Three Kingdoms

If the gods of later generations look at the battles in various wars, they can always find some points that can be pointed out, such as why a certain party does not know how to do this, or where the flaws are on that party, and even He yelled loudly, indicating that repeating it over and over again is just these methods, but he didn't even understand the basics?

As long as you have the keyboard in hand, why fear the world's heroes?

It's a pity that keyboard warriors never understand what war is.

Fei Qian did not dare to say that he understood war. He could only say that he understood to some extent that war was not the whole story of the world.

Fei Qian did not receive the report of the battle in Liaodong in time. Even after knowing that after Gongsun Du's death, two or three sons were still plotting against each other to inherit his inheritance, completely ignoring that foreign enemies had already touched the door, he might also make a sound. With emotion, the only lesson that mankind has learned from history is that mankind cannot learn any lessons from history.

Just like after Yuan Shao died, several sons fought against each other.

In fact, Fei Qian was not very clear. The sentence he remembered was actually a partially distorted personal statement.

If old Mr. Hegel knew about it, he might not be able to help lifting the coffin board.

In the translated literature, if the butt is slightly crooked, it is easy to have such a problem. Just like the previous snowflake, this sentence was said by Hegel, but his meaning is by no means decadent helplessness, but It means that we must keep pace with the times, because old history cannot solve new problems, just like the same river.

So what Hegel really wants to say is that just as a person cannot cross the same river twice, people and countries, note, not humans, but people and countries, every situation they encounter is brand new and unique. , so it is impossible to stick to dogma, let alone copy historical experience. .

Why did later generations take this sentence out of context? Which people changed the original people and countries into human beings, and spared no effort to spread this sentence from a high position? What do these people want to do?

It's actually very simple. Anyone who knows it understands it.

Just like Fei Qian is facing Wei Yan now. Wei Yan was described in history as being unruly and unruly, with a bone in the back of his head that was difficult to control. So should Fei Qian take some precautions against Wei Yan?

First of all, what is certain is that Wei Yan is not stupid.

If Wei Yan really had a problem with his IQ, it would not have been possible for him to have served as the governor of Hanzhong for so many years, become the northern barrier of Shu, and participate in the Northern Expedition several times. Then why did such a person become like a fool in history?

What are the real facts?

Therefore, if you rely on copying historical examples to deal with matters, thinking that you have a mastery of statecraft after reading the Spring and Autumn Annals a few times, or that you understand the strategy just by remembering the names of the Thirty-six Strategies, I am afraid that big problems will arise.

Wei Yan may not be the Wei Yan in history, or the Wei Yan recorded in history books. Fei Qian already had some experience with this before.

Therefore, not only did Fei Qian not intentionally play tricks on Wei Yan, he actually learned that Wei Yan was coming and brought some officials to greet him outside the city. Wei Yan had not seen Fei Qian for many years since he was last in Sichuan and Shu. After seeing Fei Qian personally greeting him, I couldn't control my emotions and burst into tears with excitement.

After eating and drinking at the Yingfeng Banquet, and repairing for a few days, when Wei Yan arrived at the Husband's Mansion again, he was not in the main hall, but Fei Qian let him go to the side courtyard.

Wei Yan was a little surprised, but also more moved. Because in the concept of the Han Dynasty people, if it is the main hall, it is a formal place to discuss official matters, and in this side hall of the Huqi Mansion, it means that Wei Yan is not regarded as an outsider. For Wei Yan, At least it represents an honor.

Historically, Wei Yan fought against Yang Yi. On the one hand, it was Wei Yan's own reasons, and on the other hand, there may be some hidden methods behind it. After all, the communication itself in the Han Dynasty was not developed in history, and one was in Hanzhong for a long time, and the other was mostly located in Chengdu. Don't you think it's a strange thing that two people say bad things about each other, and they can be conveyed to each other's ears promptly and accurately?

But at the moment, Wei Yan has no such opponent. There are more generals above Wei Yan. To a certain extent, Wei Yan is only a junior. In the Hussars, there are many generals who are recognized by the soldiers as being more respected and more dignified than Wei Yan. For example, Xu Huang, who is next to Fei Qian, is one of them.

