Three Kingdoms

Basically, when talking about the three strategies of upper, middle and lower, in fact, the "middle strategy" is relatively feasible. The upper strategies are mostly theoretical and extremely idealistic. The lower strategies are generally too slow and too passive. The upper and lower strategies are all used to provide relief. Zhongce makes up the numbers, and the same is true for Zheng Xuan's so-called three gains and three losses. In fact, it seems to be paving the way for the final "one loss", and the main purpose is probably to point out this last point.

Admonishment officer, is this official position? Some people say that it began when Duke Huan of Qi set up the "Great Admonition" and appointed Bao Shuya as the official. However, some people have mentioned the history of the admonishment officer to the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, saying that this certain "bao" was actually the original admonition officer. Then the great protector of the Zhou Dynasty, or Zhao Gongshi, who was called the Taibao, should be the beginning of the admonition officer.

But in fact, most of the admonishers before the Spring and Autumn Period were ministers and ministers, and they were not independent. It seemed that everyone from ministers to ordinary men could give advice to the princes and kings, and there were many beautiful stories circulating. Come down...

Of course, what I borrowed is still Confucianism.

"Admonition" mainly refers to enlightening others with honest words. The "admonishment" of admonishment officials was not initially prepared for ordinary officials. Instead, it was to criticize the monarch from beginning to end and "admonish the gains and losses of the government." "Tingzheng" and "Shangfengshi" are the two main forms in which admonishers convey criticism and advice to the monarch.

In the Qin Dynasty, there was an "admonishing doctor", which was under the command of Lang Zhongling. It was still used in the Han Dynasty, but it belonged to Guang Luxun. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was renamed "admonishing doctor" and was specifically responsible for the matter of admonishment. In addition, the so-called Guanglu officials, Yilang, etc., as well as court officials with titles such as Shizhong, Sanqi, and Zhongchangshi, can actually give advice.

The main responsibility of the admonishment officer is to face the monarch. Although he can point out the monarch's shortcomings and mistakes to a certain extent and discuss government affairs, this position has been under the leadership of the prime minister since the Han Dynasty. Most of the time, he watches the prime minister's behavior and acts as a prime minister. One of the important means of restricting the monarch's power. As a monarch, he is naturally dissatisfied with this. After all, no one likes a person who talks in his ear full-time, from the beginning to the end of the year, year after year...

Therefore, starting from Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the admonishment officers were gradually split up and their functions were differentiated. Those who were originally responsible for admonishing the emperor were transformed into advisors to the monarch, while those who were in charge of deliberation gradually became a tool to restrict the power of the prime minister.

The admonishment officer satirizes the king, and the censor supervises all officials. However, after the Song Dynasty, the two merged and were called "Tai Jian". The function of the superintendent of the government and the hundreds of officials to the monarch shrank day by day. Therefore, the monarchy in the Song Dynasty had stronger power. and last for generations to come. The centralized monarchy system of the Chinese feudal dynasty has gradually taken shape and improved since the confluence of Taiwan and Jian.

Of course, all dynasties and dynasties will say that when officials reach a certain level, they can write letters accusing the monarch of his faults. There are even various copper boxes to receive anonymous watches and seals, but in fact they do not last long, and there are many Disadvantages.

Zheng Xuan specifically brought it up today, implicitly saying that the Xijing Shangshutai is actually a small court at present. Since Fei Qian has recruited talents widely and has also set up many institutions, it can be regarded as relatively rigorous and harmonious from both military and political aspects. It’s perfect, but why isn’t there an official to remonstrate? In the court, admonishment officers are set up to admonish the king, but in the Xijing Shangshutai, the hussar generals have monopoly power and no one can check it. If there is no admonishment officer, they can point out mistakes and omissions in the governance process at any time, and there will be no fear of making mistakes. What's the matter?

Haha, will I do something wrong?

This was naturally the first thought that came to Fei Qian's mind, but looking at Zheng Xuan, Fei Qian realized that when he had this thought, he was actually not far from doing the wrong thing.

Admonisher, it is true that Fei Qian did not consider this before. Nowadays, there is a Council of Laws, a Zhiyin Supervisor, one responsible for legislation, one responsible for records, and then coupled with the Si Zhi system controlled by Pang Tong, generally speaking, they are all aimed at hundreds of officials. For Fei Qian himself to be promoted to an admonishment official position, it is indeed There is none.

Of course, on the whole, Fei Qian is still relatively open-minded. When making decisions on major issues, he often calls Pang Tong, Xun You and others to discuss before finalizing them. Therefore, it seems that there is no need to set up a special admonishment officer. At the same time, who will Neither of them is happy to have people watching their every move all day long and making mistakes at any time...

