Into Unscientific

Chapter 224 "About Ben Pujie coded 15,000 words overnight so he didn't want to take the title"

be honest.

After confirming that the world line had indeed changed twice, Xu Yun couldn't calm down for a long time.

After all, whether it is from a technological or humanistic point of view, this represents a huge change.

Especially at this point in time.

This is 1850

Anyone who has been to elementary school knows it.

1840.

The British government launched the famous Opium War in history under the pretext of Lin Zexu's Humen opium sales.

The Opium War ended with the failure of China and the cession of compensation. China and Britain signed the "Baixia Treaty", the first treaty in local history that humiliated the country and unequaled it.

The mainland began to cede territory to foreign countries, pay compensation, and negotiate tariffs.

Huaxia officially began to degenerate into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.

So in history.

1840 is also regarded as the beginning of modern history.

Now that I have traveled to 1850, I suddenly learned that the timeline has undergone tremendous changes.

Rao Xu Yun is extremely indifferent to the decaying empire in the east, and at the same time, he has no intention of helping it survive.

But as a Chinese, it would be an absolute lie to say that he doesn't care about the local situation at all.

Think here.

Xu Yun couldn't help looking at Will, pondered for a while, and asked:

"Will, I heard that England fought a war with the East in the early years. Do you understand this?"

Will stopped what he was doing when he heard the words, thought for a moment, and replied:

"War with the East? Are you talking about Bharat?"

"That was a territory that was conquered by the British a long time ago. It must have been two or three hundred years ago. I haven't heard of any news of a war."

Xu Yun shook his head and explained again:

"It's not Bharat, I'm referring to the east where Fenglingyue Shadow Sect exists, and the country's name is Huaxia."

"I do not know."

Will shrugged his shoulders crisply, and moved his chin towards the surrounding mountains and forests, saying:

"Although Scotland and England are said to be one, the territory here is empty, and it cannot be compared with the south, and the exchange of information is very blocked."

"If you're asking about other things, it's okay to say, it involves the war in the East."

"Sorry, I really don't know much about it."

Xu Yun nodded slowly.

The answer, while regrettable, was not unexpected.

After all, Will is just a country kid from the Scottish countryside at the end of the day.

It is indeed difficult to understand the current world structure from his mouth.

So let's wait until London to inquire about this matter. Anyway, there is plenty of time, and this kind of news can always be inquired about.

half an hour later.

Thomson returned to the scene after washing the pots and utensils, and Xu Yun and Xu Yun almost prepared the tent.

It gets dark very quickly in the UK in winter. The sun goes down around four or five o'clock, and it gets completely dark at six o'clock.

In addition, there were no entertainment facilities in the forest, so the three entered the carriage and tent in sequence according to the previous arrangement.

Xu Yun, who entered the carriage, leaned forward, avoiding many packages, and came to the seat for passengers.

This kind of seat is usually at the rear of the carriage, Xu Yun plans to sit here tonight, and then sleep against the inner wall of the carriage.

Although it is difficult to ensure high-quality sleep with this sleeping method, it is not unacceptable.

When he was waiting for the experimental product in the laboratory before, Xu Yun had rested against the corner with a small bench many times, so he had relevant experience.

Generally speaking, however, there are generally only two outcomes of this approach:

Woke up.

Or lose support and wake up.

Among them, if the situation of the latter is not well controlled, he may fall directly to the floor in a daze.

Xu Yun suffered such a heavy blow once, and finally crushed his glasses. His myopia was 1300 degrees. That day, he could be said to be half a meter away from humans and animals.

all in all.

After experiencing the 1665 dungeon and the 1100 dungeon, Xu Yun's adaptability to the ancient rest time is quite good.

So it didn't take long.

He then entered the fragrance of dreams shallowly.

In a daze.

Xu Yun dreamed that he was fishing in the East China Sea, and suddenly caught a Tifa while fishing.

Then he and Tifa, who was wearing a lab coat, discussed the strong coupling effect of viscous good conductors in a humid claustrophobic environment, and at the same time exchanged ancient poems.

First of all, there is no date for the return of Junwen, and the night rain in Bashan swells the autumn pond.

Then the silver bottle broke and the water sprayed out, and the cavalry protruded, and the swords and guns rang out.

Then the flying stream went down three thousand feet, and it was suspected that the Milky Way fell nine days.

In the end, the spring silkworms will run out of dead silk, and the springs will flow silently.

