Three Kingdoms

Fei Qian squatted on the ground and used a wooden stick to pull items on the ground one by one, just like a rich man calculating how much food he still had at home.

In the first step, the mining technology problem is not big. We have not yet reached the point of digging deep wells. Surface mining is still relatively easy. There is no problem in crushing the iron ore. The water grinding disc has been around for a long time;

The second step is to mix in lime powder. There is no problem with this. The amount should be adjusted according to the molten iron produced;

The third step is to remove carbon from the pig iron to form a crude steel ingot. This involves steel frying technology, hydraulic air exhaust, and even steel filling technology for over-frying. At this stage, it is enough;

The fourth step is to forge the steel to further remove various impurities, increase the strength, toughness and hardness of the steel, and then trim the steel ingot into various required instruments. In other words, in fact, the biggest problem arises in this link. Part of the labor is consumed here...

Add water to the forging equipment!

Let’s first remove the manpower consumption of rough beating. As for fine beating, let’s see if there is any progress in the follow-up. In the Han Dynasty, there were water cones and water drains. The operating principles of these devices are similar, but no one has applied them to the forged iron industry for the time being, so they only need to be slightly improved, and the problem is not too big.

But this drawing process...

It's really hard to do, I have no clue at all.

Huang Yueying walked over quietly carrying a food box, and squatted aside with Fei Qian, her big eyes blinking at the things Fei Qian had scribbled on the ground.

"Langjun, what are you going to do?" Huang Yueying squatted beside Fei Qian, rested her elbows on her knees, held her chin, and whispered.

Fei Qian frowned and said: "Stretching, or drawing..."

Huang Yueying blinked, murmured and repeated, and then said: "Stretching, what kind of thread?"

"Wire, how can we make it simpler?" Fei Qian drew a few molds on the ground, but found that these molds seemed to require higher technology to be made, so he was very confused, as if he had reached a dead end.

To do wire drawing, you must have tools, and this tool requires higher technical support. To develop these basic technologies including lathes, in turn requires more cutting-edge materials. It is simply an endless process. A vicious circle that can never be circumvented.

Huang Yueying didn't know what Fei Qian was thinking, but it didn't stop her from wanting to help Fei Qian, so she tilted her head and thought for a while, then suddenly stood up and ran away.

Fei Qian didn't care about Huang Yueying's movements at all. He was mainly worried about how to add improvements to the simple mechanical craftsmanship of the Han Dynasty. Many of the technologies and methods of later generations that he knew about had not yet been implemented in the Han Dynasty. This That's the most troublesome problem.

He knew what to do, but he just couldn't. He didn't have enough conditions. He saw the technology tree but couldn't click on it. This feeling of depression almost drove Fei Qian crazy.

Huang Yueying ran back again. Behind Huang Yueying was a middle-aged craftsman, holding a large rattan box in his hand, who came to Fei Qian.

"This is..." Fei Qian was a little confused.

Before Huang Yueying stopped breathing, she urged the middle-aged craftsmen to quickly demonstrate.

The middle-aged craftsman smiled naively, first bowed to Fei Qiang, and then without saying anything, he sat on the ground, put the rattan box aside, then opened it, and took out some small hammers and small clips. And some iron pieces, and even a small stove or something...

The middle-aged craftsman skillfully raised a charcoal fire in the small stove, then took a small pot and put it on the fire. He also took out a small piece of silver and started burning it. Although the melting point of silver is not too high, it is still It burned for a short while, but fortunately the silver nugget was not big. Under constant heating, it gradually began to melt.

The middle-aged craftsman took a few iron sheets, which seemed to have some grooves on them, and then poured the molten silver liquid in the crucible onto these iron troughs.

The silver liquid left the fire source and quickly cooled down, forming slender silver rod-like shapes on the iron trough...

"Well..." Fei Qian pinched the thin, fluffy beard on his chin, somewhat understanding Huang Yueying's intention, and began to make calculations in his heart.

The middle-aged craftsman did not stop, took a small hammer, and while the silver was not completely cold, he hammered it carefully again, obviously to make the silver rod more uniform, and then waited for the silver rod to cool to a certain extent. He took out one of them and took out a thick iron plate. There seemed to be a lot of small holes on the iron plate...

this is……

Brushed board!

Fei Qian's mind seemed to be struck by something, yes, brushed board! This most primitive hand-drawn mold was an important tool in the Han Dynasty to make jade clothing with gold threads!

Otherwise, how could such thin silver and gold wires be knocked out one by one?

Sure enough, the middle-aged craftsman tapped the silver rod to a point, then placed it on the drawing board. Using a small plier, he started to pull it up bit by bit, and then changed it to a smaller round hole, and repeated it three or two times. , what was originally a thin silver rod has now become a circle of silver wire...

Fei Qian squatted in front of the middle-aged craftsman and picked up the small circle of silver wire...

Yes, why do you always think about getting it right in one step?

Separate the wire drawing steps. First, use a mold to make a thin iron rod. There is no problem with this. Then, use a drawing plate, borrow water conservancy transmission, and reciprocate to draw the iron rod into wire bit by bit, and then as thin as After a certain level, you can even use simple equipment such as pulleys and rollers to further refine it...

Of course, there are still some problems, such as the melting point of iron is higher than that of gold and silver, and at this stage, there is no material with a higher melting point and a harder shape than iron to serve as a drawing board, but this is not a big problem. Heating and cooling are originally Not to mention heating, which is a compulsory course for blacksmiths. Coking coal is enough to provide sufficient heat. If cooling is not possible, the cooling method of later generations of computers can be used. Whether it is air cooling or water cooling, there is no big problem.

This is the case with many things. When you have no ideas, you have no idea how to deal with it. But after you have a way, you only need to deal with the difficulties that will arise around this way, and you can hope to achieve your goals.

Fei Qian finally laughed, stood up, bowed his hands to the middle-aged craftsman, thanked him, then turned to Huang Yueying and said: "Thank you too..."

Huang Yueying was a little happy, but also a little embarrassed. She twisted a little, suddenly remembered something, and blurted out: "Ah, it's broken, the soup is cold now..."

In addition, the word steel in Indian Sanskrit is "cinaja", which means "born from Qin". Qin refers to China, which shows the influence of Chinese steel on India. In 1961, a steel knife was unearthed from an ancient tomb in Nara Prefecture, Japan. The inscription stated that it was made during the Zhongping period of the Eastern Han Dynasty (184-189). The "History of the World" edited by Cui Lianzhong believes that after the Eastern Han Dynasty, Chinese iron and steel smelting technology was introduced to Japan. The general route was via the southern Korean Peninsula and Tsushima Island, to Kyushu; and then to Japan from west to east with Kyushu as the center. Most areas.

British science historian Bernard said that China "has been one of the great centers of human civilization and science for many centuries" ("Science in History: Preface to the Chinese Translation", reprinted by Science Press in 1981). This is also true.

However, this process of farming culture and science and technology was interrupted several times during the official integration of ethnic minorities moving south...