Siheyuan: I am Liu Guangqi

After finishing Chen Jiahe's full moon wine, Liu Guangqi should be busy with his own affairs. Because it is a pilot two-year high school, Liu Guangqi will face the college entrance examination this year. Although Liu Guangqi does not think that the questions of this era can stop him.

You have to control yourself, a veteran who has fought out of the sea of ​​questions, but be careful and you won't make a big mistake.

After all, the college entrance examination is the most convenient shortcut to change a person's destiny. If the boat capsizes in the gutter, Liu Guangqi's lifelong reputation will be ruined. Speaking of the college entrance examination, many people think that the college entrance examination is something only after the founding of New China. In fact, this is not the case. As early as the Republic of China,

The college entrance examination had already appeared at that time, but it was only for a short time.

Moreover, the college entrance examination system did not appear suddenly. It was born after a long period of exploration. In the 26 years after the fall of the Qing Dynasty, that is, between 1912 and 1937, the enrollment of college students in the Republic of China was

Each school organizes and conducts it on its own, and each school sets its own propositions. This is the "independent enrollment" that is highly advocated in the 21st century.

At that time, the college entrance examination belonged to the "one piece of paper era", or the "one essay era". In other words, the exam was extremely simple, with few subjects and a small number of questions.

For example, in 1929, the Chinese language test at BJ University was just an essay question, and candidates only had to write a good essay. The essay question that year was divided into Part A and Part B. The question in Part A was: "In the Qing Dynasty, Li Zhuren advocated Western learning and established Jiangnan

The Manufacturing Bureau translated many scientific books, many of which were profound works. Why did it have little impact on the society at that time? Try to explain the reason." The question in Part B is: "What are the similarities and differences in the methods of studying Confucianism in Qing Dynasty compared with those of previous generations? Try briefly.

In other words."

At that time, the president of Peking University was the famous educator Mr. Cai Yuanpei. After Mr. Cai, from October 1930, Jiang Menglin became the president until October 1945.

After Jiang Menglin took office, the content of Peking University's examination papers became more extensive, but compared with the current examination, it is not an examination at all, at most it is a weekend quiz.

For example, the Chinese language test paper of Peking University in 1932 was divided into six parts. Although the content was much richer than the one essay in 1929, it only became like a test paper.

Under this enrollment model, colleges and universities have full autonomy in recruiting students. For example, at that time, many universities offered "preparatory classes," or "preparatory classes." More than 50% of students studying in "preparatory classes" could

You can go to college in your own school without taking the exam. In addition to these, there is also a method of "recommended students without taking the exam". The current system of recommended students is largely learned from the Republic of China. At that time, there was also a high school entrance examination, and those with excellent scores in the entrance examination could directly

Recommended admission to college. Generally speaking, 15% of the candidates who will take the general examination have the opportunity to be recommended, but the scores of recommended students are required to be no less than 80 points (out of 100).

In addition to "independent enrollment" and "recommended admission without examination", the Ministry of Education at that time also formulated and promoted enrollment systems such as "joint enrollment" and "entrusted enrollment". The Ministry of Education divided the examination areas and conducted a unified college entrance examination within the examination area.

Then, a university takes the lead and convenes a number of universities to jointly recruit students. For example, during the Anti-Japanese War, Southwest Associated University served as the lead school and organized various universities to conduct joint recruitment.

The registration, proposition, marking and other matters of joint enrollment are generally decided by each examination area according to the regulations of the Ministry of Education of the Republic of China. However, the enrollment quota of each school is reviewed by the Ministry of Education, and it is not possible to recruit as many as you want. If there is insufficient enrollment,

A second examination can be organized. This joint admissions system has indeed recruited many talents. For example, Deng Jiaxian, a famous nuclear physicist in the Republic and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, was admitted to the Department of Physics of Southwest Associated University in 1941 through joint admissions.

.

The Joint Admissions Examination also has "recommendations and exemptions", and the overall ratio is also very high. For example, in 1942, the ratio of the number of students admitted to the exam and the number of students exempted from the examination was 85:15, that is, out of 100 freshmen, 15 were recommended without examination. The recommended students

The requirements are much looser than now. The first requirement is of course outstanding students, but they will not be too rigid. Universities also recruit students from preparatory courses, and the proportion of these students who go to college without taking exams is as high as 50%. The conditions for entering preparatory courses are not

High school, passing grades in all subjects, and scores of 70 or above in Chinese, history, and geography are required.

