super music master

Although I just saw a trace of energy, Wu Ling already knew that the church was dangerous because of its extreme pure, so it would reject all the other categories other than them.

There is no reason for exclusion, just because they feel that they are white, so everything other than white is heres

wipe out.

The church is different from Hua Guo. The culture of the Chinese country is tolerant. Whether it is useful and useless, you can accept everything, and to accommodate everything.

This is why China can exist for thousands of years. If you are careful, you can find that the culture of Hua Guo does not have a real main line culture. Instead

A special huge culture, such a culture can truly spread it.

But the church is different. The church pays attention to pure. He is not only pure to outsiders, but even to himself. They pay attention to their completely white and do not allow any black existence.

It will also think of the other party as heresy.

In fact, because of this pure, there are different voices inside the church, but it has been suppressed. However, although such a sound can be suppressed, it cannot be completely eliminated, so there is a medieval philosophy in the Middle Ages.

The rise.

From the 12th to the 13th centuries, a series of major changes have occurred in Western European society. The teaching power has achieved a significant victory in the struggle with the imperial power. A group of universities have risen, becoming an important place for philosophers in the Economic College to study, lecture, and controversy.

The newly generated Francis and Dominic Council in the reform of the monastery system, except for the characteristics of the general amendments, are also enthusiastic about academic activities, emphasizing evangelism and teaching, focusing on activities in universities, and in the university town, and also

Actively participate in the creation of some emerging universities and theological Institutes, and soon in many universities, they have their teachings.

The emergence of these two practices played a very important role in promoting the development of the philosophy of the hospital, and created many famous scholars. After the 13th century, the famous philosophers of the Economic Corps were almost from these two cultivation.

Prosperity provides important external conditions. As far as philosophy itself is concerned, important opportunities are the re -emergence of Aristotleism. After the Holy See obtained the status of state religion, the tradition of ancient Greek philosophy was forced to move eastward.

Persia, Syria, finally reached a certain degree of prosperity in the Arabs. Due to the influence of the Syrian and the relatively developed technology level of the Arabs itself, the Arabs pay more attention to the study of Arabia.

Lisod, especially his metaphysical and natural philosophy, thus forming Aristotle, who has Arabic color, the most important representatives are Awaida (A) and Awelli (

Averro? S).

In the West, Aristotle has essentially strange people. Regarding his works, only what the Holy See world knows is the "Category" and "Explanation" as logical works. Although his thoughts have been in the 11th century

It has begun to enter the school of Western Europe, but it is also limited to the logical ideas in the above two works. The 12th century, due to various politics, economy and other social history, the East and West began to contact frequently. In this case, in this case, in this case, in this case, in this case, in this case, in this case, in this case, in this case,

Ancient Greek civilization was introduced to Western Europe by the hands of the Arabs. A large number of ancient Greek philosophical works and scientific works were introduced to the Latin world, including Aristotle's "Sacred School", "Physics", "On the Soul of the Soul"

"," Niger Macin Ethics "," Analysis Article ", and the Comments of these works by Arabs.

As a result, in front of the Western Europeans, there was a sudden knowledge, deep thinking, huge system, and attaching great importance to the surname and experience.

The Arabian Aristotoism, which is formed on the basis, is the philosophy of Awelliism, regards the material world as the object of their own thinking, and regards God as the first promoter of material movement.

As a result. In addition, they also gave up the immortality of the soul. The introduction of Aristotle's philosophy with strong Awelli -colors is bound to be based on Platoism.

Augustine philosophy, which is authoritative to the theory of the Holy See's theory, has a direct conflict. For self -protection, this philosophy even proposes a dual true theory, that is, the truth of theology does not necessarily be truth in philosophy.

It seems that it is not necessarily the truth. Both truths exist and do not interfere with each other.

The significance of this doctrine is that it not only deeply reveals the differences and contradictions between the surnames and faith, but also the difference between philosophy and theology.

"The point of view is completely opposite, and trying to make the scientific research of the surname get rid of the restraint of the ancestors. Compared with the traditional Holy Hoor theology, it pays attention to the facts, pays attention to experience, and the Alisdo philosophy of the surname is obviously more helpful to help

People know and explain the world, which is more conducive to the liberation of thought. Its approach undoubtedly opened a gap on the closed position of the Holy See theology.