I do not know how long it has been.

"Well"

Xu Yun scratched his hair and woke up from his sleep.

He first opened the curtains and looked outside the car, but it was still pitch black.

At this time, his abdomen was slightly swollen a few inches, probably because he drank too much potato soup.

He picked up the flashlight and planned to go under the car to have a rest.

In order not to disturb Will and Thomson, his movements were very light, making almost no sound.

patter--

After a light rain.

Xu Yun lifted his pants and returned to the car.

However, just as he was about to get back into the car.

Out of the corner of Xu Yun's eyes, he suddenly noticed that there seemed to be a

There are some faint noises?

Could it be

Will and Thomson up?

But at this time, there are no mobile phones or tablets, and even the PSP has not yet appeared. What will these two do in the tent?

Suddenly.

Xu Yun blinked, thinking of a possibility in his mind.

Could it be that they are exchanging needs?

This is England, after all.

Actually.

As a five-good young man in the 21st century, Xu Yun has no habit of eavesdropping on others.

But considering the special circumstances of this dungeon, after some hesitation, he quietly touched the side of the tent.

At this time, there was some light faintly shining from the bottom of the tent, and there were also some rustling sounds coming from inside the tent.

"Will, do you prefer the top or the bottom?"

"Let's go down."

"OK, can you keep up with this speed? I'm speeding up."

"Mr. Thomson, please lighten up."

Xu Yun: "????"

no?

Do you really know how to be a man?

Just as he was about to leave the tent silently, Thomson suddenly said:

"In the Cartesian coordinate system, if the tangent you choose is below, the vertex normal will change."

"In this way. See it? The direction of their three-dimensional space is probably not vertical"

"And if the tangent space is defined in each vertex, two more steps are needed to get the normalized TBN matrix"

"By the way, Will, am I talking too fast? Do you need to go back to the speed you just had?"

"No, Mr. Wilson, I can keep up."

"Very well, then I will continue."

Xu Yun: "."

wtf?

These two men actually hid under the covers in the middle of the night and studied math together?

This tmd seems to be more outrageous than intercommunication.

Then Xu Yun rubbed his cheeks vigorously, and listened carefully to the content.

Soon he was sure that Thomson and Will were discussing matrices and tangent spaces.

matrix.

This thing is a common tool in advanced algebra. In the ancient history of Chinese and Western mathematics, shadows similar to matrices can be vaguely seen.

For example, "Nine Chapters of Arithmetic" was first written in the early Eastern Han Dynasty.

In this calculation, the separation coefficient method is used to express the addition of linear equations, and its augmented matrix is ​​obtained.

Then in the elimination process.

The operation techniques used to multiply a row by a non-zero real number, subtract another row from a row, etc., are equivalent to the elementary transformation of the matrix.

But unfortunately, there was no matrix concept as it is understood today - although it is formally the same as the existing matrix.

Therefore, at that time, this method was only used as a standard representation and processing method for linear equations.

This is the same as the astronomical calendar mentioned earlier.

They all belong to ancient China and had early applications, but they did not find tools in the right direction.

As for the germination of the modern matrix, it appeared in the Gauss period.

Later, the matrix theory was formally proposed by Arthur Kelly in 1858, and he is also recognized as the founder of the matrix theory.

As for the future, it will be the matter of Frobenius, Hermit, and Poincaré, and it will eventually develop into the current common matrix module.

See here.

Smart classmates must have discovered it.

That's right.

in normal history.

Arthur Kelly did not formally propose matrix theory until 1858, and it was not until 1870 that it became popular in universities.

So it's obvious.

The tool of the matrix, like the flashlight, is yet another pre-existing theory.

However, according to Thomson's teaching, this era's mastery of the matrix is ​​a little primitive.

Not to mention, there is even a big gap from the Hilbert stage.

Thomson is a top student who graduated from Cambridge University, and he is basically exposed to the most sophisticated theoretical knowledge of this era.

His solution is still primitive, so he can roughly judge the situation at the front of the matrix.

So throughout the process.

What really surprised Xu Yun was not that the matrix was proposed in advance, but that

Thomson is actually teaching Will mathematics?

To know.

No matter how primitive the matrix is, its basic requirements are still very high.

Not to mention the content involving tangent space.

Say it bluntly.

In the 21st century, many college students will not be exposed to tangent spaces.

Of course.

