bloom america

At more than 6 o'clock, the kidney pain. When I went to the hospital, it was the kidney stones fell down and turned into urine stones.

Hanging the needle was halfway and found that I couldn't catch it, so I rushed back the code word.

Someone can't win, I'm sorry, please look at it for a little more than half an hour ...

Nympho

"Excuse me, you ... is it?"

Halot looked at the person in front of him a little.

Sean nodded politely at the other party.

"As you see, I am Sean, Sean."

The name Sean, of course, Harold knew that this person's name was that of that person.

Although Captain America is the name of a superhero, everyone knows what the name means in reality.

This person is Sean.

In other words, the disappeared Sean.

However, what shocked Harold was unlimited, now that the person who should have died now appeared in front of himself.

After getting the news of the disappearance of the other party, Americans are very shocked.

Even many people feel sorry for the death of Sean.

Harold naturally thought that the other party was dead.

But the fact is that this person now appears in front of himself.

"You are Sean 0 Kangte!"

Harold is a little surprised, or is very shocked.

"It's me."

"But you should have ..."

"Already dead?" Sean smiled at each other.

Harold nodded.

"In fact, I live well. And Dr. Harot. This time, I came here to make a special trip for you and your research. We think your research is very valuable and feasible.

important."

"Wait ..." Halot is obviously a little messy.

"Please come in first."

Harold signaled to let the other party come in first.

When the two were sitting on the sofa, Harold could not help but ask questions: "Mr. Kangte, we all know, you have died on the battlefield in Iraq. But why are you now ..."

"In fact. I am working for a certain organization now, and the person who saved me is the member of the organization. The purpose of our organization is for the well -being and the future of human beings. So we think you are very suitable for you to come.

Leading our plan. "

Why does it sound like those organizations in conspiracy theories ...?

"What organization? Why do I need me? I'm just a researcher."

"Please don't say that, Dr. Harot." Sean looked at each other: "In various senses, your research is very amazing."

Harold's last life was engaged in these studies. But the changes in history are reflected here.

Because of the advance development of computers, this world already has a super computer with practical value at this time, and the North American Computer Center is a precedent for history, which greatly facilitates the current computers.

The North American Computer Center's daily application is tightly lined up. Such things have absolutely no happening in history -even in the last life, there is no North American computer center ...

"Well, I admit that my research may be a bit different, but I want to ask clearly, what organization do you come from? Also, Mr. Kangte, forgive me, you should be the missing person now?"

Sean didn't speak. Instead, he took out a test tube.

Then he handed the test tube to Harold.

"Development code‘ A ’, a pharmacy studied by the Honeycomb Lab, has very powerful functions, can cure almost all diseases, and has a strong promotion effect on the human body.

Harold's hand trembled, and he immediately clenched the test tube.

"That legendary code a ?!"

Yes, code a.

Perhaps for ordinary people, this is a mysterious thing, but for many people, this thing is true.

Of course, there are also those who know this, but have never seen it before.

Just like Harold.

As a authoritative figure in biology, Harold's theory may be controversial, but it is undeniable that the research of Harold has indeed brought many that can even be called shocking to this world.

Discovery.

"Are you ... the people of the Ark?!"

Strictly speaking, the honeycomb laboratory belongs to the umbrella, but the current umbrella also belongs to the Ark Group. In this sense, the Honeycomb Lab is considered to belong to the Ark Group, and it is understandable.

"Yes, not. I belong to a more powerful organization. The goal of this organization is to make humans the ultimate and greatest life."

"I don't quite understand what you mean."

Harold has some doubts.

Because so far, the other party has not told Harold the purpose of the plan.

"As a kind of creature, there are many defects. Genetic diseases can erode us, aging will make us feel more energetic, and one amputation means the news of the beautiful future ... But all these can be changed ... It is you, Harold

Professor is your research that brings us a new gospel. We humans should have a better future. "

Sean said to the other party sincerely: "We will provide Professor Harold you with a series of technologies and technologies including a large laboratory, more than one billion US dollars, and the world's most advanced supercomputer.

You will get the richest manpower, material resources and all the resources you need. ""

After saying these words, Professor Harold was contemplated: "If we start researching now, we may take fifty years to break through ... but unfortunately, I may not live that day."

"—— No, you can. As long as you want."

Can you?

Harold couldn't help but look at the test tube in his hand.

This small test tube, the things inside, can be tens of millions, even hundreds of millions of dollars.

