Three Kingdoms

The new model of the College of Engineering created by Huang Chengyan generally follows the architectural style of the Han Dynasty, with flat squares and graceful grandeur.

Engineering colleges naturally train bachelors of engineering, but this time, they want to train more workers.

In any new ruling class that tries to replace the old class, it will package the interests of its own class into the interests of the whole, and Fei Qian is certainly no exception. But we cannot say that this is wrong and cannot be packaged. Instead, it depends on whether it brings more room for the development of productivity to society.

Ma Dabeard can't decide everything, and Fei Qian can't decide everything either. He can only plant the seeds.

Obviously, the Han Dynasty was a society based on agriculture, with the majority of the agricultural population. In such an environment, it would go against productivity to engage in industry regardless of agriculture, and it would be impossible to promote a working class. Fei Qian knew this very well, But the new engineering college he built had nothing to do with class, because both agriculture and industry were ruled in the Han Dynasty. It was just that the characteristics of the industrial population determined that it was easier for them to acquire more knowledge than the agricultural population.

More relatively centralized, it is easier to achieve specialization, just like the popular education promoted by Fei potential in the army.

To put it simply, promoting industrial development now will, to a certain extent, make it easier to develop people’s wisdom and is more conducive to improving productivity.

Development, dialectics.

The beauty of first birth.

On the whole, the engineering college that Huang Chengyan is involved in is generally composed of four courtyards. The first courtyard is a vast teaching field, used for gatherings or preaching. The unexpected thing is Master Lu Ban. On both sides are couplets boasting Lu Ban's achievements, made of small wooden pieces and pasted on the red painted pillars...

Fei Qian clicked here and said, "Just add one more." 』

Huang Chengyan blurted out, "Mozi?" 』

Fei Qian nodded.

Huang Chengyan said: "I have thought about it before, but I am worried that if I add it, it will attract criticism..."

Lu Ban did not engage in politics, so Lu Ban was popular, but Mozi was not.

Fei Qian pondered for a moment and said, "You can't cover up everything. Mozi deserves this position." 』

Huang Chengyan's eyes moved slightly and he nodded in agreement.

On both sides of the entire cathedral, there are two identical courtyards stacked on top of each other. Surrounding the corridor in the middle is a long series of teaching buildings, with pink tiles and black tiles, and artificial trees made of twigs. Spaced apart.

Fei Qian also deliberately staggered some angles and lifted the roofs of these teaching buildings. He saw that the inside was basically the same as the previous teaching buildings, with a seating model without blackboards...

"Let's make some changes here..." Fei Qian pointed at the teaching building, "There will be tables and benches for students, and podiums, back chairs, and blackboards for teachers..."

It is somewhat similar to the classrooms of later generations, but with extra back chairs for teachers. If there is a back chair prepared, it is the teacher's own business if the teacher does not sit on it, but if not, in the current era, it is impossible for the teacher to stand up and teach the students, and the students do not dare to sit and listen to the teacher standing freely.

『Hu stool and table? ” Huang Chengyan still had some concerns, “Will...”

"It doesn't matter. ” Fei Qian knew what Huang Chengyan was worried about, “I don’t mean to change everything, but half of it... The teaching building with wooden benches and tables is used to teach the art of engineering, while the teaching building with seats is still the way of Confucian classics... Father-in-law Sir, think about it, in the art of craftsmanship, do craftsmen need to get up frequently to see how well these apprentices imitate the craftsmanship? Do you often have to patrol back and forth? If it is a seat, stepping on it will make it more unsightly, and it will be difficult to clean up with sawdust and dust. In addition, standing up and sitting down will inevitably add to the tediousness. It is better to use a bench and a table, which can be easily cleaned after teaching. 』

"That's true. ” Huang Chengyan thought for a moment and nodded in agreement, “My lord is very worried. 』

The troubles Fei Qian mentioned were indeed encountered in previous engineering schools. Generally, when teaching Confucian classics and cultural classes, there is no problem with sitting at a short table, but when it comes to hands-on operations, teaching in a sitting mode often has some troubles.

Students have to sit on their knees, and the desks are inconvenient and difficult to use. It is also easy for sawdust and gravel to fall on the seats, and it is very troublesome to clean up the organized seats.

If you don't clean it up, someone's anus will be pierced in the next class...

If it is changed to a wooden floor with stools and tables, then just sweep it and it will be done, which will naturally be more convenient and clean.

Of course, something more profound is that cognition can be changed through daily life...