For a military general, especially someone like Xu Huang and Wei Yan, being the commander-in-chief of an army would test more than just his personal martial arts. Perhaps Wei Yan's one-on-one combat is not weaker than that of fierce generals like Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, but if we look at it as a whole, Wei Yan's partiality is actually quite obvious.

Especially during the grand strategy, Wei Yan's shortcomings became more and more obvious.

In The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, it doesn't seem to be shown. Perhaps Mr. Luo wanted to show that Zhuge Liang counted five hundred years before and five hundred years after his death. After his death, he not only scared off Sima Yi, but also calculated Wei Yan's intrusion into the Chinese army's account. Therefore, most of the time before, Wei Yan belonged to the Wuyong Fake Defeat Team. He often failed to fight and pretended to be defeated. He used this routine no less than ten times.

But in real historical battles, it is not just bravery that is tested.

Wei Yan's main highlight was after becoming the prefect of Hanzhong.

During the Battle of Hanzhong, Wei Yan was not ranked first. After all, there were Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun, Ma Chao, Huang Zhong and others before him.

Therefore, whether it is historical or current, Wei Yan's qualifications are still somewhat weak.

But Xu Huang is different.

Historically, Xu Huang himself was a general who tended to be a commander-in-chief. It can be said that under Cao Cao, Xu Huang's record was second only to Xu Chu, and his gold content was very high, and he participated in most of the battles under Cao Cao.

And now, the same is true. Xu Huang has more experience in battle formations and commanding soldiers, and has commanded several battles with tens of thousands of troops. His personal force is no worse than that of Wei Yan. Wei Yan naturally cannot be angry in front of Xu Huang. When meeting Xu Huang, he was also respectful and courteous.

Fei Qian said to Xu Huang: The two generals are gathered here mainly for the handover of Sichuan-Sichuan defense. Wen Chang has lived in Sichuan and Sichuan for many years, and he knows the local conditions well. He is also good at fighting in the mountains and forests, and he has a lot of experience. If there is anything unclear, you can ask the Wen Chang directly. He also needs to know everything and explain everything.

Wei Yan felt light on his face and naturally responded loudly.

Fei Qian nodded and said to Wei Yan: Gongming is good at running the army and has the ability to plan and make plans. The three auxiliary military fortresses in Guanzhong are all made by Gongming. Wen Chang may wish to ask for more advice, and he will definitely gain something.

Wei Yan bowed his hands to Xu Huang again, showing no arrogance at all.

Xu Huang humbly said that we should learn from each other.

Fei Qian nodded slightly.

Maybe it's one thing in front of someone, but it's another thing behind someone's back, but even that doesn't matter. After all, at this moment, some military changes are already quietly taking place.

Fei Qian took Xu Huang and Wei Yan to a wing connected to the side hall. Inside these rooms were large sand tables built according to the map, including the terrain of Guanzhong Sanfu, Beidi Yinshan, Sichuan, Shu, Hanzhong, and Longxi Longyou. All.

Fei Qian had people put the sand table of Guanzhong Sanfu and the sand table representing Sichuan and Shu together, placing them side by side in front of him, and then pointed to the white line representing the road in the sand table, as well as the red military strongholds arranged around the white line. He said: This is Guanzhong and Sichuan and Sichuan. Can you tell anything about the military layout and road conditions?

The sand table representing Guanzhong has many white lines intertwined into a network. The red military stronghold is like a spider in the web, waiting for its prey to come. The sand table in Sichuan and Shu are almost familiar, but The obviously red military villages are relatively close to Chengdu, and there are relatively few in the east and south of the Sichuan-Sichuan Basin.

Xu Huang and Wei Yan didn't understand Fei Qian's meaning for a moment, and neither spoke immediately.

Fei Qian pointed to the network-like white roads in Guanzhong and said: The roads in Guanzhong originally meant business roads, which were mainly based on business. Do you know the disadvantages of business roads?

Disadvantages of business?

Xu Huang and Wei Yan couldn't help but repeat it softly or silently. To be honest, they have never considered this issue.

When Feiqian established the entire commercial economy, there was no extra money to build roads, so many of the original roads were opened by caravans themselves.

Businessmen, in order to pursue profits, can take risks and disregard the law, let alone build a road just to make money.

