Harry Potter Morning Light

Jean-Charles Pichegroux, a French general, was born into a peasant family near Arbois. He fought in the American Revolutionary War. In 1783, he served successively as sergeant and sergeant in the First Artillery Regiment. After the outbreak of the French Revolution, he supported the revolution and served as the chairman of the Besançon Jacobin Club. Joined the Revolutionary Army in 1792. He was promoted to major general in 1793 and served as commander of the Rhine Army. In February 1794, he served as the commander of the Northern Army and the Ardennes Army. In 1795, he led the army to occupy Amsterdam, Zeeland, Brabant and The Hague. In April of the same year, he suppressed the Bud Moon Uprising against the National Convention in Paris and served as the commander of the Rhine Army and the Moselle Army. In 1796, he was dismissed because of his close contacts with Prince Condé and accepting huge bribes from him. In April 1797, he was elected to the House of Five Hundred People. In September, he was arrested and exiled in French Guiana during the coup d'état on the 18th of July. He fled to Britain and Germany, and engaged in anti-republic conspiracy activities, and was expelled from Prussia.

Between 1776 and 1782, Boston's policy toward neutral shipping sparked the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War. Even after the American War ended, the Netherlands remained at war with Britain until France agreed to a truce. William V of Orange opposed the war from the very beginning, but he was criticized by thousands of people because of the catastrophic impact of the war. In the 1780s, some Dutch people were influenced by the American Revolution and formed "patriots". The group, the old-fashioned Regent, also responded to the request of the patriots and joined forces with them to oppose the rule of the Orange family. In 1782 Dutch citizens volunteered to form a militia, and they seized power in parts of the republic. Until 1785, the patriots continued to exert pressure to replicate the United States system of the United States, but was rejected by former allies and regents who advocated reform.

In 1787, the balance was suddenly overturned. William V had already been expelled from the Netherlands before, and his wife Wilhelmina of Prussia decided to go to The Hague to summon the regent to support the Orange regime. Her travels were so extravagant that it was difficult not to attract attention, and in the province of South Holland she was stopped by patriotic volunteers in Gouda, who sent someone to the Dutch parliament to find out whether Wilhelmina should be allowed to continue the trip. The Dutch parliament sent her back to Nijmegen, where William V ruled, on the grounds that she had not been issued a pass. The Prussian king considered this an insult to his family and used it as an excuse to invade.

Since the death of William III of Orange in 1702, the Netherlands has entered an era of non-government. At the same time, the Dutch Republic has also lost the opportunity to exercise equal rights with European powers. The Netherlands is just a subsidiary foil when the powers discuss the details of the treaty. This Prussian invasion did not dig the seawall to resist like William of Orange did. Six thousand patriotic volunteers were exiled to France and the South Netherlands. William of Orange regained power in the Republic with the support of Prussia.

At this time, the Southern Netherlands was under the rule of the Habsburgs. When William V returned to power, the Austrian army also came to quell the situation in the Habsburgs Netherlands. The war with Turkey required the Netherlands to join forces against the Prussian invasion of the Netherlands. Joseph II came to power after the death of Maria Theresa in 1780, and in 1783 he ordered the closure of many "useless" monasteries, that is, monasteries that did not run schools or hospitals, and in 1784 he abolished judicial torture and abolished guild restrictions Artisans recruited as many apprentices and day labourers as they wanted, and henceforth artisans could hire labor as they wished, and marriage was declared a civil contract, and burials in churches and churchyards were banned on sanitary grounds.

In short, Joseph II's arbitrariness in interfering with religion, associations and festivals disgusted the people, but the initial resistance was limited to the clergy. In 1787, Joseph II issued a decree to abolish the existing provincial assemblies and courts, and established a central administration and judiciary in Brussels. Organs, a move that sparked a revolt in the province of Brabantine. The Citizens' Militia, long moribund, began to recruit volunteers, joined by patriots exiled from the Netherlands, and the Brabantine Revolution broke out, in which various factions of anti-Joseph II proclaimed the United States of Belgium.

