Harry Potter Morning Light

The Ten Commandments of Moses represent the covenant between man and God. A covenant is a promise or a series of promises. In the Eudocia Basilica, there is a sculpture of Moses carved by Michelangelo, which enshrines the chain Peter wore when he was in Jerusalem.

This chain was brought back from Jerusalem by Valentinian's queen. When the Pope compared the chain with that of St. Peter imprisoned in Rome's Marmerdin Prison, the two chains were seamlessly combined. together.

The chain was then placed in the reliquary at the feet of the Prophet Moses.

The contract is a kind of constraint, and Moses led the Hebrew people to migrate from Egypt to Palestine, freeing them from their slave life.

Many miracles have been accomplished by borrowing divine power. Correspondingly, the Jews must abide by the Ten Commandments of Moses. If they violate the contract between man and God, what will happen?

Men and women swear before the gods to be faithful to each other, and the French nobles play their own way.

Some men look for mistresses, and some look for high-class prostitutes like La Traviata described by Alexandre Dumas. When a man sees her, he will give a gift. Every time a gift is accepted, it is an unwritten contract, but some people pay with money. And she pays the bill with her own body.

La Traviata could have chosen another way of life, but she did not restrain the temptation of material, and she eventually died of tuberculosis.

This disease is still good, at least a little more glorious than syphilis. The polygamy system damages the private ownership of wives, and men cannot accept polyandry, which also damages men’s private ownership of wives. If you are not infringed, the next step is to guard against fraud.

If a woman controls a man's property, he has no money to go out and "gift" to other women. If there is no benefit, which woman is willing to give without complaint or regret?

A mother can do this for her son. The god of love on earth is very secular. The reason why a poor man does not have a wife is because he has no "gifted" property. Sex, money and sex transactions, money and sex transactions are like La Traviata, and power and sex transactions are a means of bribery. This not only involves infringing on the wife's private ownership, but also involves social contracts.

In Rousseau's social contract theory, if the government abuses its power and has a tendency to degenerate, the monarch will inevitably oppress the sovereign and break the social contract. This is an inherent and inherent defect of political entities. This kind of oppression is like Aging destroys the human body as much as death does.

There was no Catholicism in Japan. When Catholicism was introduced to Japan, Buddhism had been implanted in Japanese culture for thousands of years, and it can be said to be deeply rooted.

When the Jesuit missionaries came to Japan, they found that the Japanese were deeply influenced by Buddhist culture, and it was difficult to impress them with Catholic teachings. They had to cleverly use "linguistic falsehood" to deceive the people, making them think that the concepts of Catholicism and Buddhism are actually similar. The people will accept it.

However, firstly, the living habits of the West and the Japanese are very different, and secondly, Japan has developed a complete set of cosmology. It is difficult for the Catholic Creator theory to be inserted into the Japanese cosmology. In front of the knowledgeable monk, he seemed a little weak. However, the most questioned is: "If God is so kind, why did it come to Japan so late? If God is so merciful, why can't he create human beings who can't commit crimes? Why can't the good people get good rewards and let the wicked run rampant?" Don't you?" and so on.

After the change of Honnoji Temple, Toyotomi Hideyoshi successively defeated various hostile forces and became the most powerful daimyo in Japan. Seeing that Japan would eventually be under the rule of Hideyoshi, the missionaries met Hideyoshi one after another and made friends with him. In 1586, Jesuit missionary Floys accompanied Vice-President Gaspar Coelho to inspect various places, and went to Osaka to meet Toyotomi Hideyoshi and presented a large number of gifts. Support for the spread of Catholicism in Japan.

But the good times didn't last long. During Toyotomi Hideyoshi's crusade against Kyushu, he saw the strong influence of Catholicism on Kyushu daimyo and the people, and felt uneasy. He was afraid that it would have the same appeal as Xiangzong, so he immediately promulgated the famous " Missionaries Chasing and Release Order”, Floys and others were forced to leave Kyoto for Kyushu, where the Catholic power is stronger.

