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In fact, not only a certain cross society, but also most of the charitable organizations in China have big problems. It is just because of a certain incident in the United States that a certain cross society became the leader. In fact, the reason for this situation is because

The state's supervision of the charity industry is weak.

Xu Yongguang, chairman of the Nandu Charity Foundation, uses the "five invisibles" to describe the opacity of charity: donors are invisible, people in disaster areas are invisible, governments in disaster areas are invisible, charitable organizations in disaster areas are invisible, and the implementation of donations is invisible.

Therefore, the most important thing for charitable organizations is to allow everyone to check the flow of donations through the system on the Internet, and know where they are used and what projects are implemented.

After the Yushu earthquake, Shi Naikang, an overseas Chinese from Southeast Asia, drove 48 hours to Yushu himself regardless of his health and age. He wanted to have an on-site inspection and see with his own eyes the donated money turned into a school.

After the U.S.-American incident, a survey showed that more than 80% of people said they would no longer donate to a certain cross society. The openness and transparency of charitable organizations are still far from public expectations. The Ministry of Civil Affairs' "10 Years of National Charity Organization Information Disclosure"

The Current Situation Report shows that 42% of charitable organizations across the country do not have special information disclosure methods, 37% of charitable organizations do not have dedicated personnel responsible for information disclosure, and 90% of the public do not accept the current level and method of disclosure.

The two sides of transparent glass are put together, like a rectangular transparent bag, with the 10-year annual audit report of the China Charity Federation sandwiched in the middle, a total of 24 pages. The China Charity Federation finally adopted the shape of the "glass bag" to show the public to the public

Post the ledger.

A cross association's donation management information platform was launched at the end of July this year. It first announced the source and destination of Qinghaiyushu's donations for public inquiry, and then gradually put the donation information on it. The purpose of this is to create an open

A transparent online platform. Everyone can check the flow of donations through the system and know where it was used and what projects were implemented.

Zhao Baige, the newly appointed executive vice president of a cross society in China, pointed out that openness and transparency means scientific and transparent fund management. Social donations strictly follow the donor's intention and implement targeted donations to achieve scientific budgeting, fair execution, and open supervision.

.

Leader Zhu, director of the Legal Affairs Office of the Supreme Court, said that credibility and transparency are very important for charities. Non-political organizations have no power or money, so they rely on credibility. Credibility is the most valuable soft power of charitable organizations, but it is also the most vulnerable.

of “soft tissue”.

A good charity ecological environment cannot tolerate the monopoly of charity resources, nor can it shelter backward and ill-run charitable organizations.

Tianhai Clover Children's Rehabilitation Training Center is a private charity organization that specializes in rehabilitation training for autistic children. In May last year, the center moved to a villa with a garden in Minhang District, Tianhai City. However, within a few days of moving in, the center

A couple from a neighboring villa came to the house many times to have sex, believing that the children's noise was too loud and affecting their normal life. The local neighborhood committee demanded that Clover immediately vacate the community on the grounds that it was operating a school illegally.

According to regulations, there are three types of organizations registered with the civil affairs department, namely social groups, foundations and private non-enterprise units. Wang Zhenyao, director of the One Foundation Philanthropy Research Institute of Beijing Normal University, said that like One Foundation, which is a private charity organization,

A non-profit legal person registered with the Ministry of Civil Affairs and established in accordance with regulations using property donated by natural persons, legal persons or other organizations for the purpose of engaging in public welfare undertakings. Currently, there are

There are more than 00 organizations. The management of these three types of organizations is based on the principle of "dual management system", and there must also be a business supervisory unit. The business supervisory unit is generally the government department, or it can be a group organization recognized by the government department.

Only after confirmation by the business supervisory unit can it be registered with the civil affairs department.

Non-governmental public welfare organizations such as "Clover" cannot find a business supervisory unit and cannot register, thus becoming "black accounts". Non-governmental charitable organizations lack public welfare status and find it difficult to obtain funding. They face survival difficulties and are restricted in their development.

According to statistics from the Ministry of Civil Affairs, by the end of 2010, there were 439,000 social organizations of various types in the country, including 2,168 foundations, 243,000 social groups, and 195,000 private non-enterprise units. In particular, non-public foundations have increased significantly.

The number is basically equivalent to that of public foundations.

