Meet the principal

A genius can remember the address of this website in one second: (Vertex Chinese), the fastest updates! No ads!? As Reiner turned on, there was a buzzing sound in the electronic generation circle, which Reiner could not catch with his naked eyes. Wherever they arrived, indescribable interactions occurred between atoms. The invisible force tore the atoms apart, but could not shake the rock-solid atomic structure. Only the electrons on the outside of the atoms were jolted by the rising and falling tide, and finally broke away. out of the bonds of atoms and become free electrons.

The electron had just escaped its restraints when it felt an inexplicable gravitational force, causing it to move in one direction. The speed of the electron was unconsciously controlled. It rushed out of the magic circle, but immediately faced a double seam.

This double slit was just right for the electron. It hesitated as to which slit to pass through, but its own speed did not allow it to think too much. It passed through the double slit at a relatively high speed, and finally It fell on the receiving screen and became a small point of light.

There are many, many more such electrons, and they fly out one by one, pass through the double slits, and come to the receiving screen.

According to the existing magic theory, these electrons will appear at random landing points on the receiving screen, because each electron randomly passes through one of the gaps between the double slits, and individual particles cannot interfere. Even if the electron has wave-particle duality, when it passes through the gap, it should produce diffraction fringes, not interference fringes that require a plurality of particles.

However, as Reiner's experiment progressed, interference fringes suddenly appeared on the receiving screen!

He repeated the experiment several more times, ensuring that only one electron passed through the double slit each time, but still obtained clear interference fringes.

This cannot be explained by current theories.

First of all, the current magic theory is a theory of cause and effect, that is, the phenomenon must have a cause, and the result will not appear until the cause is produced. To put it simply, if the electron appears interference fringes, it means that it is passing through the double slit. The interference phenomenon had already occurred at that moment, but a single particle obviously would not produce such a situation, which was contrary to the status quo.

It is as if each electron already knows that they will pass through the double slits in turn and know the landing point of the previous particle, so that interference fringes will be formed. This is obviously incredible.

"or……"

Lehner posited a hypothesis.

That is, before the electron comes into contact with the double slits, it still has the characteristics of a particle. When it encounters the double slits, it becomes a wave. According to the interference rules of waves, the electron that becomes the wave passes through the double slits and interacts with itself. It caused interference on its own, but at the moment it came into contact with the receiving screen, it became a converged particle again and became a point.

This assumption is extremely beyond common sense, but it also implies an even more amazing explanation.

Reiner thought, if there is no receiving screen, will the electrons showing wave properties when passing through the double slits always exist in the form of waves? Does the existence of the receiving screen change the properties of the electrons?

If the electron really becomes an independent wave when passing through the double slit, causing a self-interference phenomenon, and returns to the particle state when it encounters the accepting screen, it means that the existence of the accepting screen causes the electronic properties to change. Change.

This means that the observation will have an impact on the target particles.

Beside Reiner, a quill pen is constantly writing his experimental conclusions and speculations. Although humans cannot directly observe changes in the microscopic world, they can rely on imagination to explore. Reiner is now using human wisdom to understand the unknown world. Try the rules.

After completing this experiment, Reiner did not end his work this time. He recorded some more conjectures.

This is a hypothetical experiment, because in the electron double-slit interference experiment, the process in which the electrons interfere after they come out of the generating array until they pass through the double slits and reach the receiving screen is difficult to observe with current methods. .

so,

Reiner thought of using the third type of rays, which are electromagnetic waves with extremely short wavelengths, to measure electrons. In theory, this can be done.

Now that measurements have been made, it is necessary to determine the speed and trajectory of the electrons, but soon Reiner discovered a problem.

Obviously, for the third type of ray, the shorter the wavelength, the higher the measurement accuracy, and the more accurately the location of the electron can be measured.

But at the same time, according to Stein's formula and wave theory, the shorter the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave, the higher its frequency, and the higher the energy. The behavior of detecting electron trajectories through the third type of rays will cause certain interactions between electromagnetic waves and electrons. collision, thereby increasing the electron's momentum.

This phenomenon also occurs when using optical phenomena, such as a microscope, to measure a particle.

The principle of optical measurement of particles is that when light shines on the particles, part of the light will be scattered by the particles, thereby determining the position of the particles. Mages cannot determine the position of the particles further than the distance between the two wave crests of the light. To a small extent, the shorter the wavelength of light, the shorter the distance between which it is scattered, and the more accurate the determination of the particle position.

But similarly, due to the energy discontinuity theory of Stein's formula, the smallest unit of light is a photon, which cannot be smaller than a photon. Therefore, there are limits to measuring the position of particles.

At the same time, at this scale, the particle nature of light quantum will be extremely significant, which will have a great impact on the particles, thereby changing the momentum of the particles.

Simply put, if you want to accurately measure the momentum of a particle, you must use a wave with a longer wavelength. However, a wave with a longer wavelength cannot accurately measure the position of the particle. On the contrary, a wave with a shorter wavelength can measure the position of the particle relatively accurately. , but it will affect the momentum of the particle.

This means that mages cannot accurately measure the momentum and position of a particle at the same time.

This is the Iain Gray Uncertainty Principle proposed by Lehner.

Reiner did not just keep these experiments in the hypothetical stage, but conducted a series of calculations. Finally, he found that the uncertainty of the particle position must be greater than or equal to Stein's constant divided by 4π. This is due to the energy determined by discontinuity theory.

Based on the experimental results of the Inglen uncertainty principle and the electron double-slit interference experiment, Reiner made a bold hypothesis and proposed a new concept.

That is, microscopic particles, including electrons, are not themselves specific particles, but an electron cloud showing a probability distribution. Through observation, this probability cloud will collapse, thus reflecting the various characteristics of the particles.

This is Reiner's explanation for this series of experimental phenomena.