There is no need to tell Lao Huang about this.

Fei Qian also nodded slightly and put the roof back on the model of the teaching building.

Now we are only changing half of it. If it is implemented well and the impact is great, we may require all teaching buildings to be changed to the "Hu tables and benches" model.

Dahan continued to use the sitting system only because productivity and production means had not reached a certain level. After all, carpenters are not available everywhere. Iron nails, copper nails, etc. are still equivalent to money within a certain period of time. And the mortise and tenon structure of a professional carpenter cannot be done by just anyone.

Therefore, sitting under the sky with a stone as a seat is a last resort. Otherwise, who doesn’t want to make their legs and feet more comfortable and make the chrysanthemums feel better?

Now of course there is no need to follow the "old habits".

To worship Mozi is to break some habits.

Changing the teaching building also breaks some habits.

And this kind of "habit" is more like a circle, a kind of imprisonment.

Come little by little.

Behind the two teaching courtyards on the left and right, and going around to the back, are the office areas and dormitories for faculty and staff. There are also various small-scale practical workshops...

On one side are wood, gold and clay.

On the other side are silk, cloth, and textiles.

Metallurgy and other things that require the use of fire are naturally in other places.

"Such workshops should be placed outside..." Fei Qian pointed to the workshops and said, "Although there are workshops in the courtyard, which are convenient to come and go, there are many hidden dangers." Open fires are easy to guard against, but candlelight is hard to control... In addition to kitchens, firewood sheds, etc., a smaller courtyard, pond, pavilion, etc. can be built in the free space, which is also convenient for professors and doctors to gather and relax on weekdays..."

Huang Chengyan did not hesitate to make this change, he nodded in agreement, and then expressed his gratitude to Fei Qian for the arrangement on behalf of those professors, doctors, and craftsmen. After all, in this way, the backyard is almost a comfortable place, and the treatment index skyrockets.

Fei Qian waved his hand, then put the model aside and asked Huang Chengyan about the improvement of some equipment.

Fei Qian came to Huang Chengyan. In fact, the model of the new engineering college was secondary. The seeds were also arranged casually, mainly for the machine.

The most important of them is the machine for cotton.

Cotton production is gradually expanding, which requires Feiqian to have corresponding machines to increase production efficiency. Originally, it might be possible to divert manpower from other textiles, but if too much is diverted, it will naturally affect the production of other fabrics.

This is a contradiction that Fei Qian must resolve.

There is linen in China, and most of the cloths in the Han Dynasty are not cotton, but linen.

Hemp is not equal to cotton and cannot be used universally.

Cotton is also not equal to silk.

But there are similarities, that is, these raw materials are not directly usable. They all need to be processed and then turned into threads before they can finally become finished products.

The raw materials of silk and linen are silkworm cocoons and flax, but they cannot be used directly. Silkworm cocoons must be reeled before they can be turned into raw silk for spinning; flax also needs to be soaked and broken, twisted together and spun into threads or yarns before they can be used. To weave into cloth. Reeling requires a reeling machine, and spinning requires a spinning machine.

Similarly, a machine that turns cotton into yarn after it has been processed through processes such as rods and elastics is a cotton spinning machine.

Fei Qian knew that there was a spinning machine in later generations, a three-spindle spinning wheel invented by Huang Daopo, which could spin three yarns at the same time. It was a very remarkable invention...

But unfortunately, Fei Qian only knew its name but not its craftsmanship.

Although Huang Chengyan and Huang Daopo are both named Huang, they are not the same. It's like if they both have the surname Ma, one is named Ma and the other is named Ma, the attention immediately differs greatly.

Now in front of Fei Qian are equipment models of various fabrics.

Everything from silk to cotton.

It’s just that there are relatively few devices that belong to the cotton category.

Cotton is a new thing for Han people. It is obviously unrealistic and economical to train apprentices to veterans from scratch. Therefore, if Fei Qian needs to expand the production of cotton cloth, he must recruit craftsmen or veterans from other fabrics, which is what Fei Qian is doing now. inevitable choice.

Similarly, although other textile industries have similar textile principles, it will save some troubles if they transfer to cotton. But in other textile industries, it is not that simple to train a veteran.

So, this is the dilemma right now.

Because in the Qin and Han Dynasties, most of the processes such as spinning and reeling were done manually, even if machinery was involved. It was completely different from the later generations who pressed a button and didn't have to worry about anything.