Yang Tuan, deputy director of the Social Policy Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, believes that charity needs a clear positioning in the development process. Who is the main body of charity? Is it civil society or the government? Charity is chosen by civil organizations in accordance with the law and

The specific implementation is still led by the government, with government intervention and direct management. So far, there is no clear consensus.

Xu Yongguang believes that the current registration system design of private public welfare organizations basically excludes private public welfare organizations without political background. The administrative monopoly of charity resources has suppressed the public's enthusiasm for charity and stifled the vitality of private charity.

This is not worth the loss.

Promote the establishment of charitable organizations with high transparency and credibility, and clarify the relationship between political responsibility and private charity, charity and business.

The incident between the United States and the United States is related to a certain Cross Society because she claims to have the title of "General Manager of a certain Cross Society Chamber of Commerce." No matter the local organizations of a certain Cross Society, or a certain Cross Hospital, a certain Cross Blood Center, etc. have a certain cross in their name,

Regardless of whether it is related to a certain Cross Society or not, if anything happens to an organization, it will be recorded on the account of a certain Cross Society.

The embarrassment of a certain cross society in an incident between the United States and the United States has exposed the dilemma of my country's charity legislation from one aspect. With the transformation of society and the change of political functions, the current charity regulations can no longer meet the requirements of reality, and the absence of charity laws hinders with the development of my country’s philanthropy.

However, as an organization introduced to China from the United States, supervision in the United States is much stronger.

"In the United States, this happens less often because charities have clear fundraising goals, symmetrical information between donors and charities, timely communication, frequent project evaluations, and active accountability of donors," said Dr. He Lijun of Indiana University School of Philanthropy.

.

Regardless of whether this incident (a U.S.-American incident) is true or not, from a public relations perspective, it is better to coordinate internally and have a designated executive serve as the spokesperson to specifically accept media questions and interviews, so as to avoid information confusion or even information conflict.

." He Lijun said.

"I worked for a state Red Cross for one year as an assistant to the large-amount fundraising manager, responsible for donor information management and board coordination." He Lijun told reporters that the American Red Cross has a three-level structure, from top to bottom.

They are the National Red Cross Society, the State Red Cross Society, and the city and county Red Cross Society. In fact, these branches have no superior-subordinate relationship with the Federation, but more of a cooperative relationship. In other words, these Red Cross branches have autonomy.

, their respective fundraising operations, and carry out special disaster relief and community services suitable for local needs.

"Therefore, in addition to rescuing people affected by domestic disasters, the Red Cross is engaged in more routine and normalized services. Because they are not government-run charities, they need to maintain operations by serving the local community and raising funds from the community.

." He Lijun said. These services include social disaster prevention.

Disaster reduction education, popularizing first aid knowledge (they believe that first aid knowledge should not only be available to volunteers, all people should receive training in this area), disaster relief, undertaking some of the more competitive first aid work in the community and the families of military service personnel

Communication, condolences to veterans, etc.

He Lijun said that the ultimate purpose of all this work is to create every possibility so that the people it serves can understand this organization, see its real role, and accept and donate to it.

"To improve the credibility of a charitable organization, we should first start with the internal governance of the organization." He Lijun said that the state American Red Cross where she worked has two boards of directors, the executive board and the advisory board. The executive board

The number of members is limited, and they are mostly composed of elite volunteers with strength and leadership ability in the community. Of course, government governance also includes ordinary people. They jointly discuss and formulate the structure and strategic direction of the Red Cross Society, and have full authority to manage the Red Cross Society; the number of advisory board members

More, with a wider range of community representative surnames, reflecting diversity

Representatives of the community, including doctors, teachers, students, lawyers, businessmen, etc., mainly provide assistance and consultation for various tasks of a certain cross society, help feedback community information, listen to the diverse voices of the community, and better serve the community.

The laws of non-profit organizations in the United States clearly stipulate three important obligations of the board of directors: loyalty to the organization, fulfillment of responsibilities for organizational management, and obedience to the mission. If a charitable organization has related transactions or other behaviors that violate the mission of the organization, the board of directors

The decision-making process and reasons are the first to be blamed.

One of the keys to maintaining the credibility of the American Cross and many other charitable organizations is that public trust and donations have the power to make or break the general operations of charities. According to the authoritative statistics of "Giving America", the annual charity in the United States is US$30 billion.