As far back as legend has it, when the Yellow Emperor, Yan Emperor, and Yao, Shun, and Yu served as tribal leaders, transportation in China had already made significant progress. By the second millennium BC, there were already people in China who could provide ox carts. and broad roads for horse-drawn carriages.

Of course, this width is relative.

By the time of the Shang Dynasty, the so-called merchants themselves were merchants, and these merchants had records of building and maintaining roads in order to sell goods. The ancestors of Shang Tang rode cattle and horses, did business over long distances, lighted wheeled vehicles, etc. The scientific and technological points revealed the history of using animal power as transportation power. After long-term development during the Xia and Shang dynasties, by the Western Zhou Dynasty, it can be said that China’s path had begun to take shape.

During the Zhou Dynasty, a special wide and flat avenue called Zhou Dao was even opened between the two capitals. Then, with the two capitals as the center, it spread in all directions and built radial roads of different levels, which became The most basic road system in China.

Not to mention the Qin Dynasty, Chidao, the earliest national highway in China, surpassed all countries in the world at the same time in terms of strategic thinking and actual road length.

And the Han Dynasty?

To a certain extent, the Han Dynasty did not develop road construction projects again on the basis of the Qin Dynasty. The only thing that can be praised is the opening of the overland Silk Road. The reason for this is, on the one hand, that in the early Han Dynasty, many wastes were waiting to be revitalized and the economy was very poor; on the other hand, the Han Dynasty adopted the enfeoffment model of prefectures and states. A large number of states within states led to the rampant regional economies, and even In order to collect commercial taxes, dozens or hundreds of checkpoints are set up on a road to collect money. Under such circumstances, how can the road develop better?

It can be said that except for the Silk Road, the Han Dynasty's road expansion was very poor, not as good as the Tang Dynasty.

The next time China opened roads on a large scale, especially in eastern China and the southeastern part of China, was during the Song Dynasty.

The Song Dynasty was also a time of highly developed commerce.

However, relying solely on business to open up roads does bring certain conveniences, but it also brings certain problems.

Xu Huang pondered for a moment, and basically figured it out. He pointed to some more remote areas. The caravans focused on profit, so if there was no profit, there was no way.

Fei Qian nodded in approval.

This is the biggest problem for businessmen to open up a path.

Let's not talk about areas that are difficult to pass, such as mountain roads and dangerous shoals. Just talking about the general situation, the comparison between Guanzhong and Sichuan is very obvious. In Guanzhong, due to its large population and densely packed townships and counties, roads extend in all directions. In the Sichuan-Sichuan Basin, although it is surrounded by mountains like Guanzhong, it is obvious that there are many more roads in western Sichuan than in eastern Sichuan. Apart from some geographical reasons, the biggest problem is that Brazil is densely populated and good for commerce, while Badong is relatively sparse and has few interests, so basically there are no other roads except a few important official roads.

Things that businessmen cannot do must naturally be considered from the perspective of soldiers.

Fei Qian took a few steps forward and arrived in front of the sand table in Hanzhong.

In Guanzhong and Hanzhong, there are several feasible ways now, including Ziwu, Tangluo, and Baoxie. Chen Cangfei lurked on the sand table and pointed out that Chencang is old, and Tangluo and Baoxie are gradually opening up. Is there any way to Ziwu?

Fei Qian couldn't help but glance at Wei Yan.

Wei Yan thought it was Fei Qian who was asking about the situation on Ziwu Road, so he simply said: Ziwu Road is relatively steep. If you use elite troops to climb up, it will be possible, but if you want to use vehicles, it will be difficult.

Fei Qian nodded, that was indeed the case. Therefore, if the current road is used for commercial purposes, it is enough, but if it is used for military purposes, it is not enough. Therefore, it is only a matter of opening up the road, and the wealth used is not cheap.

The way to use the army is to maintain peace internally and defend the enemy externally, Feiqian said slowly. The land of Sichuan, Shu and Hanzhong is important for the rapid development of troops. It is at the heart of transportation between the north and the south. It also needs to connect the east and west, trade routes, and military. Roads, warehouses, and military villages all have their own uses, so they should be planned carefully.