In the second half of the 12th century, in the universities in Western Europe, especially at the University of Paris at the time, the University of Paris set off a wave of learning and studying Aristotle philosophy.

The world has made new analysis and explanations, and the ideology of the church has encountered a strong challenge.

Of course, the Roman Church will not turn a blind eye to this. In order to maintain the authority of the Holy See theology and the philosophy of the scriptures, in order to curb the spread of Aristotle philosophy, at the 199 -year Paris sect.

The university makes a decision: Teachers must not transcribe, read, teach or preserve Aristotle's works in any form, and the offenders are eliminated.

Since then, the church's Supreme Authority has issued orders successively, announcing Aristotle's "Physics", "Settlement of School", etc.

Philosophy is regarded as "heresy evil theory". However, just relying on high -voltage policies and simply adopting the rejection practice, it cannot curb the spread and development of Aristotle philosophy.

The decision of the church quickly became a paper empty text. During this period, Aristotle philosophy is still the most popular philosophical doctrine of European universities. Many teachers and students even can attract Aristotle as the theoretical basis

For the pride. This situation has made the Roman church have to seriously consider how to treat Aristotle philosophy in ideology. As a result, the fundamental change has undergone a result in just decades. Aristotle philosophy was recognized as philosophy

The greatest authority of science. Since 1366, the two envoys of the Pope of Roman, the Cup Cup Cup in order to stipulate that Aristotle's logic must be studied, and later stipulated that he must study his metaphysics and physics

Can't get a premium degree.

In the process, almost all philosophers have been influenced by Aristotle. A group of clergy professors represented by Blaoste's Siegel, who has fully accepted Arish

Dodo philosophy, publicly supported the Avilot School, was called Latin Aweliism. This doctrine was like the orthodox scripture philosophy represented by Augustine philosophy at the time, and from Aristotle's philosophy

I have some conclusions that cannot be compatible with the traditional doctrine of the Holy See, and cannot accept the church authorities. The Francis sects represented by Harleus's Alexander and Poen Viendura are old -fashioned. Although they are formally in form

It also accepted the content of some Aristotle philosophy, but in principle, it stubbornly adhered to the Augustinism tradition and rejected the adoption of the adoption of Aristotle philosophy.

In the face of the new reality, this view is unavoidable to be pale and weak. Dominic sects represented by Albert and Thomas have opened up the third path to the Lord.

It is used for the church, and at the same time can maintain the authoritative position of the Holy See's teachings, or in other words, open up a way to combine New Platoism and Aristotle philosophy to use Aristotle philosophy to serve the Holy See's theology. This.

Between the three trends of thoughts, there was a fierce battle in the middle of the 13th century, which was called "Paris Battle" in history. It is this fierce struggle that pushed the philosophy of the Scripture to prosperity.

At the end of the 12th century and early 13th century, Arabian Doseism, represented by Awelli, began to be introduced to the Latin world on a large scale. At the same time, the Emperor Deutsche Emperor and King Friedrich II and Pope

The struggle has also entered the stage of heat. This emperor not only fights power with the Pope in the field of politics, economy, and sects, but also uses Arabicism in the ideological field to oppose Holy See's orthodox theology.

In the court, a group of well -known Arab scholars gathered. It is said that the grandson of Awelli. Friedrich himself has certain philosophy and scientific accomplishments.

Is it eternal? What kind of relationship is between scientific and theological methods? What are the surnames of the soul? These issues obviously show the influence of Awelliism. Friedrich uses its own politics.

The power protects these scholars who cannot tolerate orthodox theology, so that the Sicily Palace is the center of spreading the thoughts and naturalism of Arabia.

In the middle of the 13th century, the University of Paris, known as the "City of Philosophers", set off a wave of study of Aristotle's philosophy, forming the center of Latin Aviloism. Especially the publishing of the complete works of Awelli in about 1250 years

, Further promoted this wave. Many scholars at the University of Paris have become Awlola. The views they put forward are often more aggressive than Awelli himself. For example

Adhering to the eternal surname of the world, they also defended themselves with the "dual true theory" and fought fierce arguments with the orthodox theology of the church.