Among the donations, about 73% were from individuals, and donations from foundations accounted for 14%.

%, legacy donations account for 8%, and corporate donations only account for 5%. The huge vitality and strength of individual donations have made American charity organizations fully aware of the importance of public trust, and do their best to enhance the public's understanding of the organization in normal times

and trust, and receive general operational support, not just targeted donations before major natural disasters.

"However, in some cases, the government will also allocate funds to a certain cross society." He Lijun explained that because the government will only provide funding when the government requires the Red Cross to perform certain aspects of rescue or community services.

, in fact, this should be called the government purchasing services from the Red Cross. This also just shows that the Red Cross and the government are a cooperative partnership, and there is no such thing as "management by reference to civil servants."

In fact, because the American Red Cross is a strictly private charity organization, it directly faces the victims who need assistance without going through other links. Therefore, the American Red Cross can mobilize its internal rescue forces to rush to the rescue in the fastest possible time.

They go to the scene to carry out rescue, and can immediately organize donations and mobilize volunteers. A disaster relief expert commented: Their actions are as fast as the delivery of bad news.

He Lijun said that a cross society in the United States accepts donations, and every time a major disaster occurs in the United States, any donor has the right to ask a cross society in the United States to provide detailed accounts of financial management.

"Even so, a certain cross society in the United States inevitably encountered a crisis of trust, and more than once," He Lijun said.

For example, after the 9.11 incident, Dr. Bernardine Healy, the then president of a certain Cross Society, tried to divert US$200 million from the funds raised to launch a "** Fund" plan to support a certain Cross Society.

other projects of the Association. This move was met with

Donors strongly protested. For this reason, although it was not corruption, Bernardine Healy had to take the blame and resign. A certain cross society also apologized to the public and stated that they would make the financial management of a certain cross society more transparent in the future.

ization and fully respect the wishes of the donor.

In addition, in 2005, a cross society in the United States failed to respond well to the relief efforts of Hurricane Katrina and was accused of improperly diverting millions of dollars in donated materials. Donors withdrew their funds one after another. In 2008, a cross society was so embarrassed that it asked Congress for help.

, Congress gave the Cross $100 million for disaster relief after several hurricanes.

It is these lessons that have made the supervision of charitable institutions in the United States increasingly perfect, and "I have the final say on my donation" has become the first principle that the American Red Cross cannot go beyond.

The first lies in the nature of its private voluntary governance, its diverse and independent board of directors, which overcomes the opacity and centralization of organizational decision-making. Its decision-making is not responsible for the government, but more for the people the organization serves, the donors.

Wait for responsibility and accept public accountability at all times.

Secondly, there are active industry self-regulatory organizations and third-party professional evaluation and regulatory agencies. For example, there are many charity supervision and rating agencies in the United States. They regularly collect relevant information about relevant public welfare organizations and rank them, many of which are negative rankings, such as

Fundraising kickback rate rankings, financial crisis rankings, CEO salary rankings of inferior organizations, and grants hoarding and unspent rankings. Once the credibility of a charity is questioned, it may be abandoned by the public. Driven by this supervisory force, charities have improved themselves one after another.

Operational transparency.

According to the evaluation of Charity Navigator, the most authoritative charity rating station in the United States, a certain cross in the United States scored 55.35 points (out of 70 points) because administrative and fundraising expenses usually account for about 8% of total expenses.

The degree and transparency are 70 points out of 70.

Third, public donors are vital to the life of the organization. Due to the civilian nature of the American Red Cross, its daily operations and services rely on donations from the community and the public. Therefore, public donations and accountability are vital to the life of the organization.

.Satisfying donors and serving people is the driving force for the survival of charitable organizations.

Fourth, political supervision. The U.S. government has carried out multi-faceted supervision of charitable organizations. Charitable organizations will report to the Internal Revenue Service in detail every year the sources and expenditures of funds for the year, as well as the ins and outs of funds for various activities, for the purpose of government inspection.

Whether the activities of a charitable organization comply with tax exemption regulations, and tax exemption is related to the development and even survival of a charitable organization. Such supervision has become an important guarantee for ensuring the transparency of charitable organizations.

Finally, there are legal constraints. In the United States, most states stipulate that public welfare organizations must submit annual reports to the state’s chief prosecutor. The chief prosecutor can also prosecute charities that violate the public interest on behalf of the public; any U.S. citizen (not only

Donors only) can check the accounts of the charity.