Therefore, the idea of ​​an admonishment officer never entered Fei Qian's head. Hearing Zheng Xuan's words, Fei Qian couldn't help but frown, "Xijing is only a platform for travel, and the emperor is located in Xu County, why should there be an admonishment officer here?" 』

"People can not escape from doing wrong? Zheng Xuan looked at Fei Qian and said slowly, "Remonstrance officers are not just for the master... People in high positions who have made mistakes and have nothing to criticize will inevitably close their eyes and ears, or even act arbitrarily, which will harm the country." thing. There are prime ministers in counties and counties, and there are governors in prefectures. However, in Xijing, only the hussar general is the sole authority. If we cannot set up an admonishment officer to listen to criticism and advise on good practices, we will not be far behind. 』

"Hmm..." Fei Qian glanced at Old Man Zheng, do you mean to say that listening to you means not closing your eyes and plugging your ears? .

According to the rules of the admonishment officer, generally speaking, "the speaker is not guilty". Even if he points his finger at the monarch and scolds him in person, as long as he discusses the matter and does not intentionally insult the monarch, the monarch can pretend not to hear it, or not do anything after hearing it, but he cannot Therefore, he was punished by the admonishment officer.

Moreover, other officials also have the authority to remonstrate with the monarch, but if they choose to remain silent, others cannot force them to write remonstrances, but only the remonstrating officials cannot do so. If the remonstrating officials do not speak, they will be derelict in their duties. Therefore, the original intention of the establishment of admonishment officers was to create a culture so that the monarch would be accustomed to listening to subordinates, and the ministers would be accustomed to expressing their opinions.

This system, like most systems, started out with good intentions.

According to Zheng Xuan, no one is free from mistakes, so even if you are a hussar general, you are doing well now, but can you guarantee that you will not make any mistakes in the future? Only when mistakes can be pointed out immediately and corrected, can the entire Xijing Xingtai tend to be good and righteous.

Zheng Xuan said that Feiqian was compared with the system of counties, counties and states, but in fact it can be viewed the other way around.

As the supreme leader of Xijing, Fei Qian has admonishers to give advice. So, can local counties and counties at all levels act arbitrarily?

On the other hand, although Zheng Xuan did not say it explicitly, he also expressed it implicitly. You Qiaoqi also know that there is no "human master" here? So what laws and decrees come out in Xu County, Qiaoqi, will you comply or not? Just like the previous incidents, you, Fei Qian, suffered the loss of not having an admonishment officer. Otherwise, there was some evil order from Xu County. As soon as the admonition officer stood up and complained, you, Qiao Qian, would naturally be able to follow the trend and also be able to do so. Reputation is fine...

As a result, when the amnesty came, Fei Qian could only delay, and then the examination came, and Fei Qian could only delay. He could delay one or two, but it is difficult to delay three or four. He would delay every day, although procrastination is also a kind of Chinese Kingly, but it’s not a problem if it’s delayed for a long time.

Even if the admonishment officer is used well, he can also turn it around and add some trouble to the people in Xu County...

It's just that, in the same way, no matter what it is, there are two sides.

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Of course, setting up a special admonishment officer has some advantages, but Fei Qian also has to pay a certain price. For example, Zheng Xuan raised the issue of industry and commerce and female officials before, and then wrote every day to lighten industry and commerce and dismiss female officials. He wrote a thousand words and spoke eloquently. If you attack in public opinion, isn't that just making yourself uncomfortable?

Fei Qian pinched the beard on his chin and began to weigh the pros and cons. Nothing can be completely without disadvantages. The main issue is how to choose between the advantages and disadvantages.

Zheng Xuan was not in a hurry, nor did he say anything to urge him. He sat quietly aside, his eyes seeming to be closed...

Generally speaking, many of Feiqian's concepts and systems have been tested in history. It can also be determined that they are relatively advanced for Dahan, but it does not mean that these advanced systems will definitely have curative effects. , because if the local officials who implement it do not obey sincerely, then there must be too many ways to turn what was originally a good policy into a vicious policy that harms the people, disturbs the people, and even ruins the reputation of the country's court!

Orders and regulations are issued from the top. Local officials don’t know anything. If they have any questions, they go to the top...

Anyway, just seize the loopholes that ordinary people cannot fully understand the government decrees, only do what is beneficial to themselves, pretend to be aggrieved, and wait until the people are forced to come up with real regulations and regulations in front of them. It was like a sudden enlightenment, and a "la" sound indicated that there were some deviations in the understanding.

I don’t even think about how sad it is when a common person who is not a law enforcement officer is forced to know more about the law than a professional law enforcement official?