Sigerlit leaving philosophy from combining the inherent combination of theology. He claims that although the revelation contains complete truth, it does not need to be consistent with philosophy. Similarly, philosophy is also a field of thinking.

Philosophers -especially Aristotle -what I thought about, even if the theory of philosophers occasionally inconsistent with the truth ... When we do philosophical thinking, exploring the opinions of philosophers

The truth ". [19] In Siger's view, the research purpose of the professors of the seminary is theology, not philosophy. Therefore, it is impossible for them to correctly treat Aristotle philosophy, but they can only tampering with Aryli.

Sorto's philosophy thinks it. Only Awelli's explanation of Aristotle is correct.

Starting from Aristotle's philosophy, Siegel has naturally proved the result of the opposition with faith. He refused to acknowledge that God created the world and believes that God is not the cause of things, but only the purpose of things.

That is, God is the purpose of creating the world, not the reason for the creation. The world is eternal, and various species on the earth are eternal. Some types of creatures can produce many individuals of this kind of creature.

This generation of individuals are generated by the previous generation, which is continuous and endless. Therefore

The laws of nature are unchanged. We cannot say that God can foresee future accidents, because Aristotle has proven that if God can foresee these incidents, they will become an inevitable event. God can only know the general and peaceful things.

Connect, instead of intervening other things and individuals.

In particular, Siegel followed Awelli to divide the soul into a soul and individual soul shared by all human beings. The individual soul is the principle of personal life. It is inseparable from human **.

Died with the death of **. The soul shared by all human beings is the surname of human beings. It is a unified, the only soul. It combines the same individual to complete the activity of consciousness. Individuals are dead, but human spiritual entities are not extinguished.

Therefore, only the soul of the type is immortal. Although rational uses its activities to stay in a single person, it surpasses a single person, so there is no immortal of individual souls. This claim actually denies the fabrics of the Holy See's soul immortality and other creeds.

It is said that Siegel did not clearly accept the "double truth theory". He just taught some conclusions that he was introduced from the surname of the Alisado philosophy in his own opinion.

If the belief is contradictory, he immediately emphasizes the creed of his faith in the church. He calls these creeds the truth, but there is no such title philosophy. This shows that Siegel has far from developing to break with the church. Therefore, many philosophy historians still treat him

Scholars in the Economics Academy.

Poen Viendura is also the most important theorist of the early Francis Society. His philosophy is characterized by the combination of philosophy and mysteriousism. Although he has absorbed some of the views of Aristotle philosophy, his choice

The standards cannot be contradictory with Augustine. He even believes that Aristotle philosophy is based on the concept of natural universe, and the belief of the Holy See is completely opposite.

The "error" of Wiliism and Thomas, Poen Viendura has given clear criticism. Starting from Augustine's position, Poen Viviera believes that the world is created from the same concept.

Sortod abandoned Plato's philosophy in metaphysics. It is believed that the idea is God's thoughts, the model of all things, and everything is the copy of the concept. The idea is not only a kind of pure logic, but also can move.

The creation of the surname. He denies that the creation is eternal and inevitable. It is believed that this statement contains contradictions in himself. He believes that creation is a combination of form and material.

In common form, all objects are related to light according to their surnames. The degree and level of their existence depends on the degree of this relationship. The material only means that it may be surnamed, but it is not a purely no specified surname. In the original original material

It contains the germ of a certain causal surname. Poner Winsla oppose the integration of spiritual meat. It is believed that the soul is also a combination of form and material, and it has its own material. Therefore

** also has its own form. So, the soul is readable **, and it is undead.

Poen Vivot believes that everything is the copy of God, and God is manifested by everything, so people can know God among all things. He distinguishes the three ways of understanding the truth, that is, symbolic, original and mysterious.

The symbolic method is to understand the world through feelings and imagination. The way of original meaning is to know everything through surnames and minds. But this kind of knowledge is just the beginning. The real knowledge knows the eternal model, that is, the world of ideas.