"Actually, a cross society in the United States can also make money from commercial income, such as through first aid knowledge training, first aid services for commercial competitions, a cross first aid supplies gift shop, etc. But the key is that the income cannot be allocated to individuals, but used for

The further development of the organization. Otherwise, you will be severely punished by the law."

"It is precisely because of the above-mentioned comprehensive supervision measures that the American Cross Society, which is active in the civil society of the United States, can reduce or reduce the occurrence of the 'certain U.S.-American incident'." He Lijun said.

Of course, this actually has something to do with the economic environment of the United States.

On December 24, 2008, China Central Television broadcast a piece of news on the morning news: Under the impact of the subprime mortgage crisis, Americans' Christmas consumption has quietly changed.

According to a survey by Gallup, the average Christmas budget of Americans this year dropped to US$639 from US$833 last year. This is the first change. The second point is that giving gifts is the highlight of Christmas for Americans. However,

This year, hit by the subprime mortgage crisis, financial crisis and economic downturn, many families only give gifts to their children.

The elderly and other family members and friends no longer give each other Christmas gifts. The third change is that compared with previous years, the Christmas gifts given out this year are much smaller, and more people choose to buy small trinkets as gifts. Although businesses have resorted to tricks

Many companies have extended their business hours and increased their discounts, but the various discount tactics seem to have lost their appeal.

According to a survey, this year may be the most stingy year for Americans to give Christmas gifts. According to the latest ABC survey, 57% of respondents said they would reduce gift spending. Changes in Christmas consumption are related to Americans’ economic expectations

Pessimistic expectations about the outlook are closely related.

The latest survey from Quinnipiac University shows that the majority of Americans think that the current economic situation is "very bad" or "not very good." However, the difference is that there is still persistence amidst the changes. For many Americans

, despite the lack of money on hand, three types of Christmas expenses must not be saved: one is Christmas trees, the other is electronic products, and the third is charitable donations. For most Americans, no matter how depressed the economy is, Christmas would not be complete without a Christmas tree.

Preliminary data shows that Christmas tree sales this year are the same as last year. The only difference is that more people choose to buy cheaper small trees this year. Liebgott, an economist who studies American consumption habits, pointed out that the preference for electronic products is the main reason why Americans prefer electronic products.

An obvious feature of holiday consumption. Despite the economic downturn, personalized electronic products will still be one of the main choices for Americans to give Christmas gifts.

In addition, many Americans still maintain the tradition of making charitable donations at Christmas. According to a Pew Center survey, 84% of Americans made charitable donations through various channels during this Christmas to tide over the "cold winter" of the financial crisis.

The Christmas holiday adds warmth and warmth. After reading this news,

I have deep feelings about the changes and changes in Christmas consumption among Americans. Even though the economy is in recession and the quality of life has declined, many people still think that while they are enjoying their Christmas dinner, there are still people who need everyone’s help. Charity is not only

It is just a temporary act of kindness, but should be a habit of life.

The constantness they maintained or adhered to was like the warm sunshine in winter, which warmed and moved people. As a grassroots charity worker, I was deeply moved by the constant charity donations and couldn't help but think of ours.

Country: In 2005, the total amount of charitable donations was 3.1 billion yuan, in 2006 it was 10 billion yuan, and in 2007 it was 30.9 billion yuan. Whether it is the highest single donation or the scale of spontaneous donations from ordinary people,

In the special year of 2008, new records were set for China’s philanthropy. Has China become a major philanthropic country? What are the things worth reflecting on and summarizing about China’s philanthropy after experiencing the “512” earthquake disaster?

"If the Ministry of Civil Affairs convened the first China Charity Conference in 2005, which sounded the clarion call for the development of China's philanthropy, then it can be said that after 2008, China's philanthropy has stood on a new stage." On December 5, said

Wang Zhenyao, Director of the Department of Social Welfare and Charity Promotion of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, said this at the Second China Charity Conference.

It is not difficult to see two problems from these figures. First, although my country's charity development has made great achievements, the development of my country's charity is still in its initial stage. Although the total donation amount in 2008 reached 100 billion yuan, its role in my country's economy The proportion of the total amount is very small. As early as 2005, the amount of charitable donations in the United States reached 260.3 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for 2% of the GDP that year, and the per capita donation reached 878 U.S. dollars.