Yes, you can.

As the other party said, if there is such a presence, it can indeed be done.

"Products code A, we can also provide you with infinite quantities."

This is the heaviest bomb.

"I ... I need to know who you are, I can't help you somehow."

Harold is already tempted.

He can't help it.

"Seele."

Sean said the name of this organization.

"'Soul of the Soul' is an organization that has always existed since the past. The seat of the soul has been regulating the development of human beings behind the scenes, but now they have decided to start involving themselves."

Nympho

School district.

Babeta Engineering Experimental Base.

At this time, biologists are in the final sequencing of the genome of the human body.

Due to conditions limit, compared to the human genome plan of the original world, this Babel project is actually very slow.

This is caused by the current surveying and mapping conditions.

… Please read it after a little bit, work hard code ing ...

When a biologist is given the sequence of the genome, there seems to be no "parent" in each species that there are as many as 13 genes, nor does it belong to any "family". However, some of these "orphan genes"

A small part seems to have played an important role in the evolution of the human brain.

But where do they come from? These genes are not obvious ancestors, as if they were born out of thin air, but this is obviously impossible. Everyone thinks that as we know more and more.

"It will be discovered by us. Unfortunately, the fact is exactly the opposite.

Since we discovered genes, biologists have explored their origin. When life was just emerging, the original genes must be occasionally produced. However, it is almost certain. Life originated in the RNA world. Therefore, at that time, genes were impossible.

Just as a blueprint, the enzyme used to create a chemical reaction -gene itself was enzyme. If there is a random process to produce a small section of RNA, which can help it better replicate itself, then natural choices will immediately take effect.

However, with the evolution of living cells. Things have become good. The gene has become a DNA coding protein. To produce a protein, you must first transcribe the corresponding DNA RNA copy.

This process cannot happen. The so -called "DNA switch" is a small cut that DNA is extra with an additional additional fragments of protein, expressing the meaning of "transcribing this DNA into RNA". Then, RNA must enter the protein production workshop

. In complex cells, this process requires more additional sequences on RNA, which is used as a label to represent "translating me out" and "starting protein from here".

One result brought by such complexity is that the chance of turning a section of garbage DNA into a new gene through random mutations seems to be very, very small.

?? OISJACOB) The famous assertion states: "The combination of amino acids to form a functional protein from the beginning, this possibility is actually zero."

However, some people have proposed that a single gene may be generated when genetic copying errors, and the entire gene family can be produced. This process is like a long time in the animal world. A species differentiates a large "family" is close

Different species of kinship. In the entire gene, copying errors is a common thing. Surgery copy is usually lost, but sometimes there are replicas and primitive genes have the same function, or a new feature is differentiated.

In the case of light sensing protein, we have a variety of visual proteins in our eyes. They are not only related to each other, but also have a close relationship with other animals (from jellyfish to insects).

The visual protein genes all come from the replication of the same gene. The ancestral gene can be traced back to about 700 million years ago.

Most genes belong to a gene family, and similar genes in the family share a common ancestor, dating back millions of years. However, just about 15 years ago, when the yeast genome was sequenced, it was discovered that

There are about 13 yeast genes that do not seem to have any genes in the same family. The term "orphan" is used to describe those genes that are unique, or a small group of genes that are very similar but have no known homologues.

Ken Weiss, who studies the evolution of complex traits at Pennsylvania State University in the United States, said: "If you see a gene and can't find its 'relatives', you will feel a little suspicious." Some people have suggested that orphan genes are quite similar.

A living fossil in genetics, like the coelacanth, the last survivor of an ancient family. Others believe that orphan genes are nothing special and are just ordinary genes, but that other members of their family have not yet been discovered.

After all, whole-genome sequencing was just getting started at that time.

However, as more and more organisms undergo genome sequencing, "happy endings" in which orphan genes find their families are rarely seen. So far, in every species that has been sequenced, whether it is mosquitoes or humans,

Roundworms and rats. Orphan genes have been discovered, and their numbers are growing.

Right now, the study of orphan genes is in its infancy, and we know very little about most of them. What we do know about them involves a variety of functions. Some are related to DNA repair and organization, and some control

affects the activity of other genes. There is a species of insect called

The orphan gene of flightin encodes a muscle wing protein that is beneficial to insect flight. In 2012, Long Manyuan's team at the University of Chicago published a study and found that two insect orphan genes that have evolved recently help

Drosophila develop foraging behavior.

