The Godfather of Surgery

This experimental pig not only needs to do PET-CT, but also to do various blood tests. Various indicators are dynamic monitoring. Although the time is different, it must be checked once every other time. The collection of experimental data is the experimental data. In a boring job, researchers must be able to tolerate valuable clues from boring data.

Judging from the subsequent test results, the results of the experiment are not optimistic. NK cells still cannot avoid the fatal weakness of cell therapy. Even if the K factor is embedded, after all, no matter what is embedded, it has not changed its essence as the essence of immune cells as immune cells. It still cannot penetrate inside the physical tumor in large quantities.

Regarding this not optimistic stage result, everyone gathered and discussed together to accumulate experience and learn lessons for the next experiment, and then make some modifications. The experimental route is slowly becoming correct in this modification.

Everyone is not discouraged, but is full of passion. This is the basic literacy that researchers have. Real scientific researchers need to face up to ten years or decades, or even live in the laboratory for a lifetime. Sometimes There will be no valuable breakthroughs, or there are only a few meaningless papers.

"Our NK cells encounter the same limitations of CAR-T cells. Although it can express the receptor used to identify specific tumor markers and treats blood tumors, it is difficult to penetrate the tumor tissue through the blood system. In addition, due to the lack of the expression of the development of T cells infiltrating into the tumor tissue, and the dense fibrosis substrate in solid tumors, many factors have caused their ability to migrate and invade tumor cells very low, so the treatment effect is destined not to be too good "" Tang Shun tilted his body and had a head of discussion, he had to admit that this experiment had not made any breakthroughs.

Lu Xiaolu held the experimental data in his hands. These pages of paper have been repeatedly read and wrinkled: "Yes, this is a difficult point. We must break through this difficulty to continue. Directly injected the tumor method, but I think this method is meaningless, and the local injection of the cells may also reduce the risk brought by the decisive effect. Clearing the tumor accurately and thoroughly, in other words, local injection cannot be expected to use immune cells as an operating knife, which is destined to be difficult to succeed. The expression of CSF-1R factor in CAR-T cells makes these cells react to CSF-1. While enhancing the transmission of CAR-T cell proliferation signal, it does not affect the killing toxicity of cells. However "

Yang Ping felt that he was very reasonable. Psychologically thought about his thoughts: "The tumor microe environment of solid tumors can cause immune cells while promoting tumor growth and proliferation. Cells, marrow sources inhibit cells, tumor-related macrophages, growth factors, local cytokines, CTLA-4 and PD-1 such as growth of physical tumors, etc. The tumor microenviochemical in these composite environments will be great Restricting the efficacy of immune cells, gene reorganization T cells and NK cells must face this problem. There are two ideas to solve this problem. Either jump out of the cells of the cells and use the virus to solve the problem. Let them break through the blockade of the tumor microenvironment.

"Some researchers in the United States use GR-1 antibodies generated by genetic engineering, and use this antibody to exhaust the marrow sources to inhibit cells, so as to improve the effect of tumor killing; some researchers can build ECM degradase. This degradase can dissolve the barrier. Helping immune cells to break the physical barrier in solid tumors, but these technologies have not seen a substantial breakthrough in these technologies for so many years.

This is indeed a problem. If it is not a problem, there is no need for so many laboratories. So many top talents will break together, and Yang Ping will not consume so much money. For this problem, Yang Ping has never thought about it easily. That's it. Unrealistic.

The effect of the first experiment is not satisfactory, but this is just the beginning. Through this experiment, everyone has mastered the whole set of NK cell therapy, and also knows how to improve the follow -up. Originally, everyone did not have much to the first experiment. It is expected that it must be rough, wrong, and sometimes even completely wrong, but this does not affect everyone to continue to explore.