Second, due to the relatively weak concept of charity, citizens do not pay much attention to charity in their daily lives, which has affected the rapid development of charity. This is not only affected by the cultural differences between China and the West, but also by the different security systems and tax preferential systems.

influence, and more importantly, the support of a charity concept. Therefore, it is very necessary to strengthen the construction of citizen charity concepts.

Want. As China’s charity has just started, it should not only focus on the amount of donations and relief, nor measure charity work only with quantitative indicators. In the long run, it should strive to create a charity atmosphere so that the concept of charity can be deeply rooted in the hearts of the people and all people can participate in charity.

And eventually turning charity into a life habit is what we should strive to do in the development of charity in China.

Speaking of living habits and lifestyle, I think of Yang Lan, who started by helping the poor sporadically, and then established the "Sunshine Culture Foundation" and donated 51% of the equity of Sunshine Media Investment Group to society for free.

As a public figure, people value celebrities’ appeal for charity, but when telling her own story, Yang Lan is more willing to understand charity from the emotions of an ordinary person——

"This is my own way of handling property based on wishful thinking. I am very calm. I think everyone is not used to this kind of thing, and the public will slowly adjust its attitude towards wealth."

Yang Lan mentioned that he and Wu Zheng had been thinking about donating assets for the past two years, but their ideas were not clear. "We always said, 'Donate more assets after retirement.'" But.

The sudden death of several good friends around them in 2005 and other reasons changed their minds. Visual master Chen Yifei was also their friend. He did not account for his property before his death, which caused disputes after his death. So we decided

, things that have to be done sooner or later are not as good as now

Just do it. Her friend reminded her: "Other people will ask, what is your purpose for doing this?" Yang Lan said: "My idea is that to some extent, this is a very personal decision for us, just like me

There is a beautiful dress that I would like to give to a good friend. I feel very happy after sharing it.”

After the media reported the news, at a friend's dinner, an entrepreneur friend also asked about her original intention. Yang Lan said: "Money can bring blessings, and it can also bring evil. By doing this, we have given our children a lot of liberation.

You can enjoy a lot of happiness and build a good tradition." Some friends agreed after hearing this, while others said, "No matter what, I still want to leave all the money to my son."

Yang Lan said lightly: "For me, these ideas have no distinction between high and low, and I don't want to bring moral pressure to others. It's just a different way of life for individuals." There is an old saying in China.

It is well said, "precaution will lead to failure, failure to preempt will lead to failure". Among the many entrepreneurs I have come into contact with, many people also think this way: "When I retire, when I get old, I will...".

"What you have to do sooner or later, why not do it now!" Try your best to do it, even if it is just a little bit.

At a charity dinner held in a manor in Texas, a little girl named Lucy donated all her 30 US dollars and 25 cents. She said, "Charity is not about money, it is about the heart." Ling was present.

Everyone was moved. The protagonist of the charity dinner that day was not Annan, the advocate, or Mr. Warren Buffett, who donated 3 million US dollars, but little Lucy. The theme slogan of the dinner also changed to this sentence: "Charity"

It’s not money, it’s heart.”

Philanthropy is of great significance to promoting the comprehensive progress and sustainable development of society, to the construction of a harmonious socialist society, to the prosperity and long-term stability of the country, to alleviating social conflicts, to adjusting the redistribution of interests, and to the people's livelihood and happiness.

More to say. From the various preferential policies introduced by the country in recent years, as well as the State Council’s adjustment of the functions of the Ministry of Civil Affairs this year, the establishment of the “Social Welfare and Charity Promotion Department”, especially the No. 1 director’s personal visit to the Second China Charity Conference

and delivered an important speech,

It is not difficult to see that the country attaches great importance to charity, which fully demonstrates the government’s determination to vigorously promote the development of charity. Among these, our charitable organizations at all levels should strive to build a platform so that everyone can participate in this project.

Career, let charity become a habit and a way of life. Our media can discover it, spread it, amplify it to the maximum extent, and play a role in paving the way for the development of charity. Through various charity activities,

Promote the concept of charity, influence all walks of life, use "things around you to touch people around you", let more companies and citizens assume their due social responsibilities, and drive more companies and citizens to become participants, builders, and witnesses of charity

We have reason to believe that charity will eventually move from participating in emergency disaster relief to various fields of daily social construction and become a way of life for the public. "I am charitable, I am happy" will become a modern life

concept.