Animals such as corals, jellyfish, and hydras have stinging cells. Once this complex and exquisite structure is stimulated, it will emit poisonous stinging wires to paralyze the prey, and the development of this cell is controlled by the orphan gene. The mouth of freshwater hydra

There are tentacles for feeding around, and the development of the tentacles is also controlled by an orphan gene. The anti-freeze gene of Arctic cod is also an orphan gene, allowing this fish to survive in the cold Arctic Ocean.

Interestingly, orphan genes are often expressed in the testicles and brain (the so-called "expression" refers to the protein encoded in the gene being produced). Recently, some people have boldly speculated that the evolution of the human brain may be attributed to orphan genes. 2011

In 2016, Long Manyuan and colleagues identified 198 orphan genes expressed in the anterior lining of humans, chimpanzees, and orangutans.

In the frontal lobe. This is a brain area related to high-level cognitive functions. Among these genes, 54 are unique to humans. From an evolutionary perspective, these are young genes, with less than 25 million.

Years ago, their appearance seemed to coincide with the expansion of the prefrontal lobes of primates. Long Manyuan said: "This suggests that these new genes are related to the evolution of the brain."

There are also critics who believe that most genes, whether old or new, are related to the way the brain operates to some extent, and that correlation does not prove a causal link. However, Long Manyuan cited a recent animal study to support his assertion.

The theory. Expressing the human orphan gene srgap2c in the neurons of developing mice does not make the mouse brain larger, but it does make the structure in the nerve cells that connects with adjacent cells ─ dendritic spines (d

endriticspine) grow denser. Long Manyuan believes that more connections between nerve cells may enhance the brain's computing power. Therefore, these recently evolved human genes may have played a role in shaping the human brain.

"I think we have underestimated the role of orphan genes," says geneticist Diethardtautz of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology in Germany.

There are feeding tentacles around the mouth of freshwater hydra, and the development of the tentacles is controlled by the orphan gene. Image source: 33rdsquare

start from scratch

But where did these genes come from? In 2003, Tautz and a colleague proposed that the orphan gene was also duplicated, but then it evolved so quickly that it became unrecognizable and no longer resembled the original gene.

There were no similarities. And they did find evidence that seemed to support this idea. They showed that orphan genes in fruit flies evolve three times faster than non-orphan genes.

In this way, orphan genes were shoved into the old model of "genes arise from duplication." However, later research pointed out that only a small proportion of the origins of orphan genes could be explained by this theory. Therefore, although this process

It's obviously important, but it's not the whole story of the orphan gene. "The idea seemed to make sense at the time," Tautz said. "Because the other scenario seemed so unlikely."

Is there another option? The only other possibility is that genes can indeed be created from scratch, from random splicing combinations of non-coding DNA. This is an idea that has long been considered unrealistic, because from non-coding DNA

The span of time to discover a gene that can produce useful proteins is too great, and the possibility is extremely slim. However, nature just doesn’t follow common sense.

Years ago, people gradually found evidence that yeast, rice, mice and fruit flies all have "de novo" genes. By 2009, David Knowles and Aoife from the University of Dublin in Ireland.

Mike Lysaght proved that three orphan genes in humans were really created from scratch.

They found that the DNA sequences of these three orphan genes were almost identical to those already found in several other primates, except that the latter were non-coding DNA. This means that these genes must have been formed when humans and chimpanzees parted ways on their evolutionary paths.

Later, their research also showed that these orphan genes are transcribed into RNA and then translated into proteins in multiple human tissues. However, the functions of these genes are currently unclear.

In 2011, another team reported the discovery of 60 more de novo human orphan genes. McLissatte thought that number might be a little too high—she believed that synthesizing genes from scratch was a rare phenomenon.

However, other researchers are beginning to think that the phenomenon may be surprisingly common. M. Maralbà and Macarena Tor-Riera of the Municipal Fund Medical Research Institute in Barcelona, ​​Spain

(macarenatollriera) conducted a study of 270 primates

analyzed the orphan genes of the order. It was found that only 14 could be explained by the theory of rapid evolution after duplication). In contrast, about 60% of the genes appeared to be completely new. "De novo evolution is clearly a powerful force that continues to evolve over time."

New genes are produced," Tautz said. "It seems likely that most of the orphan genes evolved de novo."