Fei Qian turned his head and looked at Xu Huang and Wei Yan. Now that Hanzhong, Sichuan and Shu have been initially settled, the Qiang people, the Ba people, and the Di people have all suffered heavy setbacks. When they are unable to repeat, this is an excellent opportunity.

War is only used to break some rules and is one of the means that will be used when friendly consultations cannot be reached. It is not all the means.

Now, from Guanzhong to Longyou, from Hanzhong to Sichuan and Shu, and the descendants of the gentry, basically all are attracted by the Qinglong Temple's lectures. That is to say, whether they are from local powerful people or barbarians in the mountains and forests, from gentry descendants to lower Liba people , are not likely to jump out and mess with Fei Qian for the time being, isn't it the best time?

If you want to be rich, build roads first.

This phrase, which is almost familiar to later generations, is more than just a slogan. Without the title of Big Infrastructure Maniac, China's resistance would have been weakened by at least three points in the face of natural and man-made disasters!

Gongming Feiqian continued to ask, at Tongguan, the plateau is used as the boundary, and the upper and lower internal and external transportation methods are divided. What do you think?

Xu Huang nodded and said: It is indeed a good method.

It is well known that Tongguan has a difficult terrain. On such a dangerous terrain, it is very difficult to walk the Wuli Changban or climb to the Linzhi Plateau. If it is a single transport queue, the carriages, horses, people, and all kinds of goods will not be transported in the Wuli Changban. The bus was delayed for a while, and then the one-way road got stuck on the mountain road in Linzhiyuan. It was a disaster.

Basically, it's like it was originally a four-lane road and then turned into a one-way road at Tongguan. You can imagine how the traffic will get stuck here. If instead of using internal and external transshipment and using machinery to lift goods, we continue to use the old method, the speed and frequency of transportation will be seriously hindered.

Once the bottleneck is solved, circulation can naturally be accelerated.

The way of thinking determines the direction of technological improvement, and technological improvement provides more benefits.

Fei Qian pointed at the edge of the sand table. The high ridges represented the path of the mountains. Can the Tongguan method be used in Ziwu, Tangluo, Baoxie, Chencang and other paths? Where it is available and where is the best, the two generals will decide through consultation. Later, the public can observe it on the spot and report it to someone, and send craftsmen to repair it. This can save the trouble of traveling and provide access to the east, west, north, and south.

Wei Yan and Xu Huang looked at each other, and then each began to think a little.

Regarding the current transportation in the Han Dynasty, there were indeed problems in some places. One was that commercial roads were basically diffuse roads and it was difficult to build a network. Another problem is that there are too few transfer points, or even none at all. You can only go from beginning to end.

Because merchants basically collect raw materials from the countryside and then return to sell the finished products, if Fei Qian makes a sand table like this, it is easy to see that towns and other trade centers radiate to the surrounding areas. This makes the main passages stuck along the limits of the towns. Some of them are only separated by a mountain, but they have to go around in a big circle.

Because there is no benefit to businessmen in opening roads into the mountains, there is naturally no motivation to build roads. For the military, the value system is completely different.

And where does this visual perspective, which is completely different from the commercial system, come from?

Of course, it's impossible for Fei Qian to sit in the Guanzhong Husband's office and pat his head to build a road here and dig a trench there.

As Wei Yan, he had stayed and fought in Sichuan, Shu and Hanzhong. He was very clear about which roads were important and what key points and difficulties there were. Based on his opinions, he would make the main framework for the improvement of some roads, and of course he would be relatively clear. realistic. At the same time, Xu Huang, who has watched the development of commerce step by step in Guanzhong and personally went to Tongguan to supervise the construction of the new city, has made full use of technology to solve some problems such as height differences and difficulties in water and land transportation. He will also make improvements based on his own ideas. Wei Yan's framework finally built a path that was in line with the current productivity of the Han Dynasty and could promote local and central economic development.

If the goods in marginal areas such as Jiaozhi and snow areas are transported back and forth, according to the current means of transportation in the Han Dynasty, it may not be possible to travel back and forth once a year. But what if the transportation is divided into stages?

From Jiaozhi to Sichuan and Shu, and then from Sichuan and Shu to Hanzhong, and Hanzhong to Chang'an. If the long-distance transportation becomes a short-to-medium distance, not only the Han Dynasty, but also everything in this world will become different.