If you are in the Mathematical Olympiad class, junior high school should involve relevant knowledge.

This is still the case in the 21st century, let alone 1850?

Could it be that this big boy with a rural Scottish accent has some special past experiences?

For example, you had excellent grades in high school and even learned some college knowledge by yourself, but you were forced to drop out of school because of your family background?

Thomson discovered his talent by chance.

So take him to London for a while, and take the opportunity to teach Will some knowledge on the way?

This should be considered a reasonable explanation, and there are many celebrities who have had similar experiences in history.

The most representative is Faraday.

This master of science, who is only one letter away from Ferrari, was born in a poor blacksmith family. His father was sick and ineffective, and his work efficiency was very low.

At the same time, due to the first industrial revolution led by Lord Niu, the profession of blacksmiths has declined just like A shares.

Therefore, Faraday's family has a meager income and can barely maintain food and clothing.

influenced by.

Faraday received no formal education when he was a child, and dropped out of primary school after only two years of elementary school.

Forced to make a living, he had no choice but to work as a newspaper boy on the street. He was only 12 years old that year.

In the second year, he went to work as an apprentice in the home of a bookseller and bookbinder.

Relying on the knowledge he learned while ordering the book, Faraday used waste materials to make electrostatic generators and conducted simple chemical and physical experiments.

At the same time, because mechanical printing presses had not yet appeared at that time, books were expensive, and reading and reading newspapers were things of the upper class. Faraday also came into contact with celebrities from all walks of life.

By chance.

A customer gave Faraday a few tickets, which led to the entrance of the Royal Academy and met Sir David, the president of the Royal Academy.

After listening to many speeches.

Faraday compiled the content of David's speech into a volume, bound it into a book and sent it to David.

After reading it, David was amazed and became an important "receiver" in Faraday's life, which led to Faraday's brilliant life in the future.

There are many similar examples, not to mention those who have not made a name for themselves.

In the vast human population, there are too many geniuses who may become top figures, but because of various family conditions, they are lost to everyone.

Could it be

Will is also such a 'genius'?

But soon, Xu Yun shook his head.

how to say

Possibly, but not very much.

Halo did not release the mission when Will reported his name, which shows that he is definitely not the protagonist of this copy.

Not even Adam Hopkins in importance.

In addition, Will is no longer a child. He can understand the concept of matrix at the age of twenty, and it is not too difficult to accept it.

Therefore, there is a high probability that his potential will not be too high, and his importance can be roughly upgraded from Xie Laodu to Wang Ting.

But thinking of the other party's kindness to help him dig his grave.

Xu Yun still decided that if he had the chance, he would try his best to help this honest and honest Scottish youth.

Then he quietly returned along the same road, leaving the two of them to continue studying late at night in the tent.

Nothing to say all night.

Early the next morning.

The sun shines into the car through the gap.

Xu Yun sniffed his nose twice, yawned and opened his eyes.

Then he opened the curtain and got out of the car.

The weather is very good today, the weather is about six or seven in the morning, and the sun is shining all over the woods.

The warm sun in winter is not dazzling, but gives people a very warm and comfortable feeling.

This is a rare sunny day in the UK, especially at this juncture.

At this time, there was a pot on the side of the carriage, and Will was squatting beside it, adding firewood to it one by one.

After seeing Xu Yun, he smiled naively and said hello:

"Mr. Luo Feng, good morning."

"Mr. Thomson said that you were injured, and specifically asked me not to call you and let you rest for a while."

When Xu Yun heard this, his heart warmed slightly.

Maverick, look at others.jpg.

Then he danced his arms and felt his left arm.

Strange to say.

I don't know if it was the effect of the halo, but after one night, more than half of his injury has healed, and he doesn't feel much pain anymore.

Then he glanced around and asked:

"Mr. Will, where is Mr. Thomson?"

Will blew a few breaths into the fire, and at the same time reached out and pointed at the back of the car:

"I'm preparing food for the horses. Horses are just like donkeys. If you want donkeys to pull the mill, you have to give them some grass, right?"

Xu Yun nodded and gave Brother Lv a thumbs up in his heart.

A few minutes passed.

Thomson returned to the carriage with a bundle of grain and grass.

He first greeted Xu Yun, and after putting the fodder for the horses, the three of them gathered by the pot and began to eat breakfast.

"Our schedule may be a little tight today."