"In fact, we should be more emancipating our minds. Don't limit the restrictions on existing technology. If it is limited by the so -called cutting -edge technology in Europe and the United States, it must be difficult for us to make breakthroughs. NK cells can not use it. The penetration of the cell -loving cells is very good, and it is not possible. We can also use them to reorganize the cells and reorganize a new cell. The problem rely on the method of "Yang Ping listened to their discussion, it is clear that everyone is still receiving the restraint of the frontier technology of Europe and the United States.

"Macrophages?" Tang Shun asked, because there were very little research on this.

Yang Ping nodded: "Yes, macrophages also have their inherent shortcomings, but we can genetically recombine them with NK cells."

Professor Yang's ideas are always so leapfrogging, and every time he can jump out of the inherent thinking, Tang Shun, Lu Xiaolu and Li Yingtong thought for a long time. Indeed, this idea is very novel.

"Shall we follow this idea next?" Tang Shun could no longer grasp the strategic direction of this experiment.

Yang Ping said confidently: "Make more attempts and don't be afraid of failure. We are opening a road in a wasteland. We can only take the first step and change the route if it doesn't work. We learn advanced technologies from Europe and the United States in order to surpass them, rather than always following and worshipping them, so we must have confidence. Now that we have come to this step, we are at the forefront, and all problems can only be solved by ourselves."

Yang Ping's words freed everyone's thoughts, broke the invisible authority of Europe and the United States, and established strong self-confidence, which is indispensable in independent scientific research.

——

Lin Lan, who works in the genetics experiment at Nandu Medical University, is also very busy. She is now sequencing the genes of immune cells and related cytokines. To complete the sequencing work, Lin Lan needs to use single-cell sequencing technology.

As a breakthrough biotechnology, single-cell sequencing has been favored by the medical field in recent years. Through this technology, researchers can conduct life science research at the level of single cells, perform high-throughput sequencing analysis on genomes, transcriptomes, and epigenomes, and classify and annotate cell populations according to cell characteristics to draw cell maps.

The Human Cell Atlas Project was initiated by Aviv, Sarah and others in 2016. It is a large-scale international cooperation project comparable to the "Human Genome Project". The purpose is to classify and define all cell types of human individuals based on unique molecular information, and to correlate this information with traditional cytological representations, and to determine the unique gene expression patterns, physiological states, developmental trajectories and location information in all types of cells of individuals, thereby providing more in-depth and complex information at the cellular gene level for the health of the entire human race.

For Lin Lan, this task is not difficult, and it is exactly what she is good at. With the support of digital human technology, Lin Lan's gene sequencing work is much simpler, because Professor He has accumulated a wealth of data on cells in the process of building digital humans. It is precisely because of these data that he can build digital cells, and then use digital cells to build digital human bodies, pushing digital humans to the level of functional digital humans. Lin Lan can use these ready-made data, so the amount of work she needs to do can be reduced by almost half.

In addition, Nandu Medical University has established close cooperation with the supercomputing center of Nandu Province. With the help of supercomputers, Lin Lan's sequencing work went very smoothly. Her first sequencing comparison work showed that there was indeed an overlap between the K factor and the gene fragments of various immune cells. This result was very encouraging to everyone. It seems that Professor Yang's hypothesis seems to be correct. Of course, whether it is really correct, all sequencing and comparison work needs to be completed.

Professor Zhang Zhiwei of virology at Nandu Medical University is not optimistic now, because he has now reached the wasteland of his position, without reference, and has to move forward completely on his own.

All existing carrier viruses, no matter how advanced, cannot escape the fate of being attacked by the immune system. How to select a safe virus that can infect all cell types and evade the immune system as a carrier is a very difficult task.

Moreover, it is necessary to reorganize this carrier virus in a new way and integrate some functional fragments of immune cells into it. How to reorganize and how to control the characteristics of the recombinant virus are all difficult problems.

No mistakes in one post, one content, one 6, one 9, one book, one bar!

Professor Zhang has searched all the relevant papers in the world, and no one has achieved this step. Even the most advanced research team is still stuck in the idea of ​​oncolytic virus therapy. Now their topic is completely different from oncolytic virus therapy.