But how is this possible? Nocus and McLezat found that the orphan genes they found were close to the existing old genes, and they were slightly overlapped. Therefore

"Switch of the old gene. Similar, Alba and Thor -Riera also found that the 270 spiritual orphan genes have obtained some sequences from the" transpressive "gene.

It can also jump around in the genome. At the same time, the ENCODE project published a paper in the ENCODE project in the human genome stating that our DNA scattered hundreds of millions of useful short switch pie

Gene.

"People will get sick, bacteria can also, although the bacteria are small, they can be infected by a smaller virus -phage."

Jenny bit the chocolate stick in his mouth.

"The phage is like a small syringe, insert the needle into the bacteria, and forcibly inject its own genetic material into the bacteria, so that the bacteria will become a biological factory and create more phage."

Catherine nodded: "The germs are all done."

"Under normal circumstances, the bacteria that are sick, that is, bacteria infected by phage, will eventually die, but there are exceptions ..." Jenny's corner of his mouth showed a smile, but what was the feeling of this malicious scientist ...??

"Some sturdy bacteria may domesticate the phage, making the phage become an ally of the bacteria. The sturdy bacteria will integrate the genome of the phage into their genomes to help them resist the harsh environment or resist antibiotics.

bacteria."

Super bacteria, of course, Catherine knew it. In the 21st century, this stuff was once full of noise.

Super bacteria have caused a lot of waves in India and other places because of the invalid antibiotics.

"After the phage invades the bacteria, they will replicate themselves in two ways. The first method is barbaric violence. After the phage invades bacteria, it seizes resources, and a large number of new phage is replicated.

The method is peaceful. The phage DNA penetrates into the genome of the bacteria and becomes part of the bacterial genome. When the bacteria reproduce, they reproduce at the same time.

The new phage is a completely hidden copy mode, but it is very mild. "

"In this case, the mitochondria in the human body are actually likely to be a similar, domesticated phage ... of course, maybe it is another life or something."

Jenny said so much. Then he turned his head to look at Catherine: "The existence of the change of protein is likely to be a kind of virus, the essence is protein. But as a result, you have domesticated your body, and then transformed into DNA and stored it ..."

When talking about changing protein, Catherine was really interested.

"Think about it. How strange the change of protein is, the cells that can penetrate the human body without obstacles -obviously it is such a large protein body. Moreover, change protein can read the human body DNA, and then realize the human body to realize the human body.

Self -repair ... If this human DNA is replaced with something else, what kind of situation is it? "

If you change to something else ...

For example, virus?

Indeed, change protein can be used as a variety of catalysts.

Because change protein can restore people's health, this is a very powerful existence.

However, if the change protein is not a kind of existence for the existence of the human body, but a virus, what will happen?

First, this virus can invade the body of the human body or what kind of life, and then this virus can forcibly use the lives of the host to maintain their development ...

It's terrible.

But there is no doubt that if the change protein is really a virus, maybe this is the case.

"Kate, the plan you mentioned last time with me. I think it is very feasible. Life itself can integrate other lives. If we create a basic DNA program, we can completely let this program be for ourselves for ourselves

Evolution, we only need to provide it with the simplest template ... this is fine ... "

Well, Catherine for the first time how cute the study of distortions.

Catherine was just to find a way to transfer Jenny's attention.

But Catherine never thought that Jenny really had his own thoughts now ...

"The phage DNA in the bacterial genome is called the original phage. After the bacteria are copied many times, they may mutate and produce a new phage.

If the phage is mutated, it cannot be replicated to produce phage, so it becomes a genetic fossil mark, which is always staying in the bacterial genome, marking that the bacteria have been infected with phage, but the phage has been inactivated. "

"Genetic fossil marks are called hidden pre -phage, which may occupy a ratio of one -fifth of the bacterial genome. The existence of hidden forefragus is puzzling. Bacteria are famous and the genome is very compact, but why they are what they are

There are still wandering harmful foreign viruses DNA? Why? "Why?"

What Jenny said was also Catherine's question.

Many people think that there are many redundant DNA on the human body. The actual situation should be similar to this.

Catherine's original sense of crisis was unknowingly brought to other places by Jenny's words ...

"We found all the 9 invisible phage in E. coli, and carefully removed these phage DNA from the bacterial genome. So, we have to verify whether there are redundant DNAs, but the result surprised us very surprisingly

""

"What happened?"

Catherine asked immediately.

