Universe dominance

In the void of the solar system, a huge planet is constantly moving around the sun as it has been for a long time in the past. However, unlike most planets in the solar system, the autobiographical direction of this planet is actually from east to west. Completely opposite to the Earth, on Mars, the sun rises in the west and sets in the east.

Mars is slowly advancing along its own orbit, and the "Ocean" spacecraft is getting closer and closer to Mars. When it is about 2 days away from Mars, the reverse deceleration plasma engine on the spacecraft starts to work, and the spacecraft The speed begins to decrease continuously so that it can be captured by the gravity of Mars.

"Didi~~" Although there is still one day away from Mars, the scientists led by Li Fu have begun to work in full. All the instruments are turned on, and all the data about Mars will be obtained soon.

While on Earth, scientists can measure distant celestial bodies using various instruments such as astronomical telescopes, and the data is very accurate. Scientists from Fuyun Group are so close to Mars, so there is no problem at all. And more accurate data can be obtained.

Mars has a mass of 6.4219×10kg, which is about 1/10 of the Earth and 9 times that of the Moon (this place can also reflect the importance of the moon to humans, the nearest planet to you is only 9 times heavier than the moon), The diameter is half that of the Earth, the volume is only 15% of the Earth, and the surface area is only the size of the Earth's land area.

The surface gravity is about 2.5 times that of the moon and 2/5 that of the earth. This means that an ant weighing 2 kilograms can be lifted on the earth, but it can lift an object weighing 5 kilograms on Mars (well, ants can lift that heavy Something? Author bacteria).

The autobiographical period is 24.6229 hours, while the Earth's is 23 hours, 56 minutes and 3 seconds, which means that a Mars day is half an hour more than 24 hours; the revolution period is 687 days, and the Earth's revolution period is 365.24219 days, which means that a Mars year is The time is 687 days. People on Earth are about to spend 2 years, and Mars is just over a year old.

Compared with the earth, which has only one smaller brother, the moon, Mars has two satellites, Phobos and Deimos. However, the mass of the smaller satellites is not at the same level. Mars has many satellites that can only be regarded as large-sized meteorites. The shapes are very irregular, not even a ball, really not even a ball. The mass of the two satellites is not enough to form enough gravity to shape their own image. They are completely different from our moon. grade.

The orbit of Mars is elliptical, so where it receives sunlight, the temperature difference between perihelion and aphelion is nearly 160 degrees Celsius, which has a huge impact on the climate of Mars.

The average temperature on Mars is about minus 63 degrees, but there is a huge temperature difference from minus 133 degrees in winter to nearly 27 degrees during the day in summer. That is to say, most of the time here it is colder than the coldest North and South Pole on the earth. The coldest time even reaches minus 133 degrees, and the hottest time is only 27 degrees. The temperature difference changes so much that even Mr. Penguin said he would be It's freezing, let alone humans. It's too cold here. Let's go back to Earth.

The density of Mars' atmosphere is only about 1% of that of Earth. It is very dry and low in temperature. The average surface temperature is minus 55°C. Water and carbon dioxide are easy to freeze. The main components of the atmosphere are carbon dioxide (95.3%) plus nitrogen (2.7%) and argon. It is composed of gas (1.6%) and trace amounts of oxygen (0.15%) and water vapor (0.03%).

The main components of the earth's atmosphere are nitrogen, accounting for 78.1%; oxygen accounting for 20.9%; argon accounting for 0.93%; and a small amount of carbon dioxide and rare gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, radon). and water vapor.

By comparison, we found that the atmospheric composition of Mars is too high in carbon dioxide and almost negligible in oxygen. There is not much difference in the rare gases. It is not suitable for the survival of people on earth at all. There is little atmosphere and the oxygen content is too low!

…

"Can this place really be transformed into a place suitable for human habitation? It is simply impossible!" Faced with such harsh conditions, even the omnipotent scientists shook their heads. It was too difficult!

"It's difficult to be interesting. We scientists want to accomplish the impossible!" Li Fu saw other scientists shaking their heads and quickly cheered everyone up.

"Li Fu, everything else about Mars is fine. I think the atmosphere and water are the biggest test. When the temperature is low, we try to increase the light and increase the temperature by setting up reflectors in space, but the water and atmosphere..."

Li Fu's teacher Liu Yi couldn't help but shake his head when he looked at the data of each item on Mars.

"Don't worry, let's take a look at the North and South Pole of Mars. The reflectivity here is very high. Maybe as Uncle Sam scientists estimate, there really is solid carbon dioxide here, and maybe there is water in its deep layers. The existence of water, and if you look at the traces left by ancient lakes and rivers on Mars, I think it is very likely that there is indeed water on Mars!" Compared to others, Li Fu seemed more confident.

