Ultimate Scholar

For the study of superconductivity, just like condensed matter physics, there are both experimental and theoretical directions.

The experimental direction of superconductivity research is easy to understand. It is almost equivalent to the research of materials science. Scholars who study this field think about synthesizing room temperature superconductivity every day, so various academic frauds have appeared.

It is common to publish some world-shocking results by using the unspoken rules that the same experimental results are difficult to reproduce.

Of course, there are also some who are trying to develop high-temperature superconductor materials with better performance, so as to replace superconducting materials such as niobium-titanium alloys in the current superconducting material market.

Although there are already high-temperature superconductors such as YBCO, which can reach a superconducting state only with liquid nitrogen, such high-temperature superconductors have not occupied the market because of their technology and nature.

For example, they have problems in the preparation of kilometer-level lengths, and the magnetic field they can provide is limited. The magnetic field that this type of high-temperature copper-based superconductor can provide is only about 0.5T to 3T.

Like the most common place where superconductors are used, that is, nuclear magnetic resonance instruments in hospitals, the required magnetic field strength is relatively high, so high-temperature superconductors such as YBCO are far inferior to niobium-titanium alloys that can provide a maximum of 11.7T. Low-temperature superconductors with strong magnetic fields superconductor.

Of course, for such scientists, their main purpose is to make money.

It is different for scholars in the theoretical direction.

Although they also need to do experiments to verify, their main purpose is to determine the principle of superconductors.

As the professor Wilbur just said, as long as other superconducting principles are discovered, it is destined to be a Nobel Prize in Physics, and this is what scholars who study theories are keen to pursue.

Therefore, research on superconductors has always been very popular.

And Li Mu now belongs to the latter, a scholar who takes a theoretical direction.

The only difference is that he does not pursue the Nobel Prize in Physics like other scholars.

Anyway, he already had comparable achievements.

Now his research on superconductors is more because the detailed technical explanation in his mind reveals the role of dimensional force in it, and this can help him further study the meaning of dimensional force.

...

Use professional tweezers to pick up the YBCO block that has been cooled to the superconducting state by liquid nitrogen, and the fog is still coming out of it.

Li Mu put this piece of YBCO on the magnet ring next to him, and then he could see it floating on the magnet ring, shaking on it.

And after turning the magnet circle around, the YBCO is still in the air, but it still doesn't fall.

"The Meissner effect..."

Li Mu felt slightly emotional in his heart.

With such a miraculous effect, if he was allowed to go to ancient times to show the emperors, wouldn't the positions of national teachers be easily obtained?

But in modern times, it is these miraculous things that make him have a great interest in science.

He shook his head slightly, and then, without talking nonsense, he clamped the YBCO again, and then began to put it into the angle-resolved photoelectron spectrometer, and began to measure the related electronic structure.

Angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy can help scientists analyze the electronic behavior in materials, and can provide very real experimental data to capture interactions and phase transitions that are more accurate than calculation results.

This is very important for scientists.

After putting the YBCO away, Li Mu returned to the computer and started arpes.

Soon, arpes began to emit light to YBCO. The principle of arpes is to use the photoelectric effect to "kick" the electrons in the material by emitting light to the material, and then collect the relevant data of these electrons to Analyze the behavior of electrons in materials.

So to some extent, the analysis of arpes can be regarded as the 2-dimensional surface of the material.

Of course, that's enough for superconductors.

...

Soon, over time, he too had collected all the data he needed before YBCO lost its superconducting state.

"Hmm..." Looking at the collected data, Li Mu didn't forget the YBCO block still in the instrument. After taking out the YBCO first, he sat down at the table next to him and began to process the data.

【Ekin=hv-Φ-|EB|】

[P=hk=√(2mEkin) sin...]

After basically listing out the main analysis results, Li Mu propped up his chin and began to think.

These data are basically not much different from the arpes analysis of YBCO in other papers, and their properties are similar.

But for Li Mu, these people are not enough, because the analysis results of these data do not correspond to the content in the detailed explanation of superconducting material technology in his mind.

"So something is missing."

He mused.

What is missing in the middle?