Later, Hideyoshi suddenly issued the famous "Bantenren Pursuit Order" that missionaries must leave Japan within a day. On the second day after issuing the Bantenren pursuit order, Hideyoshi ordered Nagasaki and Urakami to be confiscated and became Hideyoshi's direct jurisdiction, and crosses were banned, and heavy taxes were imposed on the citizens of Nagasaki.

Toyotomi Hideyoshi banned religion, in addition to fearing the threat of religion to his rule, there were also personal reasons. He once tried to take a Catholic woman as a concubine but was rejected on the grounds that this was incompatible with the monogamy that Catholicism advocates.

In the first year of Keicho, the Spanish merchant ship San Philip was hit by a storm and drifted to Tosa-Urado. One of the crew members uttered nonsense to Gen Maeda, the governor of Kyoto, who came for a routine inspection, saying that Spain used priests to domesticate the people first, and then conquered them. Hideyoshi was so furious when he heard about this incident that he executed 26 missionaries and Japanese believers of the Franciscan Church in Nagasaki in December of that year. The beginning of Catholic bloodshed.

The son of Masuda Yoshiji, the retainer of President Konishi. His real name is Masuda Tokisada, and his father, Masuda Yoshiji, is the retainer of Konishi Governor. Later Tokisada was adopted by Amakusa Jinbei and renamed Amakusa Tokisada.

After the Sekigahara War, President Konishi was beheaded, the territory was changed, and his retainers scattered and became ronin. Shiro Tokisada lived in Nagasaki Port since he was a child, believed in Catholicism devoutly, and learned Western medicine from the Dutch living in Japan.

The Kitakyushu area is the center of the spread of Catholicism. In the late Warring States period, a large number of civilians and even samurai converted to Catholicism. These people were forced to hide after the "Great Martyrdom", taking advantage of this turmoil to rise again. Therefore, it is not only tens of thousands of farmers who stick to Shimabara Castle, but also many ronin who believe in Catholicism. Shiro Tokisada is the leader of these ronin.

Amakusa Shiro has been extremely intelligent since he was a child, known as a child prodigy, and has a handsome appearance. A fortune teller once said to Amakusa: "Your Majesty has a noble face, and should have controlled the world, but it is a pity that he was born in the Tokugawa era, so it is difficult to achieve great things."

The towering city wall is the symbol of the city in the cold weapon era. Shimabara Castle is a Japanese-style castle located in Shimabara City, Nagasaki Prefecture. Its city wall is roughly rectangular in shape, and its characteristics are tall and strong stone walls. The Mizubori surrounds the Honmaru and is connected by a wooden bridge in the form of a corridor with the Ninomaru. If the bridge is destroyed, Honmaru can be isolated, and in turn becomes a mouse in the bag, and because of the corridor bridge, it is difficult to shoot with a bow and arrow.

The same is true of the castle towers of Takamatsu Castle, which are now symbols of Japan.

The land formed by volcanic ash and lava flows is indeed solid, but construction is very difficult. Heavy labor and heavy taxes caused the Shimabara Rebellion. In the end, the Tokugawa shogunate confiscated the territory of the Matsukura clan.

This kind of land cannot be cultivated for food. In the autumn of 1637 when the third shogun Iemitsu was in power, there was a great famine on the Shimabara Peninsula and the Amakusa Islands in the Higo country to the south. Several farmers who could not pay the annual tribute were brutally executed.

The peasants were living on the verge of death, and the Catholic faith, which had been dormant for a long time, rose again, and more and more people secretly believed in religion to escape the cruel reality.

This matter was found out by the Matsukura Katsuya, and a big cleansing was carried out in the territory, many believers were arrested, and they were asked to hold a "stepping painting" ceremony. The so-called "stepping painting" refers to throwing the wooden sign engraved with the crucifix on the ground, so that those suspected of being believers will step on it with their feet. will be burned at the stake.

The double sharp edge of class oppression and religious persecution has been imposed on the people of Shimahara. They have nowhere to go and are forced to take risks. First, the Ma village of Shimabara revolted, killed the deputy official of the Matsukura clan, Hayashi Bingemon, and broke through the armory of the feudal clan, and surrounded the Matsukura clan's main city, Shimabara Castle.