"The temperature is so low, even if there is liquid, it is not necessarily water!" Liu Shiying also shook his head and objected to Li Fu's optimism. This is what scientists are like, I don't care who you are, as long as you can't convince me, If you can't come up with real evidence, I dare to oppose you.

"Whether there is water or not, we won't know tomorrow. Then we can go directly to Mars to get some samples and come back to find out!" Li Fu talked and laughed.

As we get closer to Mars, the data obtained by scientists are constantly being revised. The red Mars slowly enlarges. Because of the thin atmosphere, the surface of Mars can be clearly observed from space. The whole planet is red and yellow.

Mars is basically a desert planet, with sand dunes and gravels all over the surface. Mars is relatively inactive in geology. Most of the surface landforms were formed in ancient, more active periods. There are dense craters, volcanoes and canyons, including the highest mountain in the solar system - Mount Olympus and the largest canyon - Mariner Canyon.

Another unique topographic feature is the stark difference between the northern and southern hemispheres, with ancient, cratered highlands in the south and younger plains in the north.

At the same time, as seen before, there is a thick polar cap at the north and south poles of Mars. As for the ingredients, scientists have been able to determine it, which is dry ice and water!

"There is really water on Mars!" After being confirmed, many scientists, including Liu Yi, were overjoyed. The question that has been bothering earth scientists for hundreds of years has finally been answered accurately.

You must know that since the last century, when human beings shifted their attention from the earth to the interstellar universe, Mars has always been a planet suitable for future immigrants in human imagination, and the debate over whether there is water on Mars has also been bothering people on the earth. Scientists, countries such as Uncle Sam and Big Polar Bear have even launched many probes to Mars.

However, due to technical and long distance issues, the question of whether there is water on Mars has not been accurately answered.

Now, scientists who have reached the orbit of Mars can finally confirm that the polar caps covering the north and south poles of Mars really contain water, and the water content should not be small.

"There really is water!" Li Fu, who also received the accurate information, also had a smile on his face. To transform the planet for immigration, the real and most urgent need is water! As long as there is water, other conditions can be modified using scientific means, but if there is no water, everything is in vain!

It is impossible to transport water from the earth. You must know that even with the huge size of the "Ocean", it cannot transport much water at a time, and this amount of water is insignificant for a planet.

"If all the ice on Mars melts, it can increase the density of the current Martian atmosphere by 20 times, which is 20% of the density of the Earth's atmosphere. At the same time, it will also be able to obtain about 10,000 cubic kilometers of water, which is only 1% of the Earth's fresh water resources. /35, 1/130000 of the earth’s water resources!”

Li Quanjiang frowned and calculated the water resources on Mars. There is water on Mars, but it is too little! There are only 1/35 of the earth’s fresh water resources and one hundred and thirty thousand of the earth’s water resources. It’s too little!

With such a small amount of water resources, apart from all kinds of water that cannot be used and are dispersed into the air, there will be even less water that can be used by humans!

There was water, but the amount was too little, which made the scientists who had just become happy shake their heads again!

On the other hand, the density of the atmosphere can be increased by 20 times. This is very good. You must know that the ice here is basically composed of dry ice and water. After melting them, carbon dioxide can rise into the atmosphere, increasing the density of the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is also a greenhouse. Gas, which is very helpful in raising the temperature of Mars.

"Li Fu, there is too little water, and the mud is not enough. The carbon dioxide content in the polar caps at the north and south poles of Mars is too high, and the water content is too little." Liu Shiying said with a helpless smile, what he said was not the same as mud. It means that water evaporates and then falls on Mars in the form of precipitation.

"Things need to be looked at from two sides. There is water on Mars, and there may be liquid water under the thick northern and southern ice caps of Mars. Then primitive life may be found."

Compared with the disappointment of others, Liu Yi was very happy. Although the water content of Mars is small, there is still water after all. If there is water, there may be life. This is very useful for his research on the origin of life and extraterrestrial life. help.

"Unless there is still a lot of water underground on Mars, the water discovered on Mars alone will not be enough to transform Mars into a planet suitable for human habitation!" Liu Shiying shook his head, still obsessed with whether he could transform Mars into a planet suitable for human habitation. New cradle.

"If Mars is to be transformed into a planet suitable for human habitation, the water resources required will at least cover the plains of the northern hemisphere of Mars. The water resources required will be at least 30 times that of today. In other words, all the fresh water on the earth will be needed. It’s enough to move here.”

"Don't worry, there will be bread, there will be houses, and there will naturally be water." Li Fu said with certainty. A large amount of water was discovered on Mars, so scientists estimate that Jupiter's satellites contain a large amount of water resources. Most of the things are not wrong.

Water resources exist widely in the universe. Some studies believe that Europa, a satellite of Jupiter, contains several times more water resources than the water resources on the entire earth.

PS: Please vote for anything!