Of course, in fact, the exposure of the charity crisis is not really a bad thing.

If the "charity controversy" has hurt the public's enthusiasm for charity to a certain extent, then this social discussion involving experts, media, industry and the public has also gathered a lot of consensus on charity.

For example, transparency and openness are the soul of modern charity. Charities can only be equipped with "glass pockets" so that the public can donate with confidence; professionalism ensures that donations can be used efficiently. Professionalism and professional ethics are the key to withdrawing management fees with a clear conscience.

Only by eliminating the dual management system and liberalizing the rights of public fundraising can the philanthropic power hidden in society be stimulated and a more dynamic "charity market" be formed.

The healthy development of charity does not mean that there are no problems at all, but that it can face and solve problems. Only by moving from "how to see" to "how to do" can we promote the progress of my country's charity industry and the improvement of charity level. A cross in China The association’s “Donation Information Release Platform” has been put into trial operation, taking an important first step; in order to standardize information disclosure, the “Public Charity Donation Information Disclosure Guidelines” are soliciting opinions from the public. It can be said that these are all driven by the charity crisis. Consensus is implemented step by step in practice.

The institutional level is also undergoing deeper exploration. The "One Foundation" has overcome its identity dilemma and transformed into a public foundation; the Ministry of Civil Affairs may "loosen" public welfare organizations and can register directly without the need for business supervisory units. These reveal common

Signal: The role of the government will shift from "strict approval" to "strict supervision", and diversification will be the future charity landscape.

Of course, any change has its own historical baggage and obstacles from traditional logic, and it cannot be achieved in one step. This is also the awareness that the public, as the main body of charity, should have.

After the crisis, the public needs to deepen their understanding of charity. While seeing the shortcomings of charitable organizations, they also see their important role. While accepting their work, they also recognize the necessary management costs. More importantly, they need to calm down the "charity crisis"

"Aroused strong emotions, we are actively engaged in charity as in the past, not to let donations decrease, not to let the blood bank be in a hurry, not to let people in need of help lose hope while waiting.

After the crisis, charitable organizations and management departments also need to re-examine the relationship between the media and charity. During this period, as a relevant person from the Ministry of Civil Affairs pointed out, "charitable donations have dropped to a freezing point". Some people are angry at some people's "naivety and ignorance", and some are angry at some people's "naivety and ignorance".

Blame it on the media’s “pursuing and fierce pursuit”. It is true that looking back at the “charity crisis”, some organizations have indeed been “shot while lying down”; looking forward to the trust repair after the “charity scar” is revealed.

Again, the role of the media as a positive communicator and guide should undoubtedly be strengthened, but complainers also need to realize that existing problems come first, and news reports come second. The Ministry of Civil Affairs confirmed that “the total amount of social donations has not

"Significant drop", but the phenomenon of "charitable institutions receiving less donations" shows that the public's enthusiasm for charity has always existed and been released, and the decline in the credibility of charities was not caused by media reports.

For charity, this is our vision: legal norms, political supervision, public supervision, good organizational governance, industry self-discipline, social choice, equal competition, survival of the fittest, and win-win cooperation. And this beautiful picture requires charity practitioners and social management

Authors, media, and every member of society including you and me, jointly draw this.

As an institutional constraint, the impact of the institutional environment on the actual operation and future development of charitable organizations is very special and worthy of attention, both in terms of policy significance and practical value. It is also necessary to study the institutional environment of charitable organizations.

and progressive significance. From the perspective of the institutional school of organizational sociology, we conduct an in-depth

Study the "convergence significance" of organizational structures caused by the external institutional environment of charitable organizations and its internal mechanism, and propose a path out of the "convergence" trap in a targeted manner, so that charitable organizations can have high-level performance while complying with the constraints of the institutional environment.

Efficient organizational structure model, so as to achieve a win-win situation for the organization in terms of fairness and efficiency.