Unless equipment in other textile industries can be improved, or a machine adapted to cotton can be invented.

Take silk reeling, which is developing relatively well, as an example. The most advanced reeling machine at the moment is the hand-operated reeling machine.

Mechanical, to a certain extent, represents repetitive stability.

At the beginning, the reeling machine was probably just a simple H-shaped wooden frame, which was simply used for winding.

Later, during the Warring States Period, it was improved into a windlass-type silk reeling machine. The silk reeling machine basically has the prototype of the hand-operated reeling machine. It is generally made of bamboo, with four corners or hexagons, interconnected by short spokes, and a shaft running through the middle. When used, it is placed on the reeling kettle. When used, it is directly pulled to make it rotate continuously, and the silk strips drawn out of the reeling kettle are directly Wrapped around the frame.

After the Qin and Han Dynasties, the hand-operated reeling machine appeared.

This is a set of equipment that is very crude in the eyes of later generations, and can even be said to be a very inconvenient mode. However, even so, it is still considered the most advanced production tool in the Han Dynasty. The simple deconstruction of components such as stove, cauldron, eye, hook, etc., allows the output of silk thread to have a certain stability during constant repetition, and relatively high-quality silk thread can be obtained to enter the next production link.

Perhaps due to the backward conditions in some areas, or perhaps the government's indifference to the handicraft industry, the hand-operated reeling machine invented between the Qin and Han Dynasties was still in use in some places even in the Ming Dynasty, which makes people admire its vitality. , on the other hand, it does make people sigh with China's scientific and technological progress, which is really speechless.

Although this hand reel is simple, it cannot be used by one person. To put it simply, most people cannot draw a square with one hand and a circle with one hand, and repeat it without making mistakes.

Generally speaking, it takes two people to ensure the orderly production of a hand-cranked reeling machine. Otherwise, unless you are like an old naughty boy or a little dragon girl, you can make the spinning motion with one hand and draw circles with the other hand to make the winding. action……

Fei Qian looked at the hand-operated reeling model, turning it left and right, then sighed slightly and said, "This is the disadvantage of the present." The power of one person is ultimately limited. Even if he spends his whole life collecting and gathering it by himself, making it from silk and thread, and making it by himself, with all the links being extremely skillful, how many pieces can he get? New Engineering College, the word "new", was born from this. 』

Huang Chengyan nodded.

Perhaps among the many scholars of the older generation, only Huang Chengyan is better able to understand the meaning of some of Fei Qian's actions. The strength of a country has many aspects, including scriptures, armor, weapons, and even nails and threads.

At present, the economy of Feiqian's territories, especially Guanzhong Sanfu, is strong. The most critical point is that there are more products than other regions. The basis of this "more" is that Feiqian uses a large number of machines and constantly requires craftsmen. To improve, innovate, and use, so that more items can be produced with the same manpower, or even less manpower.

Cao Cao, Xun Yu, and some people in Shandong racked their brains and couldn't understand why Fei Potential had so much money, and then they couldn't understand why there was such a big difference for the same piece of land. In fact, it's very simple. In later generations, there was a proper term for this, "scissors difference."

The price difference between industry and agriculture is huge.

People in Shandong are fixated on agricultural products such as grain, grass, crops, and crops, trying to pass down the classics of small-scale farmer economics to their families for thousands of years. However, Fei Qian focused on developing industry and commerce from the beginning, and Fei Qian clearly understood that agriculture was the foundation and could only Energy is the foundation, not the whole of a society.

Just like people prefer to sit on mats and chairs rather than having chrysanthemums clinging to cold stones every day, if conditions permit, people will choose better ones.

Cotton quilts and cotton robes were undoubtedly the cheapest and most comfortable "mats or chairs" during the Little Ice Age.

However, if we increase the manpower in this area, it will affect the output in other areas.

Especially silk.

Silk in the Western Regions, especially among Hu merchants, was simply equivalent to gold.

In the same way, although Hu Shang did not like linen, linen was needed by almost all industries, especially the military, which used it more and could not be cut at will.

Therefore, at the moment, we can only start with machinery.

"Your great craftsmen... don't have any ideas?" Fei Qian put down the hand-operated reeling model and asked Huang Chengyan.

Huang Chengyan smiled bitterly and said: "Yes, there are some, but they are not very practical..."

"tell me the story. Fei Qian said while looking at the other equipment.