Thomson still ate a few mouthfuls of bread gracefully, took out a map from his body, and spread it out in front of him:

"According to the plan, we will first pass through Mount Whitecombe, and then arrive at the small town of Danfries."

"Whitecombe Mountain is a little wet and cold in late autumn, and occasionally you can encounter some large beasts preparing for winter, such as grizzly bears and so on."

"So we'd better not spend the night in the mountains, and try to reach the other side of Whitecombe Mountain today, and get to the small town of Danfries as soon as possible."

Xu Yun pretended to listen to Thomson's arrangement seriously, but his eyes scanned the map quickly.

Although the French Special Committee formulated the measurement standard of kilometers in May 1790.

But the weights and measures used in Britain at this time are still the "standard legal inches" promulgated by Edward II in the 14th century.

That is inches, feet, and miles.

According to the location Thomson pointed to.

At this time, their location was about 30 miles, or about 42 kilometers, from Mount Whitecombe.

The speed of the two-wheeled carriage was in the early 15 kilometers per hour in the field with poor road conditions.

In other words, it takes three hours to reach the foot of Mount Whitecombe from here.

Considering the time to go in and out of the mountains and the faster darkness during British winter time, today is indeed a rather urgent itinerary.

So after breakfast, everyone set off quickly.

Gulu Gulu——

The British-specific Sharma is a well-known harness horse in the world and one of the largest horse breeds in the world, capable of pulling five tons of goods.

Even though there were three people sitting inside and outside the carriage, the carriage was still moving at a relatively steady speed.

Among them, Thomson sat alone in the carriage, seemingly looking at a book.

Xu Yun and Will sat in the outer room, which was the front of the car where the groom was sitting.

Will, who was born in the Scottish countryside, is very skilled in driving a carriage, while flicking his whip, while humming very Scottish country songs.

Xu Yun watched the surrounding scenery with great interest, which was an experience he had never experienced before.

Of course.

On the long journey, scenery and singing are just a temporary solution, and they will get tired after all.

And chatting is undoubtedly a good way to kill time.

after awhile.

Will seemed tired from singing, so he said to Xu Yun:

"Luo Feng, you are going to find relatives in London, why did you get lost in Scotland?"

Xu Yun shrugged at him when he heard the words, and said with the reason he had already made up:

"I can't help it. I got off the boat at Aberdeen Port. I found a carriage at St. Andrews and wanted to go to London, but I was thrown off by a black-hearted coachman on the way, so..."

Will couldn't help but glanced at him sympathetically:

"You are unlucky enough."

Xu Yun smiled wryly with a three-point desolation mixed with three-point helplessness, three-point anger, and one-point sadness, and then asked:

"What about you, Will, have you found your way back to London?"

Will shook his head slightly, looked into the distance, and said:

"No, let's take one step at a time, maybe I will run back to Scotland in a desperate manner before long."

Xu Yun asked again:

"What about your family? Just let you go like this?"

"family?"

Will flicked the whip lightly, a gloomy look flashed in his eyes, he shook his head and said:

"My mother died when I was eight years old. My father used to be a lawyer. After my mother passed away. Well, for various reasons, I just left Edinburgh."

".Ah, I'm sorry."

Xu Yun was taken aback for a moment, and immediately apologized to Will.

Unexpectedly, my polite question touched Will's pain point.

Losing a mother at a young age is hard for anyone.

But then again.

In this era, lawyers can be said to be a very high-end profession, and their status is even much higher than that of later generations.

A family of lawyers should not be able to afford Will's tuition in theory.

so.

Will's dropping out of school may have nothing to do with economics, but the relationship between father and son?

crunch——

Just as Xu Yun was thinking.

The carriage, which was driving smoothly on the road, suddenly sank down heavily.

The three people in the car let out a soft cry at the same time.

After a while.

After regaining his senses, Will quickly stopped the carriage, quickly opened the curtain, and asked inside:

"Mr Thomson, are you all right?"

Thomson was pulling the armrest on the side of the carriage with his right hand at this time, and he shook his head upon hearing this, and pressed the floor with the other hand:

"I'm all right, but what's wrong with the carriage?"

"I gonna go see."

Will quickly jumped out of the car, bent down and checked under the car for a few seconds, got up and shook his head:

"Mr Thomson, the axle is broken."

Thomson's expression froze for a moment.

carriage.

This is a travel tool that has left a large number of records and even samples in the development of various civilizations in the world.

