Indulge in Life in America

The threshold for becoming a nobleman in Austria has been lowered and lowered. Since 1896, even if he has not participated in battle, as long as he has served for 40 years, officers of bourgeois origin can become nobles.

In peacetime, everyone can only endure time; after the outbreak of the First World War, many officers obtained the status of aristocracy by virtue of their participation in the war and special contributions. From 1916 to the end of the war, Emperor Karl awarded more than 700 people. The new aristocracy who gained status through military service was called the "system aristocracy."

If you are promoted to a nobleman without a title, the applicant does not need to pay the state. But if you want the title of "noble person" and the title that contains place names, you need to pay.

The title of the system aristocracy is not linked to the actual territory. You can choose it yourself. It can be a place of meritorious service or a place of military service. Some titles are even completely fictitious to express loyalty to the dynasty, such as "Von Crown "Shield", in addition, applicants can design their own coat of arms, but the ZF approval is required.

In addition to serving in the military for the country, administrative officials, business owners, bankers, financiers, artists, and freelancers may also be granted the emperor’s nomination and become nobles. Compared with other European countries, including other German states, Austria It was quite generous when granting nobles.

During this period, at least 11,000 people were made nobles, and among them, at least 10,000 were promoted from civilians.

The mentality and mental outlook of the new aristocracy still maintain the characteristics of the bourgeoisie, while the old aristocracy still dominates through their wealth, land, intermarriage and alliances, and close ties with the court.

Generally speaking, however, the institutional aristocracy in the second half of the 19th century represented the rising bourgeoisie who believed in liberalism and was loyal to the emperor.

The old aristocracy is called the "first society", and the new aristocracy rising from the bourgeoisie is called the "second society", and there is very little intermarriage between the two.

There are strong barriers and complex chains of contempt between the "first society" and the "second society". The former despises the latter. This is unquestionable, but some big wealthy owners who belong to the "second society" have special rights. They are powerful, and everyone has to count them as the "first society."

So the "first society" is divided into two groups: A, the original "first society"; and B, the nouveau riche rising from the "second society", the latter tends to be much wealthier than the former.

Men in the two groups A and B can associate because they are often colleagues of the ZF and the military, but women in these two groups almost never associate. If a male in group A marries a female in group B, he will be caught by A Group exclusion.

In the palace ball, both groups were invited, but the so-called "small ball" never invited the B group. The "first society" like this was also divided into two groups, which is a unique phenomenon in Vienna.

It was not until 1919 that the Austrian Parliament promulgated the "Abolition of Nobility Law", which completely abolished the aristocracy system.

In addition, Austria’s abolition of nobles is more stringent than the Weimar Republic in Germany. The Weimar Republic also allows nobles to retain titles and "Von" as part of their surnames, while Austria simply bans all noble titles and titles such as "Von", which violates The person will be fined 20,000 kronor or imprisonment of up to 6 months.

The 1948 Constitution changed this penalty to 4000 Austrian shillings. Afterwards, inflation and other factors have not been considered. This amount has always been this amount, which is equivalent to about 290 euros today. Therefore, the patriarch of the Habsburg family can only be called in Austria. Habsburg, not von Habsburg.

However, the names or stage names of artists and actors are not affected by the law, so Herbert von Karajan can still use the word "Feng". Many nobles prepare two sets of business cards and letter paper for themselves. One set complies with the law. Noble titles and coats of arms are used to deal with public institutions; the other set has titles and coats of arms, which are used to deal with other nobles in business circles.

Why did Austria treat the nobility so harshly or even harshly? This reason is not difficult to explain. In Germany, when the First World War was over, the Kaiser officially announced his abdication, and the transition from the empire to the republic was legal.

In Austria, the last emperor Karl and Empress Zita did not abdicate, and there has never been a referendum to abolish the monarchy, so the first Austrian Republic established at that time was essentially without legitimacy.

It was precisely because they knew that they lacked legitimacy, the leaders of the First Republic were very afraid that the old elite group, that is, the nobles would come back, and fear that the nobles would rise up to question and oppose themselves, so the Republic was determined to suppress the noble class, so Austria The Republic is very harsh on the nobles, and they are not allowed to use "Feng" and various titles.

The Habsburg family was even forbidden to return to Austria for a long time, and was also deprived of the right to become the Austrian tong. Later, most members of the Habsburg family gave up the right to become emperor, but the two sons of Emperor Karl Robert and Fei Lex did not give up this right.

However, although it is explicitly forbidden, in Austrian daily life, it is still very common to use the title of nobility and the title of "Von", and it is often not really punished.

For those real nobles with historical heritage, losing their title is not important. His palaces, castles, land, money, connections, education and social status are still there.