"We found that the survival of bacteria seems to be worse. When the redundant DNA of the phage is eliminated, under normal conditions, there is not much abnormality in the growth of bacteria, but it is slightly slower than that of the phage DNA strain growing slightly.

When encountering some harsh environments, the bacteria without phage DNA perform badly. They have enhanced 400 times the sensitivity of antibiotics, and they died quickly under extremely salty or acidic conditions.

You secrete the film for protecting the bacteria). ".". "." "

Jenny shook her head.

Catherine is crooked.

How does this product have so much similarity with the passive skills in the game?

"In most cases, the bacteria that are eliminated by the phage DNA have become very fragile, which indicates that the phage DNA may be an important part of the bacterial genome.

They have important significance for the survival of bacteria. To some extent, the bacteria have domesticated the phage DNA and let the phage DNA serve the bacteria. "

This is what Jennie puts forward from the beginning.

"There are some specific cases here to prove that the Bacterial DNA helps bacteria to improve infectivity_ E.coli is usually harmless, but when it absorbs some phage, it may become a monster that causes dysentery to cause dysentery

When it happens. The same phage can bring two genes to bacteria, allowing bacteria to produce Veosor's toxins. Phaebolia carrying CTX can cause CTX toxin to cause cholera.

The addition of phage is found. In these examples, the DNA of the phage will be copied with the reproduction of the bacteria to produce the original phage. Even if it produces a hidden phage, the bacteria can still profit from the phage DNA ... "

Jenny said. I took out the relevant information I collected.

"On the earth, bacteria are very powerful survivors. It can adapt to various environments. From the ocean containing a large amount of oil to a lake with rich arsenic content and the human environment with antibiotics, they can survive.

Planting environment -bacteria are actually using enemy weapons to help them deal with the surrounding environment. "

"But why can't we put it on a higher life?"

Jenny's saying so, Catherine couldn't help swallowing.

"As I said at the beginning, we can completely integrate the new DNA inside our body, which will bring us unparalleled changes. This change will be very wonderful ... very fascinating ..."

"Are you sure you are the human body?"

If Jenny really wants to come like this. Catherine must be resolutely opposed.

There is no doubt.

"Of course ... not. I just said that we can create a basic program that can devour other creatures by ourselves. We use this program to change everything. Isn't it better?

"

"We human beings are already set, unless this example is like Kate, in most cases, human genes can only be obtained by modifying rather than swallowing."

Human genes are a very great and great existence.

In the process of evolution of millions of years, there has never been a life that has developed a technology like modern people, and there is never a life. It has the ability to think and think about human beings.

This is not the life created by God. This is the possibility of one -hundred -billions of hundreds of millions of in the world called the world's greatest Creator in the world.

The life that appears in this way is great and strong. Even if you want to re -make such a life, it is not enough with the current human technology.

However, what Jenny said, but opened another possibility for this kind of life.

What if it was just a simple DNA program that could swallow and integrate genetic information?

What can this life become in the end?

No one can tell, but there is no doubt that if this kind of life can be created, it will definitely be the greatest invention and discovery in human history.

"What you said is very good, but I will never allow it."

Catherine took a deep breath.

"This could have disastrous consequences, Jenny."

"But it is also possible to bring new gospel to the world, Kate. Maybe we can set an upper limit for the program, or a self-destruction program. If so, is it okay?"

Jenny blinked and looked at Catherine.

"ah--"

Catherine hit Jenny directly on the head.

"Then wait until you can design. As for now...it seems that you should have a more important job?"

Catherine looked at each other dissatisfied.

"Maybe, but I think my current ideas can best support my research inspiration."

"Research does not rely on inspiration, Miss White..."

Catherine couldn't help but complain.

"But research without passion and inspiration is absolutely impossible."

Jenny replied.

"But speaking of which, Kate...I may have been able to help you create bird-like flight components..."

"oh?"

After listening for a long time to the bible that was like science fiction and the research that was more dangerous than biohazard, Catherine finally heard something that could be called good news.

"This component allows you to fly in the air like an albatross. Of course, you need to make some preparations before doing so, which may be troublesome."

"What other preparations are there?"

Catherine couldn't wait to ask.

"The set of components I designed, as I told you before, requires the limbs to be replaced with mimic materials."

"Is this really the case?"

Catherine raised an eyebrow.

"Or are you going to let the core body just replace the bones with hollow ones?"

Okay, I take it back, this news cannot be called "good news"...