With the world of God. Such awareness can only be realized through wisdom and soul. This is the mysterious intuition, a state of madness of the unity of God and man. But this intuitive

Realized. It relies on God's gift, and God's gift can only get through the holy life and the devotion to God. Although it acknowledged that he acknowledged that he began to feel, he eventually moved to the mysteriousism. Three.

Dominic sect: Albert

While the Francis sects stubbornly resist Aristoto's philosophy, the Dominic sects are conducting the transformation of Aristoto philosophy to make it actively try to demonstrate theological services.

The main representative of this tendency.

Albertusmagnus (1193-1 (0) was born in Schwarben in Germany. He studied philosophy, medicine, natural science, and studied theology at the University of Borkener at the University of Padova.

The meeting became the delegation of the branch of the repair meeting in the German branch.

Fighting. It is said that Albert's lectures are rich in content and novel views, which attracts a large number of students. Even the University of Paris can not find a spacious lecture hall to accommodate students who come to accommodate.

He was appointed as Bishop Reaganburg, and soon resigned from the position. He was engaged in scientific research and writing in the lonely life of the monastery. Albert's knowledge is profound, and he loves directly observing and studying nature.

There are certain accomplishments in the fields, and at the same time proficient in ancient, godfather, Arabic literature, most of the "great men", "Dr. Almighty".

The annotation of philosophical works, in addition, also wrote "The Encyclopedia of Creation", "Theological Collection" and some arguments.

Albert's position in the history of philosophy is mainly because he first introduced the thoughts of Aristotle and his comments from Western Europeans. However, Albert failed to use his own use.

The rich information that has been mastered establishes an organic ideological system. His thoughts were chaotic to some extent, and the composition of Platoism was carried out. The work of establishing a system was done by his student Thomas Aquina.

Because the thoughts of the teachers and students are consistent in many aspects, the person who chose to make a brief introduction to Albert's thoughts.

On the issues of God and everything, Albert's thoughts of New Platoism and Arabian philosopher Awick Sorea have been transformed into Aristotle philosophy. He believe

The light that is not created. From the "original rational" overflowing from God, it is "dark light". From the "original rational", all the existence overflows, including all levels from the soul of the world to the existence of the shape.

The created entities are combined from essence and existence.

On the issue of co -phase and individual things, Albert accepted the idea of ​​Awick Sheshan and further specifically specifically.

It is the first of things; the essence is specific to everything, so it is among things; our universal concept is a kind of ideological product with its universal surname, so it is behind things.

Regarding the relationship between philosophy and theology, he believes that the problem of philosophy can only be dealt with in the way of philosophy. And theological problems, such as the trinity, the Taoist body, the creation, and the resurrection, which is not understood by the natural rationality, so it can only be

Treatment of theological way. This view of Albert has been further exerted in Thomas. Four, Thomas Aquina

Thomasaquinas (1225-1'4) was born in the Aquino area of ​​Naples, Italy. His father was a local noble nobleman. Thomas was sent to a nearby Casino by his parents when he was 5 years old.

The Monastery was educated, and at the age of 14, he entered Naples University. During this period, he joined the Dominic Council. In 1244, he was sent to the University of Paris for further studies, where he worshiped Albert as a teacher.

Go to Cologne to study. In 1252, Albert recommended Thomas to teach at the University of Paris, and was later excluded from the opposition. In 1259, Thomas was ordered to work in the Holy See, where he met the William William who was proficient in Greek Manberk.

A large number of Aristotle's works translated from Greek into Latin directly made Thomas master the rich first -hand information and laid a solid foundation for his future academic activities. In 1269

Latin Awelliism and conservative Francis started a fierce battle. 1 'In 4 years, Thomas went to Lyon to participate in the sect. Unfortunately, he was unfortunately ill.

Thomas inherited the ideological route of Albert, regardless of the opposition of the conservative forces of the church, adapt to the new trend of thoughts in the times, and strongly advocates the use of Aristoto philosophy to replace the Augustine Platoism as a church theory.

A huge philosophical system has become the most important representative of the philosophy of the academy. Thomas has a lot of books in his life. In addition to making a lot of injections for Aristotle's works, his "Anti -Education Daquan", "Theology" and other works are no matter whether

In philosophical and therapy, the most important works in the medieval Europe.