For example, China's famous painted bronze chariots and horses from the Qin Mausoleum.

They are large carriages unearthed in Qinling Mountains, Shaanxi Province in December 1980. There are two carriages in total, and the animal power is four horses.

Each of them has more than 3,500 parts, and archaeologists have to put together these parts like Lego, in addition to doing restoration work.

Therefore, the No. 2 carriage was assembled and repaired in 1983, and the No. 1 carriage was assembled and repaired in April 1988.

However, most civilian carriages are much simpler in structure.

In addition to the hub, spokes, and teeth.

That leaves the shafts, axles, plates, and so on.

The most that remains is to add a V rabbit between the bottom of the car and the axle, which is the original shock absorber.

And the same reason.

The simple structure also means that once there is a problem with any part, it will be difficult for the carriage to move on.

"The axle was unevenly stressed, resulting in an overload fracture."

As a master of engineering, Thomson quickly judged the cause of the failure after getting off the car:

"In addition, the edge of the carriage was also damaged when it sank. The carriage can only be driven by flight attendants, and it must not be able to continue carrying people."

Xu Yun also bent down to take a few glances, got up and said:

"Sorry, Mr Thomson, it's all my fault"

As a result, he was interrupted by Thomson before he finished speaking:

"It has nothing to do with you, this is the main shaft fracture caused by the aging of the carriage."

"You and Will are sitting in the front room. If it is because of the weight overload caused by the addition of you, then the bottom plates of the four Jane wooden brackets should have collapsed first." , just apply the local saying)

Thomson meant it, that was his character.

Although he still decided to part with Xu Yun in Danfries at this time, it didn't mean that he would recklessly blame this passerby who appeared out of the blue.

The force diagram for this carriage is very simple:

The main shaft bears the compartment, and the front room is supported by precious wood and the bottom plate, which belongs to the two-stage split bearing structure with western characteristics.

Therefore, the main shaft, the link that carries the carriage, will not break because of the addition of Xu Yun in the front room.

Of course.

If Xu Yun and Thomson were sitting in the carriage together, a great deal of responsibility would fall on Xu Yun.

So for now.

This spindle should have been used for too long, and its natural lifespan is over at this time.

Will on the side glanced at the two and asked Thomson:

"Mr. Thomson, what should we do now?"

Thomson was silent for a moment, and took out the map from his body again.

After spreading out.

He took out another compass from his chest—this thing was brought to Europe by Arab merchants from the mainland in the 12th century, and it is very popular now.

Thomson adjusted the position first, and then swiped on the map with his slender fingers:

"There is definitely no way to cross Whitecombe Mountain tonight. The main shaft is broken. We have to find a village to resupply."

"Arles, no, it's too far away"

"Simney Village, sixty miles to the south, is trouble too."

A few minutes passed.

Thomson's index finger suddenly stopped on a small black spot:

"Huh? The village of Mendy Solo, about twelve miles from here?"

well known.

Scotland is vast and sparsely populated, with an area equivalent to a province of the mainland, but a population of only over five million.

Scots lived a semi-nomadic life until the 20th century.

Therefore, in a small-scale gathering point like a village, you can definitely buy all kinds of driving tools.

You can even buy a brand new carriage if you want.

Therefore, it is not difficult to replenish, the key is

Thinking of his mission this time, Thomson couldn't help flashing a trace of solemnity and insignificant worry in his eyes.

According to the original plan.

Before he set off, he had prepared a large amount of supplies, enough to reach Sheffield and even Nottingham all the way directly.

During this process, they don't need to enter the town for any supplies, and naturally they won't be targeted.

Even if the variable Xu Yun appeared, he only needed to put him down near the small town of Danfries, and then continue to detour.

The result was unexpected.

People are not as good as God.

The broken main shaft of the wagon completely messed up his plans, and he now has to find a human gathering place to resupply.

However, Mendi Solo Village is just a small village with more than two hundred people. If you only stay for one night, there should be no major accidents, right?

Think here.

Thomson already had a decision in mind.

Then he took a deep breath, put away the map, pointed to a certain direction and said:

"Let's go, let's go to Mendi Solo Village, rest there for the night today, find a hunter's house to buy a spindle, and start tomorrow."

Xu Yun and Will have no objections.

Afterwards, the three of them pushed the carriage with the broken main shaft and began to set off towards the target.