But for those “second society” who worked hard for the country for a lifetime during the imperial period and gained the status of nobility, the abolition of the title of nobility is undoubtedly equivalent to covering their faces with a veil. Their salary is not much and their lives are poor. , But after serving the emperor for decades, they can obtain the status of low-level nobility, which is a kind of praise and encouragement to them. It also connects many people with the emperor and makes them loyal to the emperor.

In this sense, nobility status is a kind of social glue. However, after the abolition of nobility, these people are hit hardest. Many of them lose their jobs, social status, and a little bit of honor.

After Nacui Germany annexed Austria, it did not restore the title of Austrian aristocracy. After the war, the Second Austrian Republic “maintained the original verdict” against the aristocracy.

Knowing this period of history, you can understand why Yang Cheng said that Austria has no nobles at all.

The Austrian girl seemed to treat Yang Cheng as a trash can. The more she talked about it, the more excited she became. She wantonly complained about her experience of being oppressed, and gritted her teeth with hatred for those so-called aristocrats.

Yang Cheng didn't feel impatient either, she always listened quietly with a smile, which made the aggrieved little girl in Chengri feel a lot more comfortable.

Finally blushed, "Am I talking too much?"

"No, I like to listen to stories. Okay, let's stop here today. I have something else." Yang Cheng got up. Although the bathtub has been heating up, it is not a problem to always soak in the water.

The girl didn't dare to be indifferent, and quickly got up and took a bath towel to wipe Yang Cheng.

"By the way, I will not stay overnight tonight, will it affect you?" Yang Cheng asked very intimately.

He thinks very comprehensively. In fact, he is also a QGZ who understands their business. Some similar clubs. If the girl fails to keep the residents, she will be cruelly punished. Yang Cheng is not a bad person, but she does not want to hurt someone because of herself. Poor girl.

The girl shook her head, "No, our job is to accept every request from our customers. If our guests want to leave, we must not force them to stay."

"That's good, thank you for your service, after a day of tiredness, I feel much more relaxed~"

Yang Cheng patted the girl's cheek lightly, and changed her clothes to leave.

At this moment, Calvin knocked on the door and came in. He was taken aback when he saw Yang Cheng getting dressed, then he said, "Is this going away?"

"Go, if Alois asks, tell him to have fun, don't care about me~"

"Okay, Mr. Yang, I wish you a wonderful evening. This is my private collection of red wine. Take it back and taste it with your wife?"

"Okay, then I'm not welcome, thank you~"

There is no need for Yang Cheng to refuse this little gift.

. . .

Returning to the hotel by car, Luo Yue smelled the fragrance of Yang Cheng's body, wrinkled his nose and said suspiciously, "Where have you been?"

Yang Cheng recruited from the ground, "Alois took me to a clubhouse, you know, but I just came out after taking a shower."

Luo Yue didn't believe it, "Really?"

"Of course, you know my abilities. What is enough time except for driving?"

Luo Yue snorted, "Talking nonsense, but I have misunderstood the person. I didn't expect a serious crown prince to be so slutty in private~"

Yang Cheng laughed, "Hey~ the tradition of the European royal family since ancient times, just get used to it~"

"Where shall we go tomorrow?"

"Tomorrow I will meet some Austrian officials with Alois to talk about business matters. You first set off and go back to the Salzkammer Lake area. The small towns there are more beautiful than the other. I suggest You go to Hallstatt first, ranking second among the top ten most beautiful towns in the world, it's worth a visit~

A few hours later, we met in the small town. "

Hallstatt is the oldest town in Austria. It is known as the most beautiful town in the world and also known as the "postcard from heaven". The town has a population of less than 800 people. Someone once said: If a person loves you, take him to Hallstatt; if a person hates you, take him to Hallstatt, he will fall in love with you because of this.

Hallstatt is a village in the Salzkammergut region of Upper Austria, Austria. It is located on the shore of Lake Hallstatt at an altitude of 511 meters. Hallstatt’s “Hall” may have originated from The ancient Celtic word'salt' got its name from the salt mine near the village. Historically, this area was rich in salt. Therefore, it is also called "the world's oldest salt capital".

"Hallstatt (Hallstatt means "early Iron Age". People have unearthed cultural relics of important archaeological value in Hallstatt, which proves that a fairly developed culture existed here as early as 2500 years ago. , And at the same time determined that this is the birthplace of the European Iron Age.

This small town is also known for its salt mines and is known as the "Treasure Land of Salt Mines". The development of salt mining has promoted the prosperity of the local economy. The beautiful environment and developed economy have also attracted many romantic painters, artists, poets and composers. Home, leaving behind a large number of high-quality buildings and art remains.

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