The Primordial Wizard

The wizards in the Heaven Realm don't understand the source of magic power, and Ace has not yet written the great book, so there are constant disputes about "heat".

Wizards who believe in the theory of biological "life force" think that heat energy may be a supplement to life force, but not all, because there is magic power in this world, and magic power has magical effects.

Thomas couldn't explain the magic power for the time being, he just firmly demonstrated it.

"We need more, more experiments to prove the conservation of 'force' in various motions such as mechanics, heat, electricity, and acoustics!"

His eyes were firm, and Thomas, who was immersed in the experimental research, was no longer restrained, but only had a fiery passion for research.

Donna said appreciatively, "We can start with electromagnetism. In today's magic world, is there any more popular knowledge than electromagnetism?"

The two quickly reached an agreement to start experiments with various types of magneto, and many of them concluded a phenomenon.

Donna said in a cold voice: "The motors and circuits of the various tests of the magneto have heat generation. This is the same as the friction phenomenon during the operation of the machine parts, and it is the source of power loss."

Thomas said passionately: "Yes, the entry point of our experiment starts with the study of the thermal effect of electric current!"

The two devised an experiment together. In order to determine the thermal power of a metal wire, they passed the wire through a glass tube and wound it tightly around the tube, leaving a gap between each turn and separating the coil terminals.

Then Thomas put the glass tube into a container of water, and used a thermometer to measure the temperature change of the water after the electricity was turned on.

"Thomas, you are in charge of changing the wires of different sizes, and I am in charge of changing the amperage."

Thomas nodded after listening to Donna's words. He had prepared more than 50 kinds of wires of various sizes. The two conducted nearly a thousand experiments in three days and finally got the preliminary results.

Thomas unfolded a roll of magic parchment and wrote a line titled "Heat Generated by Metal Conductors of Electricity and Heat in Batteries During Electrolysis".

He recorded the experimental process in detail, and wrote the conclusion at the end, "The heat generated by the current passing through the metal conductor in a certain period of time is proportional to the square of the current intensity and the product of the conductor resistance, which is the Donna-Thomas law .”

Donna said with satisfaction: "This conclusion looks very simple and mathematical.

But we'd better do more experiments to further verify. "

The two did a lot of experiments with electrolytes, proving that the above conclusions are still correct.

The discovery of the Donna-Thomas law gave everyone in Betty's Tower a clear understanding of the role of current in a circuit.

Donna imitated the blood circulation in animals, compared batteries to heart and lungs, and electric current to blood, and pointed out at the end of the paper: "Electricity can be regarded as an important medium for carrying, arranging and transforming chemical heat."

And it is believed that if a certain amount of chemical "fuel" is "burned" in the battery, the circuit, including the battery itself, will emit a corresponding amount of heat, which should be as much as the direct combustion of these fuels in oxygen.

Donna said a little excitedly: "The heat equivalent is just around the corner. Although we still lack more critical proofs, we already have a direction."

They handed the thesis to Betty, and Betty was very happy after reading it. She had a premonition that as long as this problem was solved, she might be able to break through the limit and become a real mythical wizard.

Betty stuffed the thesis into the mouth of a shadow crow, watched the crow "croak" and flew to the central tower, and said with a little joy: "Our main job now is to determine the equivalence, electricity, elemental energy, Thermal energy and mechanical energy can be converted and equivalent."

This paper is still published in "Magic", and all wizards can see it. Betty Wizard Tower is trying to prove the "heat work equivalent". Such a firm attitude has also aroused heated discussions among other wizards. Many believe in the theory of "life force" Many wizards also began to revise and improve their own theoretical system.

They rooted the focus of the theory on the concept of "magic power", and put forward the hypothesis that everything has magic power. Some people tried to find the contemporary Lich King Werther's platform, but Werther publicly stated that he could not prove the theory of life force .

Witt, who is good at life and death transformation and has a lot of experience in biological experiments, said this, which cast a shadow over the minds of many wizards with "life force" theory.

Betty Wizard Tower, Betty, Donna and Thomas are experimenting with a group of magnetos.