"According to the content in the detailed technical explanation, in the process of forming superconductivity of this type of high-temperature superconductor, another new electron pair will be formed between electrons, but, due to the higher temperature, these electrons are not like the library. Like that, because the temperature is low enough so the connection is stronger."

"Under high temperature, what they approach is a new state. Although it is a quantum effect like the Cooper pair, from another perspective, the constraints brought by the dimensional force cannot be ignored. ..."

"Um?!"

Suddenly, thinking of Li Mu here, his eyes lit up.

"correct!"

He suddenly picked up the experimental data in his hand, and then carefully read it from the beginning to the end, deeply remembering the data in his mind, and then quickly took a piece of draft paper from the side, and started budget.

"In the previous academic circles, the way of processing these data has always been a bit too monotonous, and it should be changed."

"Statistics, statistics, it's really a perfect subject."

He murmured silently in his heart until finally, his eyes locked on the two sets of data.

"Since electron pairs are formed, under the photoelectric effect, such electron pairs must also be able to find traces from some clues."

"And these two sets of data..."

These two groups seem to have no similar data at all, but Li Mu can see "entanglement" from it.

Physicists can see the phenomenon behind it from the experimental data, of course, this also requires an extremely deep foundation.

Coincidentally, Li Mu has such a foundation.

"Good luck, I found it."

Li Mu smiled slightly, then extracted these two sets of data separately, and processed them again.

"OK, let me find out."

In this high-temperature superconductor, the electron pair formed in the superconducting state is such an electron pair, which is unimpeded in the superconductor, making the magical phenomenon of superconductivity appear in the real world.

Of course, just finding such a group is not enough.

What Li Mu wants to do is to determine the principle of superconductivity, not just discover electron pairs.

He needs to know how this electron pair is formed, as in the BCS theory, which gives a complete account of the formation of Cooper pairs.

"Got to keep collecting data, more data."

No nonsense, Li Mu stood up again, cooled the YBCO again until it entered the superconducting state, and then put it in the arpes, and continued to use the photoelectric effect to collect corresponding data.

Of course, in addition to YBCO, there are several other high-temperature superconductor materials, such as thallium barium calcium copper oxide, etc., and not only these copper-based materials, he also measured the second type of superconductor.

The BCS theory only explains the first type of superconductor, but does not explain the second type of superconductor, and only by explaining the second type of superconductor can it be convenient for him to find the connection between these various types of superconductors, and use it to Determining the unifying principle of superconductivity.

...

In this way, time passed slowly.

For the next few days, he repeated this work, collecting various data, and then processing the data.

Until two weeks later.

It was time for him to apply for the lab.

After finishing the experiment on the last day, Li Mu started to tidy up the laboratory, and at the same time, the door of the laboratory was opened.

George Evans walked in.

As the director of the laboratory, he needs to come back to check and accept each time the laboratory is used to ensure that there will be no malfunctions of the instruments or the like.

"Hey, Professor Li."

He smiled and greeted, and then he also looked at the scene, "It seems that the professor doesn't use these instruments very much."

Li Mu spread his hands: "Basically, I only need arpes, and I don't need any other instruments."

After all, only Arpes can help him accurately observe the electronic behavior in materials.

"That's true." Evans nodded, and then helped Li Mu start cleaning up the laboratory—of course, there was nothing to clean up.

"It seems that Professor Li has achieved considerable results?"

Hearing this question, Li Mu smiled lightly: "It's not bad, just some small achievements, not worth mentioning."

"Really? I don't believe it." Evans shrugged his shoulders. "If the achievements made by Professor Li are only small achievements, then I guess the theory of relativity, or quantum mechanics, or the Langlands program are just some small achievements." case."

However, at this time, a familiar voice came in from the door again.

"It seems that Professor Li's experimental results are not very satisfactory?"

That Professor Wilbur walked in again.

"Professor Li, superconductivity is really not that easy to study. Of course, the promise I made to you at the beginning is still valid now. Join us to study the principle of room temperature superconductivity. We have achieved certain results. If you don't believe me, I can even briefly reveal our current achievements to you, and then you can consider whether to join us."

Evans was taken aback: "Professor Wilbur, why are you here again?"

Every time he came in, not long after he recovered, this Wilbur came in.