In 1937, after the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, 52 of the 108 colleges and universities in the country moved to the rear area, and 27 of them moved to Chongqing. Students from the occupied areas subsequently flocked to Chongqing. In order to meet the special needs during the Anti-Japanese War, starting from 1938, the National Government

The Ministry of Education ordered all national colleges and universities to uniformly enroll students. Later, the scope of unified enrollment was extended to public colleges and universities.

For this reason, the Ministry of Education at that time established the National Unified Admissions Committee, which was responsible for the national unified college entrance examination. The committee was responsible for formulating admission brochures; grading papers and promulgating admission standards; formulating and promulgating test questions; reviewing scores; deciding and allocating admitted students. At the same time, it was also responsible for

Study the improvement of the admissions system and other related matters. In the same year, the first national unified college entrance examination was conducted.

At that time, the Ministry of Education set up recruitment branches in Chongqing, Chengdu, Kunming, etc., with registration in mid-July and exams in late July. There were three test centers in Chongqing: SPB, Beibei, and Jiangjin Baisha.

At that time, Chongqing spb gathered 16 inward-migrated universities. As the largest examination center in Chongqing, there were many teahouses from Xiaolongkan to Chongqing University, filled with students preparing for the examination. A bench and a cup of tea. This is how the students sat in the teahouses.

I spent the whole day reading and preparing for the exam.

At night, they lay down on the bench with all their clothes on. It was summer, so there was no need to worry about catching a cold. The teahouse was very humane, they only charged money for tea, and the benches were provided free of charge in the evening.

Starting in 1938, Japan launched a major bombing campaign against Chongqing that lasted for more than five years. In order to cope with the bombing, the examination papers were divided into two sets, A and B. "One set first. If the plane attacks, the candidates will immediately enter the air raid shelter."

Escape." The alarm is cleared, and another set of test papers will be used to continue the exam. Due to the lack of air circulation in the cave, some female students with poor health fainted during the exam."

Although the process was full of difficulties, this time the national unified college entrance examination was still welcomed by candidates across the country. The reason is very simple. Compared with the independent enrollment of colleges and universities, this examination method is more fair. Compared with the imperial examination that uses eight-part essay examination

In other words, it seems more scientific.

In 1939, universities across the country once again conducted unified admissions.

At that time, there were two subjects in the unified examination: one was a written test and the other was an oral test. The oral test was only for those who were admitted to normal colleges.

The written examination is divided into three groups: the first group is for the departments of liberal arts, law, business school, teacher education, history and geology, home economics, etc. The second group is for the departments of the college of engineering, the college of science, mathematics, physics, chemistry, astronomy, meteorology, and civil engineering

and other departments. The third group includes the departments of the School of Medicine, the School of Agriculture, and the Department of Natural History of the Normal University.

There were a total of eight examination subjects at that time, but the examination subjects for the three groups were all seven, four of which were exactly the same, namely, civics, Chinese, English, and national history and geography. In addition, mathematics was tested in all three groups, but the difficulty level was

Different shades.”

Since the exam was during the Anti-Japanese War, a condition was attached: "This year, the supervisor will send out the test questions in five routes due to traffic and time constraints... In order to be fast, most of them set off by plane, and the specialist who sent the questions finally arrived.

They must also assume the responsibility for surveillance. In order to prevent air raids or leakage of test questions during examinations, each district may prepare a copy of the test questions for each subject to prepare for use in the event of an accident.

There were a total of 20,06 candidates that year. The area was too wide, there were too many test papers, and transportation was difficult. Therefore, the examination was divided into zones. The scoring standards were divided into "full correct, half correct, incorrect, third grade, or excellent, good, average, and lower."

, worse than fifth grade, and explain the points deserved for each question, with a total score of 100 points. However, during the war, the National Unified College Entrance Examination faced one of the biggest problems, which was that it could not find a safe examination room.

At that time, Nanjing, Shanghai, and BJ were all occupied by the Japanese army, and it was obviously impossible to set up examination points. There were only a dozen enrollment areas in Wuchang, Changsha, Ji'an, Guangzhou, Guilin, Guiyang, Kunming, Chongqing, Chengdu, Nanzheng, and Fuzhou.

, and faced the danger of indiscriminate bombing by the Japanese army.

In addition, candidates traveled thousands of miles from their hometowns to take exams in these places, and their personal safety could not be guaranteed. Therefore, in 1941, the national unified college entrance examination was temporarily suspended. It was not until 1949 that the unified college entrance examination was re-conducted in mainland China and Taiwan.