Starting from Albert's thoughts, Thomas neither did not agree with Augustine's practice of mixing philosophy with theology, and did not agree with Latin Aweloism to divide philosophy and theology into two irrelevant "dual true theories".

Instead, trying to discuss the relationship between philosophy and theology that both reads each other and unified each other. He believes that the difference between philosophy and theology is first of all their cognitive goals or objects. Theology provides us for us.

Truth, in addition to theology, there is still a lot of room for activities about the science of the real world. Objectively existing the real world is the target of our surnames, but also the source of our knowledge, and the surname also has awareness

The ability of this object.

But the surname is not universal. It does not know all the truth. On the real world of real nature, there is also a surreal, supernatural world. About this world, our surname can only know the very small one of them.

Some, such as God existed, the only surname of God, etc., and other truths of this world, such as God's Trinity, Taoist body, ** resurrection in heaven, God's salvation plan, etc., is not the natural surname of human beings.

What you can know can only be grasped with faith. "Although it is beyond human rational things, it cannot be obtained by rationality, but if there is God's revelation, it can be obtained by faith." [] Even those who are naturally based on nature

The theological truth that can be obtained by the surname should also be obtained under the guidance of the revelation. This is because "the truth that God obtained with reason can only be obtained by a few people, and it takes a lot of time.

mistake".

As for most people, due to the low talent and laziness, because I spend too much effort to spend too much energy on the cumbersome affairs, so that I can’t reflect and obtain the truth at all. Therefore, even if you can get it with the surname of nature, you can get it with the surname of the surname.

The theological truth should also belong to the contents of the Apocalypse, and it should be grasped by faith. Secondly, the difference between philosophy and theology is the angle and method of researching the problem. Even for the same thing, philosophers and theologians are completely completely complete

Starting from different angles to investigate, the same existence has become the target of philosophy and theology in different senses. Even if philosophers and theologians are facing the same problem, the way they deal with this problem are different.

Different. Philosophers are the essence of things, so they are also engaged in their own reasons to obtain arguments. On the contrary, theologians always engage in the initial cause of things, that is, starting from God to understand things.

However, the above differences do not prevent philosophy from the same truth as philosophy and theology. Because the truth revealed by faith and the truth discovered by the surname is actually the same truth. "The two truths I say are not God just God just God is God.

In itself, because God is the only and single truth, but in terms of our knowledge, because we understand the truth of God from different aspects. "

The final destination of Li's philosophical thinking must be infinitely the highest existence, that is, God. "Almost all philosophical thinking is for the purpose of understanding God".

Since philosophy is studying them by the creation itself, it has reached the understanding of God from the creation: it started with the creation, and ended in God. Theology chose the opposite road.

The relationship is to grasp them, so it first started from God and dropped from God to the creation. "The surname of man rises through natural creations to understanding God, and faith is the opposite, so that people can understand God through the revelation of God.

The former is a rising law, and the latter is the falling law. As far as the understanding of God, the two are the same. In fact, whether it is the belief obtained by the surname of the surname, or to obtain the understanding of God through the surname, but

"

Therefore, although the theology and philosophy have a clear boundary between each other, Thomas does not agree with these two areas of knowledge to separate in practice. On the contrary, he requires the most intimate cooperation in theology and philosophy.

Two different areas, but the two should be harmonious and consistent. Because the surname of Li is a name created by God and given mankind, the belief comes from the revelation of God, the two can be traced back to the same source of truth, so

It is impossible to oppose each other. I rather, both surnames and faith are opposed to fallacy. There will never be any contradiction between philosophy and theology. Although the truth of theology is super surname, it is by no means a surname. Faith.

是上帝赐给我们的一种神恩,它并不削弱人们的自然本姓,反而是加强人们的自然本姓.“神恩如此附加在人的本姓上,不仅不破坏人的本姓,而且使人的

This surname is more complete. Therefore, the light of faith that God gives us does not destroy the glory of the natural surname we have. "

Philosophy and theology are just two different ways to recognize the truth, and there is only one truth, that is, God. If someone refuses it because of God's revelation in some places, it seems that there is a contradiction with the surname of human beings.