Three hours later.

The somewhat exhausted three arrived outside a village.

It is different from the European villages of later generations.

Most of the European villages in the 19th century were built with the family as the basic unit.

The residential area of ​​this kind of village is separated from the cultivated land, and there are many public facilities for grinding rice or fetching water in the center of the village's residential area.

For example, the painting "Watergate" by John Constable describes this scene.

At the same time, due to the surrounding mountains, most of the residential areas of Scottish villages will have a fence, and the cultivated land will be outside the fence.

But what surprised Xu Yun was.

The village in front of them was not surrounded by fences, but by a thick earthen wall.

The height of the entire wall is close to two meters, the thickness is unknown, and it seems to be quite strong.

The entire village has only one entrance in the north of the wall, which is somewhat similar to the "Li" in Huaxia.

It was noon at this time, and smoke was rising from the village, which looked peaceful and peaceful.

See this situation.

Thomson signaled Xu Yun and others to stop the carriage, walked to the door alone, and knocked on the door:

"Is anyone here?"

After a while.

The gate opened at eye level suddenly, and an old man looked out:

"Who is outside the door? Why are you here at Gaolaozhuang?"

"Gaolaozhuang? Old man, isn't this the village of Mendisolo?"

"That's right, Mendi Solo Village is the official name, but because most of the villagers in my village are extremely tall, they got the nickname Gao Laozhuang."

"So, Hallelujah, this old man, we are businessmen who came from the west and went to the east to do business. We passed by here, but the main shaft of the carriage broke. Can the old man make it easy for me to take a nap? One night, we will be on the road tomorrow."

There was a moment of silence on the other side of the door, and said:

"How many people are there, sir?"

"Three people, plus a white horse."

After a while.

crunch——

The door opened slowly.

A thin old man appeared from behind the door, and said with his hands behind his back:

"Please come in."

Thomson thanked him, and said to Xu Yun and William behind him:

"Will, Luo Feng, let's go in."

After a few people enter.

The little old man led them to the village road, and at the same time introduced himself:

"Mr. Thomson, my name is Evar. I am the hay supervisor elected by the village council, and I am also responsible for guarding the entrance of the village."

"There are several carpenters with good skills in our village, but their areas of expertise are different. How many inches of spindle do you want to change?"

Thomson and Will looked at each other, and Will said:

"Three or four inches will do."

"three to four inches"

Evar touched his beard, and soon thought of the candidate:

"I see, you come with me."

After speaking, he led a group of people to walk in a certain direction.

In the 19th century, the Scottish countryside was not rich enough to squander resources at will, so the enclosed area of ​​the entire village was somewhat compact, and the distance between households was mostly very close.

The layout of the entire village is somewhat similar to the new rural buildings built collectively in later generations, but there is only one floor.

On the way to the carpenter's house, Xu Yun looked at the unworn earthen wall and asked curiously:

"Mr. Ebar, is this wall just built?"

Evar smiled at him, pointed to the corner of the wall, and replied:

"Yes, this wall was built with funds raised by the village. It has only been built for about a year, so the foundation is still very new."

Then he looked at Thomson, with a flash of curiosity in his eyes, and asked:

"Mr Thomson, are you from Edinburgh?"

Thomson nodded, this information is nothing to keep secret:

"That's right."

Hearing this, Evar's eyes flashed a look of worry, and he hurriedly asked:

"Mr. Thomson, I heard that we are going to fight the South. Is this true?"

Thomson was taken aback for a moment, then sighed with emotion, and said:

"Sorry, Mr. Evar, I don't know what the next situation will become."

"I just heard that the two parliaments are negotiating, but the differences are still very big, and new variables may appear at any time."

When Evar heard this, the expression on his face dimmed a lot with the naked eye.

Xu Yun on the side blinked and suddenly understood something.

Speaking of the full name of the country of Britain, a title may flash in most people's minds:

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

However, the true meaning of this appellation may not be known by so many people.

Actually.

The real UK is made up of Scotland, England, Wales and Northern Ireland.

What we call England does not really represent the United Kingdom.

These four countries belong to the British system, but they have a high degree of freedom with each other.

Take the simplest example:

In the two major competitions of the World Cup and the European Cup, these four countries participated independently.

Among these countries, Scotland's hatred for England is almost full. (The grievances between Scotland and England will run through this dungeon, so I will introduce it in detail)

In fact, the Scots were the first to live on the British Isles. They were the landowners and real owners of the entire island.