The two leaders of this revolution, lawyers Henri van de Nuit and Jean-François Funk, were respectively influenced by Dutch patriotism and American republicanism and French Enlightenment philosophy. The reason for the disagreement in the United States was the ownership of sovereignty The provinces, or "the whole people," i.e., all property-owned males, followed van der Nuth in local powers deprived by Joseph II, privileges which had previously been in the hands of a few nobles, priests, and wealthy merchants, who It was incompatible with Joseph II, and Joseph II saw the possibility of cooperating with Funk.

After the death of Joseph II, Leopold II of Austria succeeded to the throne and continued the policies of Joseph II. This alliance was quickly disintegrated. In 1790, the Austrian army marched into Brussels. At that time, they had withdrawn from the war with Turkey. Van der Nut fled to London. Funk, who had hoped for the Austrians, realized that he had made a mistake, so he fled to France. It is hoped that France will send troops to intervene in the situation in Belgium.

In 1792, Charles Dumouriez led the French Revolutionary Army into the Austrian Netherlands. He was assisted by Van der Nuth's followers and the "Batavian Army", although the French at that time Neilwinden After the battle, the battle was severely damaged, but the morale was still high, and the road was like a broken bamboo. In December 1794 the French took control of all land west of the Rhine, except the walled Luxembourg, Mainz, and Maastricht, and crossed the glaciers into Holland. At that time, a Dutch fleet anchored at Tethyr Island and was defeated by a group of light cavalry from the ice, and the Republic of Batavia was proclaimed. General Pishkelou continued to lead the "Batavia Legion" to continue the campaign, and finally conquered the entire territory of Belgium in 1795.

Ordinary assassins would think of a way out, and the way of taking poison was only available in the Middle Ages. The conscription in 1798 was related to Napoleon's expedition to Egypt. Although the first anti-French alliance ended at that time and Austria gave up Belgian rule, the Directorate did not trust Napoleon, and the continued conscription triggered the "peasant war". Brabantine, Limburg , Riots broke out one after another. Although this large-scale resistance action was initially successful, it was quickly disintegrated, and many draft dodgers hid in the forest.

Before France issued a conscription order in 1798, a secret organization composed of Habsburg royalists had formed in the Soigne Forest. The leader of the organization, Charlie Jacquesmann, was arrested in 1799 and sent to the guillotine in the main square of Brussels. Became a folk hero.

In Reuven, there was a printer named Peter Kerber, who was captured and executed in 1799. Kerber originally printed Christian literature, but later his job became a disguise. He printed many pamphlets denouncing French tyranny . As a warning, although torture was abolished, the dreaded method of execution was still available. Organized crime in the Republic of Batavia was already rampant in the 1790s. Brussels once sentenced three members of the bandit to death. To punish by wheel.

After waking up, Georgiana found herself in the palace of Margaret of Austria, and her guardian Edgeworth told her what had happened before.

Most of the witches executed in witch hunts will be burned at the stake. It is estimated that no one has compared whether it is more painful to be scorched by the flames or tortured by the wheel.

The low countries are proud of science that is far ahead of Europe, and someone published a book denouncing witchcraft scares. He believes that witches are women who are powerless to harm others except by natural means. However, this book was quickly banned and the author was banned. Forced to change one's position. Martin Del Rio, who once taught in Liege and Leuven, published "The Treatise on Magic" in 1600. It was reprinted 25 times, and to a certain extent replaced "The Hammer of the Witch" and became a tool for judges in the process of trying witches. guide guide.

Maria appeared like an angel of judgment, and yelled in the square again. Maybe the people from the French Ministry of Magic can erase the memory of the city residents, but those hiding in the forest will not. Their pamphlets, gossip would make her a target.

In 1800, France established a unified metric system to replace the different weights and measures that had been used since the Middle Ages. The churches that had not been used for other purposes were reopened, and the maintenance costs were borne by the authorities. In exchange, the church gave up the right to claim back its confiscated properties. , Now we have to add a care for war orphans and widowed mothers, promote the development of Belgian light industry, and also solve the life of war survivors.

She wanted to do these things, but now she's not in the mood.

She has to go to bed when it gets dark, and if there is something to do, I will talk about it at dawn tomorrow, if a group of people with torches and pitchforks didn't rush in in the middle of the night, clamoring to burn her to death.