Betty said cautiously: "Exploring the loss of heat in a magneto, I take it for granted that:

Electricity from a magneto has the same thermal properties throughout the circuit as electricity from other sources.

Of course, if we consider heat not as matter, but as a state of vibration, there seems no reason why it cannot be caused by the action of a simple mechanical property, such as that of a coil rotating between the poles of a permanent magnet.

At the same time, it must also be admitted that no experiments have hitherto been able to give a verdict on this very interesting question, since all these experiments have been confined to parts of the circuit, leaving the question whether the heat is generated or induced. Magnetic current transferred from the coil?

If the heat is transferred out of the coil, the coil itself will cool.

Therefore, we should devote ourselves to clearing up the uncertainty of magnetoelectric heating! "

After many experiments, they quickly designed a simple and effective experiment. Put the magneto in a water bucket as a calorimeter, rotate the magneto, and lead the current of the coil to the galvanometer for measurement, and measure the water bucket at the same time. Water temperature changes.

"The heat generated by the magneto coils is also proportional to the square of the current."

Thomas recorded it for sure.

Donna connected the magneto as a load to the circuit, and another battery was connected to the circuit to observe the heat generation inside the magneto. At this time, the magneto was still placed in the water bucket used as a calorimeter. Donna wrote:

"If I turn the wheel to one side, the magneto can be connected to the current in the opposite direction. If I turn the wheel to the other side, the current can be increased by the magneto. In the former case, the instrument has all the characteristics of the magneto. In the latter case, it is just the opposite. It consumes mechanical force."

Comparing the experiments in which the magneto was inserted into the circuit in reverse, Donna concluded: "From the magneto we have obtained a medium with which heat can be destroyed or generated by simple mechanical means."

So far, Betty, Donna and Thomas have determined a law of general significance from the study of the specific problem of magneto, that is, heat and mechanical work can be converted into each other, and there must be an equivalent relationship in the conversion process.

They looked at each other, and finally Betty said to Thomas: "You write down the final conclusion."

Thomas was very moved. He knew it was for his own sake. Just as he was about to give in, Donna also said, "Your aptitude still needs to be improved, and you were let down."

With tears in his eyes, Thomas simply sat down and wrote:

"After it has been proved that heat can be generated by a magneto, and that the heat generated by the change of elements can be increased or decreased at will by the induction force of magnetism, it becomes a matter of seeking whether there is a constant ratio between the heat and the mechanical work gained or lost. Very interesting subject.

For this purpose, it was only necessary to repeat some of the previous experiments and at the same time determine the mechanical force required to turn the instrument.

According to the results of thirteen groups of experiments, we can know that the heat that can raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree is equal to the mechanical work of lifting 838 pounds of weight by one foot.

Thermal equivalent! "

The magic net vibrated violently, and the power of Dayuan was surging and cheering. Thomas did not stop and continued to write:

"We can summarize this law as that thermal energy can be transferred from one object to another, and can also be converted into mechanical energy or other energy, and the total value of energy remains unchanged during the transfer and conversion process.

That is, when thermal energy and mechanical energy are transferred or converted, the total amount of energy must be conserved, which we can call the law of energy conversion and conservation.

Mathematically, we can express it like this. When the system changes, let the heat exchanged with the environment be Q (the heat absorption is positive, and the heat release is negative), and the work exchanged with the environment is W (the work done by the environment on the system is positive, The work done by the system on the environment is negative), the change of available thermodynamic energy (also known as internal energy) is

△U=Q+W. "

Thomas had just finished writing, and the power of Dayuan had poured in like a tiger. Most of it poured into Thomas's body. He chose to improve his wizard qualifications without hesitation. A large amount of source power made his wizard qualifications reach the natural Excellent level of overclocking.

Betty and Donna also shared less than half of the original power. Donna was already a golden wizard. Under this shock, she was successfully promoted to a legendary wizard. After a hundred years, she finally caught up with her former senior sister, Brinia.

Betty's state was very fluctuating. She disappeared in a flash and appeared outside the door of Ace, the central tower.

After the briefing, Ace interviewed Betty: "Is your state reaching a critical point?"