But back then they were not called Scots, but Celts.

The Celtics are a group of ruthless characters, but they didn't expect that they encountered an even more ruthless stubble-this person was Caesar who was almost kicked into the moat by a batman back then.

As a generation of heroes.

When Caesar invaded the British Isle for the second time, he successfully landed, knocked the Celts to the ground, and beat them.

The Celts were beaten to the northern mountainous area by the Western Romans, and they could only survive by relying on the favorable terrain in the mountainous area.

And this time.

The Romans came up with a whim and came up with a show operation:

They built a wall at the narrowest point of the British Isles, known as Hadrian's Wall.

The scale of this city wall is definitely incomparable with our local city wall, but the British Isle is not our endless frontier, is it?

Ever since.

It divides the British Isles into North and South.

This is not a simple division of regions. Since then, the British Isle has formed two regions, North and South.

There are great differences between the two regions in terms of ethnicity, religion, national politics, language, and culture.

Those in the south stayed with the Romans and were gradually assimilated.

Those in the north persisted in the struggle and continued the Celtic lineage.

Later, in the fifth century AD, the Western Roman Dynasty came to an end.

So the Celts in the north, and now the Pitkes on the island of Ireland, launched a counterattack and quickly achieved excellent results.

But that part of the people in the south already had a huge difference of opinion with the Celtics at this time.

They think that the Celtics in the north are not a good thing, and they cannot be allowed to do whatever they want.

So those people in the south came to possess Bo Wu Sangui, and called the Anglo-Saxons to be responsible for "maintaining stability."

These Anglo-Saxons came to the island and took root, becoming the ancestors of what is now England and Wales.

This is the root of all the national contradictions between England and Scotland.

People who are not of my race must have a different heart. In fact, many people abroad regard this sentence as the truth.

By 1298.

King Edward I of England led his own conquest and completely penetrated the Scottish defense line. England completely annexed the Scottish territory for the first time.

But the Scots were not convinced, so the local resistance movement became more and more intense day by day.

Finally, in 1314, Scotland regained its independence.

The movie "Braveheart" describes this history.

However, in ancient and modern Chinese and foreign dynasty wars, the operation of marriage is often not lacking.

Therefore, it often happens that A and B fight, but A has a blood relationship with B's descendants.

1603.

The powerful Queen Elizabeth of England coughed and died for the first time.

Because he had no heirs during his lifetime, the closest relationship to him was his grand-nephew, who was then King James VI of Scotland.

So while wearing the Scottish crown, James VI was also crowned King of England.

But at this time James is just the same person wearing two crowns, and England and Scotland are still two countries.

But on the other hand.

This also opened the prelude to the merger of the two countries and established a basis for cooperation for the merger.

The reasons that eventually led to the merger of the two countries are somewhat interesting to say the least:

Scotland went bankrupt and eventually sold itself to pay off debts.

It was in 1688, Gaul was killing all directions in Europe, and it was quite a posture of Huang Tiandi.

In order to prevent the expansion of Gaul, European countries united to fight against Gaul, known as the "Grand Alliance War" in history.

As one of the countries participating in the war, Scotland was single-handedly targeted by Gaul, and the economy suffered a severe blow.

But as the saying goes.

Blessings never come, but misfortunes never come singly.

At this time, another major famine broke out in the country, and about 15% of the population starved to death.

In order to develop the economy, the Scottish government decided to give it a go:

It is planned to establish a colony of its own in Central America to facilitate trade with Asia.

However, considering that the national treasury was already empty, the Scottish government finally made a decision to rely on public fundraising for project funds.

In this way, members of Congress, local gentry, and thousands of wealthy citizens, including captains, doctors, and pharmacists, all enthusiastically invested their life savings in the colonial plan.

Then tragedy struck:

Before the second colonial fleet arrived in Panama in 1699, the "New Edinburgh" established by Scotland had been completely destroyed by the Spaniards, and the funds finally entered the pockets of the Spaniards.

Really. The boy who gave money.

This part of the funds was about 25% to 50% of the national circulating wealth in Scotland at that time, so Scotland collapsed.

in this case.

Scotland could only trade political union in exchange for economic aid and England's promise to ease trade restrictions.

So 1707.

The Joint Act of both parties was passed.

The Scottish Parliament dissolves and the two countries formally merge into a single "Kingdom of Great Britain".