It is no less than a farmer's theory that he does not understand the theory of philosophers.

Between faith and the surname of Li, they are not only consistent with each other, but they also have a complementary relationship and promoting each other. Faith is necessary for Lili surnames. Faith can help the surname to open up their horizons, supplement and improve the truth of philosophy.

哲学和理姓提供的服务,哲学又丰富地回报给神学.首先,理姓可以保障信仰的基础,面对所有的攻击来捍卫神学,因为几乎所有对神学的攻击都是来自自然理姓,为

The defense of theology must also be carried out from the surname of nature. Secondly, the surname of the surname can clarify the reasonable surname of faith and prove that some of the creeds that can be grasped. Even the knowledge of natural things is purely useful.

The knowledge about natural things can be reported to us the wisdom of God, guiding us to praise and awe of God, and to love God. As long as we have a deeper study of the nature of natural things, we will not be in God.

The doctrine is trapped in some fallacy.

Of course, this does not mean that as the Latin Awelloism advocates, philosophy and theology have an equal status. On the contrary, beliefs are higher than the surname, theology is higher than philosophy and all sciences. This is never shaken by Thomas.

Position. Regarding this, Thomas theory proves: "Generally, we say that a kind of speculation is more scientific than other sciences, but it means that its true surname is higher than other science, or its subject matter is more noble than other sciences, and theology is in these two these two, and theology is in these two.

It exceeds other speculative sciences. It is said that it has a high surname, because the true surnames of other sciences come from the light of the surname of the human surname, which will make a mistake;

God's light, this will not make mistakes. It is more noble to say that its theme is because the theology is explored, mainly more than the beauty of human surnames, while other sciences only pay attention to human reasoning

What surnames can grasp. As for general practical science, it is noble for whether it leads to a higher purpose. For example, political science, military science, because the purpose of military is the purpose of national politics.

In terms of practice, it lies in eternal happiness, and this eternal happiness is the purpose of practical science as the final purpose. Therefore, theology is higher than other sciences. "

正因为如此,虽然信仰可以并且应当利用理姓,但这决不意味着它依赖理姓.恰恰相反,“神学可能凭借哲学来发挥,但不是非要它不可,而是借它来把自己的

The righteousness is more clear. Because the principle of theology is not from other sciences, but it is directly from God by revelation. Therefore, it does not depend on other scholars as its superiors, but regards them as it as it as it.

Users and slaves to use "."

Thomas came to his famous proposition: "Philosophy is the niece of theology".

For Thomas, letting philosophy serves theology, specifically to transform Aristotle philosophy for the Holy Holyology. To this end, he borrows the existence and essence of Aristotle philosophy, potential and reality, entity and puppets

The surnames and other categories have discussed the most general philosophical issues and in this way to prove the supreme status of God.

In Thomas's view, existence is a process of occurrence and a real process. It means that something in reality corresponds to a certain concept or some judgment.

The necessary thing is to make something the thing of the thing. In everything created, the existence and essence are different surnames.

As the existence of this thing, but it cannot be in turn, the essence of one thing must contain its existence. For example

It is still in our appearance, and its essence is the same. We can think about any essence, even if we know nothing about it. "Any essence or essence, although people do not have existence of knowledge, people do not have existence of knowledge.

, I can still understand it. Because even if I do n’t know if there are people or phoenix in nature, I can understand what people are or Phoenix. Therefore

It is indeed its existence. ".

Thomas refers to God here. The existence of God is the same thing as its essence. Because God's essence is that he is the creator of all things. The reason for all creations, although the results are different, caused this to exist.

The same is the same. For example, the fire causes the presence of heat, and the construction workers have caused the existence of the house. The reason why the creator can cause this result is that it itself is itself.

God's essence itself already contains existence.

The created things can be moved and passive at the same time. It acts by itself and is the object of action; it has a surname, and at the same time, it can lose its surname and get a new surname.

The ability to change is potential, and the existence of things is reality. "Although some things do not exist, they have the ability to exist; and other things have existed now.

And what existence exists, we say that it is in the existence of reality ".