture; famous fields can allow people to own land, become the main source of taxes, and enhance people's cohesion; juedian can regulate land annexation to a certain extent It also stimulates people's desire to gain fame...

As for the shortcomings of the previous land naming system that ended up with no land to be named, after seeing Fei Qian's world map, everyone suddenly realized that there are so many fields in the world, so what is there to worry about?

Even if only twenty-three percent of other places can be used for farming, it is still many times larger than the land of China today!

After deciding on a strategy and solving this problem, the three of them naturally felt a lot more relaxed. However, this good mood was quickly broken by the urgent military information delivered by the horse...

"Xiliang and Han horses are in chaos again! General Zhengxi is trapped in Xia Bian!"

The expressions of the three people suddenly became serious...