So since Fei Qian has decided to embark on a new road of greatness, and is determined to overcome difficulties, and is willing to listen to opinions from all sides, for the sake of collective unity, and in order not to be proud and cause mistakes, then the setting of the admonishment officer, Why not?

This is the power to actively use the system to restrict one's own power, which will definitely cause a lot of trouble. However, at the same time, the improvement of the system also means that more possible mistakes can be nipped in the bud. This may not necessarily be an accident. bad thing.

What's more, in order to be able to supervise local governance issues more effectively, even if it costs me a little more trouble, what's not acceptable?

In comparison, local authorities need and should establish relevant job supervision systems.

The official supervision system before Fei Qian focused more on the aftermath, while the admonishment system focused more on before and during the event. This is undoubtedly a great improvement and supplement for Fei Qian's future governance.

Previously, one reason was the scarcity of talents, and the other reason was that for administrative convenience, the civil and military affairs were under the control of the cavalry. Although the supervisor was directly responsible for supervision, it was mainly for individual officials rather than supervising the operation of the entire policy. Xun You mainly focused on In terms of finance, Pang Tong mainly focused on the military. It would be difficult for them to supervise the affairs of local counties.

Shenluyuan was a place where Fei Qian used to mix things up, so it was naturally impossible to give him too much authority. He had a high reputation, but no real power. Zhiyinyuan is paving the way for female officials, and they have just stepped onto the path. The burden should not be too heavy, otherwise it will easily slip to the waist...

Therefore, it is actually not bad to set up the line of admonishing officials from Guang Luxun alone.

Then, Fei Qian looked at Zheng Xuan and said word by word: "What Mr. Zheng said is indeed reasonable." However, the position of admonishment officer is not difficult for a person who is not serious. If it falls into the hands of Xiaoxiao and uses the name of the people to carry out selfish desires and uses the people's mouth to seek personal gain, it will be really harmful. Therefore, if this position is set up, no one who is not an official can hold it. Is Mr. Zheng willing to work hard on writing documents and speaking out for the people? 』

Zheng Xuan was stunned.

Zheng Xuan also made a lot of psychological preparations when he came this time.

After all, the great Confucians in the Han Dynasty were somewhat different from those in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. Many of the Confucian children of the gentry in the Wei and Jin Dynasties fell into drunkenness, drinking, singing and debauchery, and even took the Five Stone Powder Golden Pill to numb themselves. However, in the current Han Dynasty, there are still many literati and Confucian students who still cherish With a sincere heart.

Zheng Xuan is willing to come to Fei Qian. On the one hand, Zheng Xuan has indeed re-understood some things in the Qinglong Temple Great Treatise, not only about the scriptures between ancient and modern texts, but also about Fei Qian. For a more direct understanding.

When Yuan Shao called Zheng Xuan to serve as an official, Zheng Xuan rejected it because Zheng Xuan felt that Yuan Shao was no different from many other Han officials. They had a big name but did nothing.

However, here in Hussar, Zheng Xuan saw many policy adjustments made by General Fei Qian of Hussar for the sake of ordinary people, and these policies were things that Zheng Xuan felt was wrong before but could not tell.

In contrast, Zheng Xuan is more willing to believe in Fei Qian, and is more willing to make some efforts of his own to change the bad habits he has seen over the years...

However, Zheng Xuan also understood that not everyone liked the position of admonishment officer, and it was not easy to hold the position.

So when Fei Qian agreed so easily with Zheng Xuan's advice without any shirk or even argument, Zheng Xuan was still holding back his energy, preparing to continue persuading for a long time before he could get results.

After all, I had a dispute with Fei Qian about business matters...

As a result, Zheng Xuan was prepared to make many speeches and even bitter remonstrances, and then he punched the air with all his strength, somewhat unable to breathe.

After a while, Zheng Xuan recovered from his shock and smiled slightly.

"General Hussar, you are really good at what you do..." Zheng Xuan sighed, "If General Hussar does not regard Xuan as humble, but pretends to be responsible for admonishing someone, he will naturally know everything and say it." 』

Fei Qian smiled and said, "Mr. Zheng, please wait for a moment to agree... If Mr. Zheng makes a suggestion but someone doesn't listen, what should I do?" 』

Zheng Xuan was stunned again, stroked his beard, and said word by word, "I should remonstrate again." 』

"But if Duke Zheng doesn't obey his second or third remonstrance, what should we do?" Fei Qian continued to ask.

Zheng Xuan couldn't help but let out a long sigh, then rolled his eyelids and said in a deep voice: "Whether you listen or not depends on the hussar, and whether you speak or not depends on the remonstrating officer." 』

Fei Qian laughed and said, "I thought that Zheng Gonggui said, "If you don't know how to do it, you can float in the sea on a raft." That's right..."