Of course.

Not all Scots are in favor of this result, so for a long time—even in Xu Yunchuan's later generations, the voice of Scotland's independence is still not small.

And at this point in time.

Then it happens to be one of the key stages:

In another 36 years, the Scottish Self-Government Association will be established.

Although this wave of independence movements ended in failure, at this point in time, England and Scotland have been at odds.

The two sides had frequent frictions on the border, and there were even hundreds of people fighting with weapons.

Just out of sensitive considerations, both sides used hand-to-hand or cold weapons, and no one dared to use firearms.

under such circumstances.

The village of Mendi Solo only built a high wall last year, using this method that is much higher than ordinary fences to protect itself.

A few minutes later.

Everyone arrived outside an open space.

As a result, as soon as they arrived here, Thomson and Xu Yun frowned at the same time:

At this time, there was a table on the open space, and around the table were more than a dozen excited men, who were playing primitive games with howls.

There was a strange smell of sweat and alcohol all around.

The arrival of Thomson and the others attracted the attention of some people, but they just glanced at Thomson and the others before continuing to gamble.

Evar was not surprised by this either. He walked up to a tall and thin man and pulled him out of the crowd.

"Hey! Slow down!"

After standing still, the long-lived man shook the clothes that were crumpled by Evar, and complained:

"Father Elva, what are you doing? I was just about to place a bet!"

"Bet and bet, you know the bet!"

Evar slapped the man on the head imposingly, pointed at Thomson and said:

"Sterling, don't you even welcome guests when they come?"

The tall and thin man Sterling was taken aback when he heard the words, and immediately realized something.

He quickly looked at Thomson, and tentatively said:

"You mean"

Evar snorted coldly, folded his arms around his chest, and said:

"These gentlemen are visitors from Edinburgh, and the spindle of their carriage is broken. I remember you have some new three-inch spindles, don't you?"

The more Sterling listened, his eyes widened, and in the end his eyes almost flooded:

"Some, some, as many as you want!"

Students who have studied geography should know it.

The UK grows winter wheat, a crop that is sown in the fall and grows in the winter.

At this time, the solar terms coincide with autumn and winter, and the farmers have finished their farm work, and most of the prey in the forest are preparing to hibernate.

Therefore.

These idle farmers and hunters will come here to gamble.

Therefore, as a carpenter, Sterling has not opened much for several days, and can only try his luck at the gambling table.

After all, the peak sales season for agricultural tools is spring and summer, and so are hunting traps.

That's why Thomson looked so excited when he learned that he needed a carriage spindle.

Although the carriage spindle looks like a piece of wood, it is actually quite difficult to calibrate it without some skill.

Especially in the case of Thomson, which needs to travel long distances, the requirements for the spindle are even higher.

Therefore, the price will naturally not be low. (doi10.15967/j.cnki.cn14-1312/g4.2008.06.006, this is the reference for the cost of the single carriage)

Generally speaking.

The cost of the main shaft of a two-wheeled carriage accounts for approximately 25%-35% of the entire vehicle, which is approximately equal to the carriage + shaft.

In Britain in the 19th century, this price was basically equal to the income of selling fifteen farm tools. (Refer to F329/K27 in the classification of agricultural economy in the 04 edition of "Modern World History", OvO who called an acquaintance of the Academy of Social Sciences at 5 o'clock in the morning for help)

And just as Sterling nodded and bowed and took Thomson to his home.

Not far away at the extremely lively gambling table.

A burly man glanced at them calmly, and immediately put on an angry look:

"Wtf, the luck of this shit, it's not fair, reopen it! All three must be reopened!"

Seeing this, the other hunters on the side could not help but smile and said:

"Kurtz, you are drunk, get off the table and let me serve!"

The big man named Kurtz left the gambling table without any abnormality under the persuasion of everyone, and then he walked to the corner, and the drunkenness on his face disappeared instantly.

I saw him groping around for a moment before taking out a folded piece of paper.

Then he flattened it and placed it in front of him.

I saw that this piece of paper was drawing a sketch of a character who was six or seven points similar to Thomson, and at the same time some other information was attached.

And right above the portrait, there are a few English letters written impressively:

order for arrest! !

Kurtz carefully scanned the above content, and his eyes deliberately stayed on Thomson's beard and particularly high hairline for a while.

After a while.

Kurtz:

"√√√."