I Can Extract Abilities From Antiques

201. The famous Xuande furnace

To say that among the bronze wares of the Ming and Qing dynasties, which one is the most beloved, it is the Xuande furnace.

During the Yongle Xuande period in the Ming Dynasty, all works of art developed very fast.

For example, Yongxuan blue and white, lacquerware, and cloisonné enamelware all flourished during this period.

Bronze is no exception, the most famous is Xuande furnace, Xuande bronze.

In the third year of Xuande, the King of Siam paid tens of thousands of catties of wind-milled copper. (Siam is the current state)

It is from this period that the Dragon Kingdom used brass to make art.

Before that, all bronzes were bronze.

Compared with brass, bronze has many disadvantages, such as brittleness and easy rust.

Therefore, we see that the bronzes before the Ming Dynasty were basically rusted.

Start from Xuande.

Zhu Zhanji believed that his sacrificial utensils, imperial temples, and suburban altars were all too rough, so he ordered to use this wind-milled copper to start a new set of ceremonial utensils.

When he made the first batch of castings, he personally ordered the craftsmen to start making them according to the catalogue on the "Xuanhe Bogutu".

"Xuanhe Bogu Tu" is a work on epigraphy written by Wang Fu of the Song Dynasty.

According to historical records, the first batch produced 3,365 pieces, accurate to the single digit.

Later, Zhu Zhanji saw that the bronze utensils he made were very beautiful, and he began to reward and add them. The total number has been 18,000.

Xuande furnace started to be fired in Xuande, and after being successful in one fell swoop, it has been famous for 500 years.

The reputation has not diminished for 500 years, so that no matter which dynasty was cast, this kind of copper furnace is called Xuande furnace.

The reputation of Xuande furnace is inseparable from his materials, craftsmanship and gold content.

First of all, it is made of excellent materials and repeatedly smelted.

This copper is not mined from copper mines as we imagined, and burned into copper water after being burned in coke, this is copper.

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Repeated smelting, every time you smelt to remove impurities, then what you have left is the essence, but the weight will be reduced.

Zhu Zhanji personally supervised the creation of this matter, so it is of very high quality.

After repeated smelting of this kind of copper material brought in as tribute, there are only forty taels left.

This four or two is still a small two.

In the past, we said that a pound is 16 taels. There is a saying that half a pound is eight taels. That is the old system.

Today should say half a catty and fifty taels.

Back then, when Zhu Zhanji went to see this smelting, he asked the craftsman how he could make it look very good and textured.

The craftsman told him that it would be smelted at least six times.

But the emperor has a lot of money, so he went up and said you practiced it 12 times for me.

According to our concept today, only a quarter of a pound of copper is left after smelting.

The second is that it adopts a new process.

In the past, making a furnace was to turn sand, while the Xuande furnace used the lost wax method.

Although the lost wax method has been in history. But it didn't work on the stove.

Compared with the sanding method, it becomes very smooth, as smooth as a baby's skin.

It is then colored by a professional.

This coloring is not just about holding the color and brushing it up, it is using various methods to make it show a natural color.

The third is that the Xuande furnace during the Xuande period contained gold.

According to historical data, the lists of tributes paid by Fengmotong at that time are clearly written with gold.

A good Xuande furnace contains about 3% gold.

A furnace containing gold, then its texture will become completely different.

It's the same with clothes.

For example, in a pure cotton fabric, if you add 3% wool, the texture will change immediately.

If it is a pure wool fabric, if you add 3% chemical fiber, it may become wrinkled and the texture will change.

The ancients also discovered these.

Therefore, a good Xuande stove must contain gold, and once gold is added, it will be more difficult to rust.

And that color obviously distances itself from copper.

All of this has made Xuande furnace famous.

As for the Xuande stove that Lin Yuehong sold, Hu Muzhi looked at it carefully and weighed it in his hand.

The shape of this furnace is a gui-shaped incense burner with double fish ears.

It belongs to the highest level in the production of Xuande furnace.

The details of the entire stove are very rounded and powerful, and the subtle neckband adds to the charm of this stove.

In addition, the neck is tied down with a very curvaceous bulging belly, and a pair of fish-shaped ears are matched on both sides of the furnace body.

This makes the shape of the whole bronze ware more simple and solemn.

The bottom of the entire Xuande furnace has the most important three-line regular script inscription "Ming Xuande Year" and "System", which is very atmospheric.

It is worth mentioning that there is a missing line below the German word.

It is said that Zhu Zhanji called Taoists for divination, and the Taoist priests used Qimen Dunjia to declare: Daming Palace, located in the south, belongs to fire virtue.

The Xuan character has nine strokes and the German character fifteen strokes. The yang qi is too strong and needs nourishing yin. Therefore, the German character is reduced to fourteen strokes.

And through the ability of ingenuity, Hu Muzhi can clearly feel that this Xuande furnace is a little heavier than that made of copper.

This is mainly because gold is denser than copper.

But even so, Xuande furnace still has a huge problem.

So far no one can solve it.

That is which furnace is real.

Even in the whole world, no expert can accurately tell you that this is a real Xuande furnace.

This is mainly because cultural relics are a typology.

This thing is placed here, and when another thing appears and compares it, you can know before and after.

The problem is that Xuande furnaces make a living by turning molds, so a comparison is the same.

If it's the same formula, it's almost impossible to tell the sequence.

However, it can still be pushed bit by bit by analogy.

The first is styling.

The early Xuande furnaces were cast during the Xuande period, and most of them were imitations of the Song Dynasty.

The second is its material ratio.

With the development of science and technology, it is very easy to analyze its chemical composition using high-tech means.