Huang Chengyan said: "At the beginning, some people wanted to talk about using water power... As a result, there is a lot of mud here, and the bearings are often stuck in the mud... Lord, you know, this is different from those forged instruments..."

Fei Qian nodded silently.

Water-powered sawing and water-powered forging are not about sawing or forging all the time. The water wheel is put down only when it is used. On the one hand, the machine may not be able to sustain the stress continuously. On the other hand, whether it is a saw piece or iron material, , are not continuous, and empty sawing and empty hitting are very harmful.

The textile industry is different. The thread needs to be continuous. If it breaks, it means that a lot of things have to be done again, so once you start, you can't stop halfway...

"Later, some people said they would use wind power," Huang Chengyan sighed, "This wind power is even less reliable than water power... Even if the wind power is strong or small, just the wind direction... Bellows, it's better to just use people... ... Later, some people wanted to use animal power... but it didn't work either. Are mules and donkeys used for pulling mills? It doesn't matter whether they are light or heavy, but they are used for pulling threads..."

Huang Chengyan smiled bitterly and said: "So I went around in a big circle and came back again. I can only use human power..."

Fei Qian also fell silent.

Although he said that he had not seen it with his own eyes, Fei Qian heard what Huang Chengyan said and knew how many hopes and disappointments he had gone through in this process. If it weren't for Fei Qian's persistence and Huang Chengyan's responsibility for the scientific research expenses of the college entrance examination, , How many times can an ordinary craftsman carry out such improvements in craft equipment?

Later generations of textiles used electric, stable, convenient and fast energy to drive textile machines, with people working in three shifts without resting.

Before electricity, there was steam. The boiling point of water was roughly fixed, so it could naturally be effectively controlled...

But the problem is that Fei Qian currently has neither electricity nor a steam engine. Not to mention electricity, the steam engine is something that can only be unlocked after materials science, metallurgical technology, manufacturing technology, etc. are all up to standard. It does not mean that it can be automatically synthesized with a click of the mouse after coal, water and steel are available.

So, after going round and round and coming back, there is still no progress?

So what to do? It is necessary to train more apprentices. It is difficult for apprentices to become apprentices every three to five years. Perhaps some of them are hidden secrets by the master, but more of them are limited by their personal abilities, such as In later generations, there are also a large number of factory workers who do not want to continue their education and development at all.

This is very troublesome.

Fei Qian frowned and thought.

At the beginning, Fei Qian may have taken this problem a little too easily.

This is inevitable after all. For Fei Qian, the memory of the big machinery factories in later generations is too profound. It will affect Fei Qian to some extent and cause him to form misunderstandings accidentally. Now he has to make amends and corrections...

Fei Qian looked back and forth at the various mechanical models on the table.

There must be something that can be improved. Fei Qian believed this, but he just couldn't find it for a while.

Fei Qian closed his eyes and thought about the various fragments in his mind. Suddenly, a picture jumped out and then flashed by.

Fei Qian pursued, then turned back, and looked carefully at the hand-operated reel he picked up first. He looked over it for a long time, and suddenly caught the fragment that had flashed past before, " This...if it were changed to...a pedal method...』

"Pedals?" ! ” Huang Chengyan first murmured and repeated, and then clapped his hands and said, “Step on! Yes, pedals! Why didn't I think of that? ! Pedal, haha, pedal! 』

The drawback, or shortcoming, of the hand-operated reeling is that it requires two people to cooperate. One person draws the silk from the cocoon cauldron to the thread, and the other person manually turns the reeling so that the silk thread can be wrapped around the reeling. If two people do not cooperate tacitly, whether it is too fast or too slow will cause problems with the thread.

Now if it is changed to a pedal, it is just a small change in the rotation mode of the reeling machine. Then the weaver can control the speed by himself. When the spinning is smooth, pedal faster, and when there are some problems, slow down, and his hands can be freed. Come out specifically for splicing, which not only frees up your hands, but also doubles the labor force!

"Where are the people!" Go and call the big workers! Ha ha! Pedal, pedal! Huang Chengyan took the hand-operated reel in Fei Qian's hand with one hand, and rushed out of the showroom in a hurry. In the corridor, he shouted to the craftsmen, and immediately made improvements according to Fei Qian's ideas, and even made some improvements. Fei Qian threw it aside.

Fei Qian was stunned for a while, and then he couldn't help but smile when he looked at Huang Chengyan and other people who were fully engaged and even quarreled loudly over some issue.

This world is in the hands of such people, and with little improvements, it becomes stronger and better...