Zheng Xuan said seriously: "If you don't listen to what you say, it doesn't mean you can't follow the way. If you listen to what you say, it doesn't mean you can follow the way." The master must listen to what the admonishment officer says, and it may not be without suspicion that the minister is holding the king hostage. If he refuses to accept the advice and hangs up his crown and leaves, it may not be that he has not done anything wrong by inviting his name. If a knight makes a mistake, he should rebuke him, but he should not refuse to listen to a certain word, causing resentment between each other..."

Fei Qian stood up and bowed to Zheng Xuan, "Sure enough, Duke Zheng has the four words "Zhongzheng and Peace", and he received a certain bow..."

Zheng Xuan quickly stood up and returned the courtesy.

Zheng Xuan is so sensible that he deserves Fei Qian's respect.

After all, an admonisher is not the same as a keyboard warrior, nor is he a pure troll. The purpose of admonishment is to provide well-founded feedback, not to find faults and find faults. If you don't listen to the advice, you will hit the wall at every turn, or you will resign and give up your job. You don't even think about how you can really succeed if you do that. Does it have the effect of admonition? Are you really admonishing for the sake of admonition, or are you just admonishing for the sake of admonition?

Just like the previous calamity caused by the party's imprisonment, aren't those who talk freely responsible for it? He accuses this and criticizes that every day, but if he really wants to come up with any practical solution, he just stares, opens his mouth, and asks me to come up with ideas. What else do you want those officials to do?

In the later Ming Dynasty, there were also many officials who had good intentions, but the direction was wrong. These officials are not full-time admonishers. As a result, many of them are just talking loudly just to gain fame and reputation. In the end, no one did anything anymore. All the officials practiced national football skills very well. Part of the reason was that doing more will lead to more mistakes.

If the admonishers were all such keyboard warriors with a combination of power and essence, then it would be a good idea not to do it.

So Fei Qian said to Zheng Xuan: "Three days later, I will be conferring the duty of admonishing Duke Zheng. I hope you will not fail." If the three things mentioned today are wrong... let's remonstrate first..." How good the words are depends on the specific actions.

Zheng Xuan was stunned again, then nodded slowly.

This matter is basically settled.

Although it is said that there is still a process to go through. After the canonization at the Xijing Shangshutai, it will be sent to Xu County for filing. Basically, Xu County can only say that it knows, and it is impossible to make any refutation of Fei Qian's decision. .

Zheng Xuan stood up again, paid homage to Fei Qian, and then changed his name to call Fei Qian the Duke, and called himself a minister.

This kind of etiquette for determining the affiliation of superiors and subordinates, especially between an official and his self-appointed subordinates, basically followed the style of the Qin and Han Dynasties, that is, the mutual relationship was equal to that of monarch and minister. Then this custom lasted until the Wei and Jin Dynasties. After the Wu Huan Dynasty, the habit of calling the chief official, rather than the emperor, "minister" gradually disappeared.

When Pang Tong came, he heard about this and couldn't help but smile and congratulate Zheng Xuan. The three monarchs and ministers sat down again and chatted for a while. Zheng Xuan understood that Pang Tong must have important military affairs when he came, so he didn't stay long and found an excuse to leave...

Pang Tong watched Zheng Xuan leave, then turned and raised his eyebrows at Fei Qian.

Fei Qian smiled, stretched out his hand and pressed it on the table.

As soon as the two people made eye contact, each understood what the other meant...

Pang Tong chuckled, "I'm afraid Mr. Shui Jing might not have heard of it, so he would have told me he had known this..."

Fei Qian also smiled, but shook his head and didn't say anything. He is also a great Confucian, and he also invites names, but most of them are for the Sima family. Zheng Xuan, his son was promoted as Xiaolian by Kong Rong, the Prime Minister of Beihai. Then Kong Rong was besieged by the Yellow Turban Army, and Zheng Xuan's son died in the disaster. Then Kong Rong ran away...

Of course Zheng Xuan couldn't feel the pain of hurting his son, but did Zheng Xuan prick Kong's villain every day? When you find an opportunity, do you want to spray Kong? He even expressed his anger at Confucius and tampered with his scriptures? So when Zheng Xuan came, Fei Qian was willing to give the admonishment to Zheng Xuan, but when Sima Hui came, Fei Qian did not dare to give the admonition to Mr. Shui Jing, who turned into a fox if he got his hair on it.

Fei Qian asked: "But what happened to the military situation?" 』

Pang Tong took out a letter from his sleeve and said: "Cao's army has not seen any movement for the time being... But this is the case... The price of iron in Jizhou has increased sharply this year, and it has doubled now!" 』