Rebirth Turn of the Century

Semiconductor is a material relative to the term conductor. For ordinary people, semiconductor and integrated circuit refer to the same thing.

In 1883, Edison (not Tesla :)) experimented that "there is a current flowing in the vacuum gap between the filament and the metal plate, and the current has a unidirectional flow characteristic." He called this "Edison effect"

In 1889, the British Thomson further explained the Edison effect. Two years later, Thomson proved the existence of electrons through the Edison effect.

In 1904, the British Fleming invented the vacuum diode through the Edison effect.

Two years later, the Americans invented the vacuum triode.

In 1912, AT\u0026T and General Electric developed a high vacuum tube based on De Forest's triode.

Since then, regenerative radio (1912), radio station broadcasting (1920) and superheterodyne radio (1920) have come out one after another, long-distance radio communication, wireless telephone, radio, broadcasting, radar, inertial navigation, television, sound film, high-speed Frequency heating furnaces and computer consumer electronics came out one after another.

In 1946, the first computer came out at the University of Pennsylvania, and the disadvantages of electron tubes were fully exposed. So under the guidance of American Xiao Keli, Bardeen and Bratton successfully manufactured the first transistor, which was made of silicon and germanium semiconductors.

Historically, Xiao Keli was a genius, but his personality was not a thing. His eight subordinates didn't like him very much, so they resigned one after another, found Fairchild Company, which operates photographic equipment, and founded Fairchild Semiconductor.

It is unique in the entire history of human science that eight genius-like fairy children gather together to found a company

In 1962, during the development of Fairchild's No. 142 project "planar control equipment", two fairchildren first proposed: complementary metal oxide semiconductor "CMOS" technology for short, and determined the characteristics of CMOS at the solid-state circuit conference - " The power density of the static power supply is low, and the power density of the working power supply is high, which can form a high-density field-effect vacuum triode Logitech circuit."

Today, most of the integrated circuits in the world are developed based on CMOS technology.

Shockley developed the transistor, and the fairchildren kept the oxide plane on the top of the silicon, realizing the mass production of transistors: as long as thin metal lines are laid on the oxide, the components and wires are integrated, and all the transistors are connected internally. It can be realized in production again. This is the prototype of the integrated circuit.

Moore is one of the eight fairy children and also one of the founders of Intel Corporation. In 1975, in electronics, he threw out Moore's Law, which was widely recognized by the industry and became the first law driving the development of the information technology industry. . Microprocessor performance, memory capacity, sensors and even camera pixels are all evolving along the same path as Moore's Law.

The anti-Moore's Law mentioned above means that any company whose technological development cannot keep up with the requirements of Moore's Law will be eliminated, and it is no exception for large enterprises. Therefore, in addition to maintaining a high investment in R\u0026D, large enterprises also need to pay close attention to the development of emerging technologies, and frequently acquire small and medium-sized enterprises that may bring revolutionary new technologies, thus the venture capital mechanism emerges.

Among the flower growers, Huawei and Ali’s father are typical representatives. Let’s not talk about Huawei. The unicorn enterprise Cambrian invested by Ali is very interesting. The two founders are from the Junior College of Science and Technology, and their research is to simulate the human brain. Neuron smart chip.

In the Journal of Electronics (1975) Moore's prediction is gradually becoming reality today: integrated circuits will bring a series of miracles - home computers (or terminals linked to central computers), automobile automatic control systems, and portable communications equipment.

Regardless of national factors, I should thank these foreign geniuses. It is because of them that I can watch Douyin today and watch the competitive sports of the island country, which is very good!

Today, people are familiar with the words integrated circuit, semiconductor, and chip. From a conceptual point of view, a semiconductor refers to a material whose conductivity is between that of a conductor and an insulator. An integrated circuit is a large-scale electronic device made of semiconductor materials. A collection of circuits, while a chip is a product formed of integrated circuits.

Today, the use of chips has become ubiquitous, profoundly changing our lives.

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