Since the reform and opening up, China's market economic reform has achieved world-renowned achievements, which has greatly promoted the rise of citizen consciousness and the spread of political ideas, and directly provided a strong driving force for the development of charitable organizations. At the same time,

In the field of public administration, with the introduction of governance concepts, charitable organizations and governments are gradually becoming the subjects of joint governance. In this context, charitable organizations themselves

The establishment of an organizational structure is an important condition for the performance of its functions. As a special external resource-dependent social public organization, the most direct and closest relationship with it is the external institutional environment that charitable organizations rely on to survive. Based on various literatures, we

It is found that the theoretical research on organizational environment mainly focuses on the organizational environment of for-profit organizations or the internal organizational environment of public organizations.

Mr. Yu Keping has conducted research on the institutional environment of civil society, and some scholars have also talked about the operational problems of charitable organizations caused by institutional constraints from the perspective of organizational sociology. However, these studies have only stayed on the surface of the organization.

No one has deeply analyzed the institutional environment into the structural design level of the organization, analyzed the restraint mechanism of the institutional environment on charitable organizations to the depth of the organizational structure, and analyzed some problems existing in charitable organizations from the perspective of the mechanism of the institutional environment on the organizational structure design.

Disadvantages and problems, this article will focus on this point of analysis.

A modern charity organization refers to a kind of charity that is based on philanthropy as its moral basis, with social donations as its economic backing, and that operates outside of political organizations. It provides the public with poverty alleviation, disaster relief and orphans, and the development of education that are beneficial to public welfare. Non-profit, non-political groups and organizations with a purpose. Due to the special national background and institutional environment, my country's charitable organizations are inevitably affected by some institutional factors, so they also reflect some unique institutionalized organizational phenomena. Since the mid-to-late 1990s

In 2004, my country's charity industry has made great progress and experienced unprecedented prosperity. As of the end of 2004, there were 395 charitable organizations in the name of "charity" registered with the civil affairs department, and the number of a certain cross society was as high as 70,000 There are more than 28,000 social donation receiving sites. To

In September 2005, there were 731 charity associations at all levels across the country, including 1 national charity association, 30 provincial charity associations, and prefecture-level charity associations. There are 2 associations and 499 county-level charity associations [4]. In addition, there are a large number of foundation organizations and other charitable organizations. It can be seen that the development of charity organizations in my country is quite rapid.

Although my country's charity development history is relatively short compared with international charity, the charitable organizations that were born under my country's special national conditions have extremely obvious Chinese characteristics. Most of them are in various countries. Established with the direct support of the civil affairs department at the top level, they have extremely close flesh-and-blood ties with the civil affairs department. Some charitable organizations have just been separated from the civil affairs department, and they are still "one department, two brands" with the civil affairs department.

; Some charitable organizations have their leaders and staff directly from the government departments, and even have an organizational form and operational logic similar to those of the government, resulting in a special organizational convergence phenomenon, that is, numerous charitable organizations,

Regardless of whether it is official or private, a similar organizational model appears in terms of organizational operating mechanisms and organizational structures. This convergent organizational model is exactly what is produced under the constraints of China's special institutional environment.

organizational phenomena.

The organizational structure of charity is the contact method and form of interaction between the various components within the charity organization, involving the decentralization and centralization of decision-making, the determination of the scope of management, the establishment of organizational levels, information communication between grassroots and other issues. In fact, my country's charity Most of the organizational structures of organizations are relatively simple. A comprehensive analysis of the structure charts of charitable organizations with representative surnames in my country shows that charities

Organizations generally adopt a relatively simple straight-line and functional system in department design, while the hierarchical design tends to be a towering design, with a clear division of labor between superiors and subordinates. The ideal structure of charitable organizations also mostly includes members meetings such as

, Board of Directors, Standing Council, Advisory Committee, Honorary President, Secretariat, offices under the Secretariat, etc. Specifically:

As the core organization of charitable organizations, the Board of Directors is the highest authority with decision-making and leadership rights. Such as the China Youth Foundation, the China Poverty Alleviation Foundation, the China Women's Development Foundation, etc. In a country with a national member representative conference

In the organization, the National Member Congress is the highest authority. It is held every five years to decide on the directors.

The appointment and dismissal of personnel and various major decision-making matters of the association, such as the China Charity Federation, the China Disabled Persons' Federation, a cross society in China, etc. This organizational structure is closely related to the nature of China's charitable organizations. It is precisely because

Charitable organizations' dependence on political axes has caused charitable organizations to converge with political ax organizations in the design of organizational structures and command chains. (To be continued.)