Third, because of its refined copper quality, the sound is pleasant.

In fact, the requirements for the dating of bronze wares have not been so high in the cultural relics circle.

It is different from porcelain, which is very strict.

This Xuande is Xuande, Yongle is Yongle, you step over to Chenghua is Chenghua, Hongzhi is Hongzhi, it is very clear.

But for the judgment of bronze ware, as long as it can be judged based on what period it is, it will be fine.

For example, the Ming Dynasty consisted of three periods: early, middle, and late. Even just two periods, early and late.

Whether it is early or late Ming Dynasty is enough.

When porcelain arrived in Ming and Qing Dynasties, almost all dynasties and dynasties wrote the year, and as long as the year was written, it became a standard utensil.

Then the craftsmen and aesthetics will change. For example, some of the craftsmen will die, and the aesthetics will change, so it is very clear which dynasty it belongs to.

The copper furnace does not work, and the change of the copper furnace is very small and almost unchanged.

Because it can be turned over according to the real furnace.

Therefore, the antique shop roughly divided the imitation of Xuande furnace into five periods.

The first is the dynasty, which means that any casting after Xuande casts 18,000 furnaces can be regarded as imitation.

The second period is the late Ming Dynasty.

With the rise of the collection fever, the demand for furnaces has changed, and a large number of demand has increased, so in the late Ming Dynasty, a large number of imitations appeared, and the things in this period were very close to the things of the Xuande Dynasty.

The third period is the prosperous age of Kang and Qian.

In the prosperous age of Kang and Qian, many of the Xuande furnaces made by it have left Xuande. Because of the ban on copper at that time, a considerable number of them cut corners and materials, so they are very easy to peel off. At first glance, it is not enough for the Ming Dynasty, but at first glance, it is something of the Qing Dynasty.

The fourth period is the imitation of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. There are some small imitations, and the quality is relatively poor, so it is not a cause for concern.

Fifth, twenty years later.

If you insist on saying which era has the most exquisite imitation Xuande furnace, it will undoubtedly be twenty years later.

That is the closest to the true face of Xuande furnace.

Therefore, the Xuande stove 20 years later has almost reached the point of being fake in the market.

Although 18,000 Xuande furnaces were made during the Xuande period, very few survived.

This is mainly because the Dragon Kingdom has always been a copper-poor country, and it has been difficult to find copper in history.

Copper coins, copper coins, is because copper is precious, so it can be used as money.

This also led to many ancient copper artworks being melted away and used as money.

This is not only happening in the private sector, but also by the government.

There is such a clear record in the Chongzhen period. He said that the bronze wares of the past dynasties in the internal inventory were sent to the Baoyuan Bureau to be minted.

There are many copper works of art in the Ming Dynasty that were turned into copper water and turned into currency.

Regarding the Xuande stoves sold by Lin Yuehong, Hu Muzhi did not dare to be 100% sure that these were the ones made by Zhu Zhan.

Therefore, when Lin Yuehong announced the starting price of 50,000 yuan and raised the price by at least 5,000 yuan each time, Hu Muzhi chose to wait and see.

Many people at the scene couldn't figure out the authenticity of this Xuande furnace, and now the market for Xuande furnace is not hot enough, so no one has been asking for a price.

This made Lin Yuehong a little embarrassed, so he could only open his mouth and said, ".|| Is there no one bidding?"

The crowd remained silent.

"What about the starting price of 40,000? 35 Lin Yuehong asked tentatively.

Still no one spoke.

"Mr. Tong, don't you want it?" Hu Muzhi asked Tong Fan who was beside him.

"It's not easy to shoot, and I don't understand it either." Tong Fan shook his head and said.

After confirming that Tong Fan had no idea of buying, Hu Muzhi was going to propose to Lin Yuehong the idea of letting him take a look.

It's just that this idea has just come to fruition, the foreigner said: "Mr. Lin, let's go, 8,000 yuan, I reluctantly accept this copper furnace.

"Eight thousand? Are you a foreigner who is daydreaming?" The antique dealer who didn't deal with foreigners couldn't help but sneer: "Five thousand, I want this copper furnace.

"Ok, then take it." The foreigner glanced at the antique merchant and spread his hands.

"This..." The corner of the antique merchant's mouth twitched.

To be honest, he didn't want this copper stove either, and asking 15,000 was nothing more than wanting to disgust the foreigner, but he didn't expect that the foreigner would not increase the price.

"Five thousand." Lin Yuehong muttered to himself.

To be honest (of Li Wang's), the price was a little lower than he expected.

Because he asked someone from the auction house, the starting price can be set at 4w.

But after thinking about it, it is useless to keep this thing, but in order to try to sell it at a good price, he said to the antique merchant: "Mr. Zhang, 2w will sell you.

Hearing the words, the antiques merchant was overjoyed and descended some steps.

He waved his hands again and again: "2w, I don't want it. 39

Lin Yuehong was helpless and could only say: "It's done, 1w5 is..."

Just before finishing a sentence, Hu Muzhi's voice sounded slowly.

"Mr. Tong, can I take a look at this copper furnace again?"

"Of course. Lin Yuehong agreed very happily.

Hu Muzhi got up and took the copper stove in his hand.

Due to the small size of the copper furnace, and Hu Muzhi deliberately turned his back to the crowd, no one could see what Hu Muzhi was doing.

In just a few seconds, Hu Muzhi put the copper furnace into the Void Ring, and then took it out again.

Ability to extract ability, on behalf of the antique.

And the style is almost the same as the Xuande period.

Hu Muzhi can basically confirm that the Xuande furnace in his hand is probably from the Xuande period.