Then an uprising broke out in the Amakusa Islands, echoing the Shimabara Uprising from the north and the south. The shogun General Chong Chang who came to suppress them didn't take them seriously at first, thinking that the peasants who made rebellions had no fists and courage, and didn't know how to fight at all. How could they be the opponents of the shogunate army?

However, he failed to succeed in launching two general attacks in a row, and his own side suffered heavy losses. Only then did Chongchang realize that there must be someone who is proficient in the art of war in the original city.

Nobuzuna Matsudaira is known for his resourcefulness and is known as "Wisdom Izu". After carefully observing the situation on the front line, he realized that the defense of Hara Castle was strong and the rebel army fought bravely, so they must not fight hard. So Nobuzuna commanded Kuroda, Nabeshima, Tachibana, Hosokawa, Mizuno, Arima and more than a dozen princes' coalition forces to firmly block the original city from land, cut off supplies, and wanted to trap all the people in the city to death. ,starve.

At that time, Amakusa Shiro Tokisada still expected the Dutch in Nagasaki to come to the rescue. However, under the diplomatic activities of Matsudaira Nobuzuna, the Dutch gunboat sailed to the sea near the original castle on January 11, and then fired several cannonballs into the city. .

How can the Catholic Church be trusted? What use is God? Didn't the Dutch, who also believed in the so-called "God", also betrayed?

Matsudaira Nobutsuna's strategy has achieved results. There is less and less food and grass in the original city, but the believers in the city are still desperately resisting.

Amakusa Shiro did not take the opportunity to escape, but chose the opportunity to make a comeback, but left a famous saying: Those who defend this city at this moment will be friends forever in the next life.

In the end, the shogunate army paid a heavy price of 3,000 deaths and tens of thousands of injuries, but Yuancheng was finally captured.

The remaining 20,000 people in the city, no matter men, women, old or young, were brutally massacred, including Amakusa Shiro Tokisada and others, almost none of them escaped with their lives.

After the Meiji era, Hara Castle was dismantled, buildings, etc. were removed and converted into fields, and a school was built on the original site.

The vicissitudes of life are nothing more than that.

However, Christianity still left traces in Japan, and this time there were bishops from East Asia in the election of the Pope.

Japanese weddings, nowadays, in addition to the Japanese-style weddings in white at shrines, there are also weddings in churches in wedding dresses.

Whether it is Bai Wugou or the wedding dress is white, although the "language trick" cannot fool monks, it can easily fool ordinary people, especially those who want to escape from reality.

Those farmers who are dying are examples.

But at the same time, faith will also generate a strong cohesion, allowing a group of peasants to confront the shogunate army.

Can western farmers do what eastern farmers do?

Joseph looked at the city of Rome under the sun. The ancient Roman army was also recruited from peasants. They were the best soldiers, better than city citizens.

But in terms of the performance of Italy during World War II, whether it is a farmer or a city dweller is no different.

The Roman epic "Aeneid" wrote: The Greeks had extremely high achievements in casting, carving, debate and astronomy, but Anchises urged Aeneas to remember that the goal of the Romans was the rule of law and conquer.

The harder it is to get, the more you want it.

Joseph sighed deeply, this "greed for wanting" is really hard to overcome.

He turned his gaze and continued to walk towards the hospital where the Pope was.

The exorcist can never be included in the Catholic beatification list like Mother Teresa, so what is he doing in this job?

Not long after Joseph left, a dove of peace flew into the corridor he had just walked through.

In January, Paul II met thousands of teenage believers at the windows of his offices in St. Peter's Square. He released a dove of peace from the window at that time, but the dove did not fly away, but flew back to his office. He and all the audience laughed.

Double rainbows often represent auspicious omens, and the combination of two semicircles is perfect.

In Irish legend, the leprechaun hid the treasure at the end of the rainbow. In Norse mythology, the rainbow connects the kingdom of God and the Middle Earth where humans live. Judaism and Christianity record that after the world was destroyed by a great flood, Noah and God exchanged a rainbow. Make a contract so that the world will never be destroyed by flood again.

The premise is that human beings must keep their promises. If human beings themselves break their promises first, why should God abide by the contract with human beings?

It was this white dove of peace that brought Noah an olive branch.

But its eyes are red, and it looks like an ordinary pigeon with albinism.