Wilbur waved his hands, as if playing an accordion: "Don't pay attention to this detail, I just came to take a look in advance, the laboratory that our team will use next."

"Professor Li, what do you think of my proposal just now? I am sincerely inviting you."

"Even, we may send out our paper after the results of this experiment are completed. This is your last chance to join us."

"Nobel Prize~" Wilbur opened his hands and made a gesture of shaking his head.

Li Mu twitched the corner of his mouth, and refused without hesitation: "Uh... sorry, I'm really not interested in this matter."

He still feels that the things in his hands have a higher probability of winning the Nobel Prize.

After looking at the situation in the laboratory, he then said to Evans next to him: "Director Evans, since the laboratory has been packed and my experiment has been completed, don't bother me, I will wait I will go to the laboratory management office to hand over the key later."

"Okay, go ahead." Evans nodded.

Then Li Mu didn't talk nonsense, walked past Wilbur, and finally left here.

Seeing Li Mu leave, Wilbur shook his head: "I thought Professor Li would be interested in room-temperature superconductors, but I didn't expect it..."

Evans in the laboratory shook his head with a smile: "Interested in room temperature superconductivity? Professor Wilbur, I don't think many people will believe in this thing. We don't even have samples of room temperature superconductors yet. How can you do it?" Deduce the principle of room temperature superconductivity?"

"Before the birth of the atomic bomb, people thought the same way."

Wilbur waved his hand: "Practice can guide theory, and the same theory can guide practice. Director Evans, if you are on my team, you should understand, but unfortunately, you are not."

Then, he looked at the time, "I should go too, we will be here on time tomorrow."

Then, he also left here.

Watching him leave, Evans shook his head, "Superconducting at room temperature?"

If Wilbur could really figure out the principle of room-temperature superconductivity—he looked at the can of liquid nitrogen in his hand—he would just gulp it down.

...

Li Mu, who returned to the office, also took out all the experimental data he had completed in the past half month.

A total of thousands of data, I believe, is enough for his analysis and research.

Taking out his pen and scratch paper, he started his calculations again.

The next analysis will take a certain amount of time, about a week or so. Of course, what he lacks most now is time.

The office was quiet, only the sound of brushing and writing was left.

His office has always been quiet, and no one will disturb him often. No one knows whether the man in this good office is creating academic miracles again.

until a week later.

...

"finished."

The pen in his hand stopped, and the draft paper in front of him was already piled up in a thick pile.

"If nothing wrong..."

"The fundamental principle of all superconductivity lies in—"

With a flick of his pen, he wrote a formula on the draft paper.

【H=∑kσξkCkσ+1/N∑kk`...】

"That's it."

This seemingly complicated formula has five terms in total, the first term includes kinetic energy and chemical potential, the second term describes the generation and annihilation of electron pairs, and the latter three terms are constraints, and Running through these items, there is another condition that must be ignored, that is the existence of dimensional force.

"The lower the temperature, the easier it is to express the dimensional force, so there are many superconductors at low temperatures, but under special conditions, the confinement effect of the dimensional force can also be stimulated."

"Therefore, as the structure of the material changes and the temperature increases, the properties of superconductivity also change."

"And the most fundamental reason for superconductivity lies in..."

When Li Mu's thoughts reached here, suddenly, his cell phone rang.

He frowned. At this time, who would be calling?

When he saw the phone number, he was taken aback. Is it George Parisi?

"Professor Parisi, what's the matter?"

"Professor Li, have you read the theory of superconductivity?"

"What are you talking about?"

Li Mu was taken aback.

What superconductivity theory?

Or...George Parisi also knew he was working on superconductivity?

Seeing that Li Mu didn't seem to know it at all, George Parisi was stunned: "Huh? You don't know yet? It's that Professor Wilbur of Oxford University who led a team to come up with a theory of superconductivity at room temperature. Looks pretty decent."

"He used a relatively simple mathematical treatment method, and at the same time added the factor of dimensional force, and then found that at room temperature, a superconducting material structure can be formed."

"You're in Oxford, so I thought about asking you."

"Wilbur...?"

Li Mu raised his brows, this one, what tricks did he really come up with?