Military Technology

After Wu Hao finished speaking, everyone present nodded in approval. The difficulty of 3D printing technology still lies in printing. How to print precise organs and tissues is the biggest problem facing all scientific researchers.

If you want to print precise organs and tissues, you must have a very thorough understanding of the organs and tissues. Only by understanding the composition of organs and tissues, down to the rehearsal combination of each cell, can the printed organs and tissues remain active, survive in the patient's body, and perfectly replace the functions of the original organs and tissues.

If you want to understand the rehearsal and composition of each cell in an organ tissue, you need to conduct a fully detailed study of human organs. Although there are some mature research materials in the world, no one has been able to achieve such a task as far as the order of cell arrangement and combination. Therefore, the most important task before Wu Hao and the others is to have various Detailed digital model data of organs. Only when this kind of fine organ digital model is built can biological 3D printing be realized.

This is just like an ordinary 3D printer that needs to create a 3D model to be printed on the computer before printing an object. Only when the 3D model data is imported can the 3D printer print the corresponding model.

The principle of biological 3D printers is the same, but it is much more complicated than ordinary 3D printers, and the difficulty will also increase geometrically.

First of all, the models printed by ordinary 3D printers are actually solved and decomposed. The interior generally presents a honeycomb or hollow structure, leaving only the outer shell part. The advantage of this is to greatly reduce the use of consumables and save costs. Secondly, because there are fewer cross-sections to be printed, the printing speed will also increase a lot.

Although the printing time of this kind of 3D printer is very slow, if the hollow part is filled, the printing time will be increased several times.

Secondly, 3D printers, whether they are ordinary additive 3D printers or light-curing 3D printers, all have printing accuracy data. Limited by the hardware level and software level of 3D printers, the printing accuracy of 3D printers also varies. Good printer hardware and software are excellent, so the printing accuracy will naturally increase. In order to save money, cheap printers reduce the quality of hardware and software, so the printing accuracy is not so high. This is also reflected in the fineness of printed objects. The surfaces of objects printed by good 3D printers are smooth and delicate. The surface of objects printed by low-quality 3D printers will be very rough, and even show a spiral texture of annual rings, which is the trace of additive printing.

Secondly, printing accuracy is also related to printing time. The higher the accuracy of 3D printer printing, the longer it takes. On the contrary, the lower the printing accuracy, the faster the time will be.

On biological 3D printers, these problems need to be solved one by one. First of all, the printed organs and tissues must be printed strictly in accordance with the precise digital organ model data, without any deviation. This requires that the entire biological 3D printer must have high enough precision to be able to print micron-level cells.

Secondly, what is printed must be one-to-one solid organ tissue. It cannot just print out an empty shell like an ordinary 3D printer. This is definitely not possible.

Then there is the printing time, which is very critical when printing organs and tissues with a biological 3D printer. It is necessary to ensure that while ensuring sufficient printing accuracy, it must also ensure a fast printing speed.

You must know that the cells in the human body are not static, but are changing all the time. Cells are constantly aging and dying while being constantly renewed and regenerated. The lifespan of cells varies. The lifespan of intestinal mucosal cells is 3 days, the lifespan of liver cells is 150 days, the lifespan of taste bud cells is 10 days, the lifespan of nail cells is 6 to 10 months, and the lifespan of nerve cells in the brain, bone marrow, and eyes The lifespan of cells is several decades, which is almost the same as the lifespan of the human body, while some white blood cells in the blood can only live for a few hours.

These cells are alternately undergoing renewal and metabolism, thereby realizing the renewal of organ tissue cells, which requires that the entire printing time must be rapid. Don't spend too long just to ensure accuracy. If the printing time is too long, the printed organs and tissues will lose their activity and become dead flesh, without any medical value.

Therefore, in biological 3D printing, time is also one of the important problems that researchers must overcome.

The last and most difficult technology is how to ensure the activity of printed organs. Even with fast printing, it takes dozens or hundreds of hours to print a complete organ tissue. How to ensure the activity of printed organs and tissues? This is this One of the most critical issues in technology.

If this problem cannot be solved, the entire project will fail, and what will be printed will be a piece of dead flesh without any medical value.

Not only must the printing process and printed organs and tissues remain active, but the activity of the consumables required for printing, that is, the cells, must also be ensured. Only living cells can print living organs and tissues. If the cells are dead, the print will definitely be a piece of dead meat.

This technology is very difficult to ensure that all cells must be healthy and viable. If there are more necrotic cells among them, it will also affect the quality of the final printed organ tissue, and even the survival rate and functional integrity.

Moreover, these cells also need to go through the printing process. How to ensure the survival rate of these cells is also an important problem facing scientific researchers. Find Shuyuan www.zhaoshuyuan． com

In fact, the problems in this technology are far from these, there are many, many more. Even some issues that are usually not very important may become the key to getting stuck in this aspect.

Another example is that there are different types of organs and tissues, and different tissue structures. Although they are all composed of cells, the shapes of cells and the arrangement and combination of cells are also very different. The organizations presented by different permutations and combinations are also different.

For example, how to print the very important blood vessel network in organ tissues, how to print the grease part, how to print the cartilage part, etc.

Therefore, this biological 3D printer may not only be able to print with one nozzle, but may also use multiple nozzles for printing alternately. And it is not possible to just try out one kind of consumables (cells), you may need to prepare several consumables (consumables) to meet the printing needs of different structural parts in organs and tissues.

In this way, high-precision imitation printing of these human organs and tissues can be achieved, so that healthy printed organ tissues that meet medical transplant standards can be obtained and transplanted into the patients who need them to extend the patient's life.