Betty didn't hesitate, and said directly: "Yes, Master Ace, I want to borrow the scepter of heaven to help break through the state, and I still need your dream seal."

Ace's demigod projection nodded, snapped his fingers, and a colorful dreamy flower appeared on Betty's shoulder.

"Go to Werther to borrow it. In addition, your recent series of research, how about calling it thermodynamics? The law of energy conversion and conservation that Thomas just discovered is called the first law of thermodynamics!"

Betty had no objection to this, and she bowed joyfully and replied, "Thank you, sir, for giving me the name."

Before she finished speaking, she had already disappeared in a flash. Ace watched her petite back disappear, with a mysterious smile on the corner of his mouth, and returned to his desk.

I saw Ace pushed away the magnificent tome at the beginning, and turned to unfold another roll of magic paper, writing beautiful bird-shaped letters.

"Since the first law of thermodynamics has emerged, will the second be far behind? Will it be hopeless?"

Ace couldn't help laughing, he decided to push harder, and couldn't wait to see the expressions of other wizards.

In Betty's wizard tower, Betty, who just borrowed the scepter of the sky, held the scepter in her hand. As the day before yesterday's rotation, she easily regained control of the scepter and blessed herself with the power of the entire heavenly realm.

The body of her epic wizard has already been semi-sanctified, and her soul is also in a state of being sanctified but not sanctified. At this moment, she is directly sanctified, and the last little savings has been completed.

From the soul to the body, she realized the real longevity and long-term vision. A little bit of aura sprouted from the world of the mind, and there was still a thin line left. She keenly felt that if this line did not work, her longevity state would quickly collapse.

This made Betty's heart flash even more, as if she thought of something about thermodynamics.

It was too late to catch the fleeting inspiration, and there were more important things at the moment. Betty contacted Fantasia Dayuan in an instant, almost screaming: "Dayuan, open up your personality."

The news was transmitted to Ace Projection in an instant through the Great Source of Dreams. He stopped writing, immediately opened the personality, and touched his nose: "The habitual closing of the personality almost made Betty fail. Without resources, it really can't be done." It can be done, but to some extent, the first law of thermodynamics can indeed explain the state of being a demigod."

Ace lay back and disappeared slowly, appearing in Betty's wizard tower.

"Let me help you one more way, this is a drop of pure divine power essence from the main body."

A ray of light flickered in Ace's hand, and a divine power essence containing terrifying and orderly energy floated towards Betty, suspended above her head.

Betty is at a critical moment, when the essence of divine power came, her accumulation became more abundant. In the world of mental images, Betty's mind had already seen the true spirit and became one with the true spirit. The world is surging in her mind.

From the fire element to the theory of phlogiston, from the theory of phlogiston to oxidation reaction, and then to thermodynamics, the flame in Betty's heart has not changed.

"'Heat' is the core, driving the machine, this is my way, this is my cognition.

When thermal energy and mechanical energy are transferred or converted, the total amount of energy must be conserved, which must be a closed-loop system and an isolated system.

The demigod's longevity is precisely because a closed-loop system inside has been successfully constructed with great power. Of course, this system is not completely closed, and a switch is required to communicate with the "energy" of the outside world. However, as long as the inner core energy is kept stable, the demigod will naturally Can live forever.

If the demiplane is mapped from the world of mental imagery, and this closed-loop state is well condensed to maintain the conservation of one's own energy, my mythological foundational spell is the 'ball of conservation'! "

In an instant, this empty mental world absorbs high-quality energy from the outside world, forming a huge fireball in the entire mental world, and then a strange mechanical structure sphere wraps the huge fireball.

The mechanical structure made a creaking sound, and a large number of strange metals proliferated by themselves, quickly covering the fireball completely, and the texture of the metal made this mental world gradually dark.

Betty opened her eyes, flew into the sky, and disappeared. He appeared outside the realm of the sky, in the wizarding world.

The center of the eyebrows suddenly turned bright red, like a soldering iron, and it swelled instantly, turning into a huge sphere. Betty twisted forcefully to separate her head from the sphere.

"This is my half-plane, the conservation mechanical ball."