The Primordial Wizard

So far, the entire tower wizard already has an immortal legendary wizard, two mythical wizards and double-digit legendary epic wizards.

According to Kaya World, the tower wizards can completely establish their own god system, of course, it is not necessary for wizards, wizards already have a magic council and the highest council, there is no need to imitate the gods of Kaya Traditions build pantheons.

The emergence of the law of energy conservation caused many wizards who believed in the theory of "vital force" to die with headshots, but there are still some wizards who believe in the theory of "vital force" have improved the theory. They believe that the core of vitality is magic power, which no one can explain. .

"Magic power must also be a kind of energy. We can convert magic power into mechanical energy, elemental energy, electromagnetic energy, light energy, etc. by casting spells. I think magic power is a kind of universal energy. It is just a very unique one. The sequence is extremely high energy, but at the end of the day, it's an energy."

In the lobby of the central tower, Thomas said firmly.

Some wizards objected, and an older wizard said loudly: "Mechanical work produces mechanical energy, and elemental reactions produce elemental energy. Mechanical work and elemental reactions can be converted into electrical energy, and electrical energy can be converted into light energy. Some heat loss, no problem with this theory, but magic power?

Where is our magic housed?

Mana can be transformed into those just mentioned by casting spells, but those cannot be reversed into magic! So I think the scope of energy conservation is only ordinary energy, magic power is an exception, and your theory needs to be limited. "

After Thomas heard this statement, he was not in a hurry to refute. He nodded and said: "We have not observed how other energies are transformed into magic power, but as far as magic power itself is concerned, magic power can be transformed from low-quality to high-quality, as long as A little consumption is enough, and it can even reach the level of 'God's Essence', which is equivalent to the source of power.

In other words, the magic power system also follows the law of energy conservation. As for whether magic power and other energies are conserved, I think it can be inferred that there is, but we haven't discovered it yet. "

Thomas returned to Betty's Wizard Tower and said to Donna: "I suddenly thought of a possibility. Is it possible that magic power is like high-temperature gas, and ordinary energy is like low-temperature gas. When high-temperature gas transforms into low-temperature gas, it is a natural process. Reversing this process would probably require heating outside the system."

Donna, who was doing the experiment, replied, "You mean the steam engine?"

Thomas agreed: "Yes, it is somewhat similar to a steam engine. The steam engine uses steam as power to push the piston back and forth,

Is the energy operation model of our world comparable to a steam engine? There are two cylinders, called A cylinder and B cylinder.

When the temperature in cylinder A is high, the piston moves toward cylinder B, and vice versa. During this process, if you want the piston to move toward A, you must condense cylinder A from outside the system! "

Donna understood what Thomas meant, and she lowered her voice and said, "You mean, the 'temperature' of other energies is lower than magic power, so they can no longer be converted into magic power. If you want to convert it into magic power, you have to deal with other energies." Heating', or magic cooling down, becoming 'cooler' than other energies, which then become magic."

Thomas patted his thigh and said, "That's what it means."

Donna suddenly said mysteriously: "This theoretical hypothesis model is very interesting, but it's just a guess. I thought of another aspect, about thermodynamics."

Thomas urged anxiously: "What aspect? Don't keep it up."

With a wave of Donna's hand, the magic rhythm moved, and soon a holographic image was formed, a cylinder with a cutout, a piston in the middle, gas inside, and a weight above the piston.

"Supposing there is such an ideal state, there is no friction between the piston and the cylinder, the cylinder can be completely insulated when needed, and the gas in the cylinder is composed of independent molecules, which will not become solid and liquid with the change of pressure and temperature. There is no chemical reaction."

Thomas looked at the image of the cut holographic cylinder thoughtfully.

Donna continued: "First, it is in the process of isothermal endothermic heat, the piston moves upwards, the volume of the cylinder increases and absorbs heat outward, so as to keep the temperature constant, let this temperature be T1.

Then it will enter the adiabatic process. In the adiabatic state, although there is no heating, the piston still has to do work due to inertia, and the temperature in the cylinder decreases.

So the cylinder volume increases and the air temperature drops to T2.

Then there is the isothermal heat release process, the piston descends in reverse, the volume of the cylinder decreases, and heat is released to the outside, so as to keep the temperature constant.

The last is the adiabatic process, the piston continues to descend due to inertia, the volume of the cylinder decreases, and the temperature rises to T1.

If you replace the weight with another part of the cylinder, that's how the whole cylinder works. "

Thomas looked at the cross-sectional view of the cycled cylinder, clapped his hands and said, "I understand. In your cycle, the work done by the system is equal to the absorbed heat minus the released heat. This model can be called a Donna heat engine. The cycle process Called the Donna cycle, the efficiency of the Donna heat engine is equal to one minus T1 divided by T2!"

Donna smiled and said: "That's it. The best way for us to improve efficiency is to increase the temperature difference. As long as the temperature difference is large enough, the power will be particularly strong. Your thinking about magic power is also very interesting. I think we can combine the two. Thoughts were consolidated into two papers to be published and discussed with other wizards."

Week after week, two papers were published one after another. The model assumed by Donna's "On the Power of Heat" has aroused extensive discussions in the mechanical school. Many practical application wizards have already started to improve the power of the power engine based on the theory.

The wizards have passed the stage of steam kinetic energy, and they discovered that various chemical energies can also be converted into mechanical energy. The ideal model proposed by Donna has great practical significance.

And Thomas' assumption that the world is a steam engine seems to be too much fantasy, and there are constant discussions and criticisms.

Ace, who has been paying attention to this matter, saw the two papers, and his eyes lit up.

"Thomas's thinking is very interesting. This idea is really possible, but it is not as specific as thermodynamics. You still haven't noticed another key point. It seems that I can only play in person."

Ace unfolded a roll of magic paper and wrote a title on it, "The Second Law of Thermodynamics—Thinking from the Donna Heat Engine."

The sun was shining brightly outside the window, and everything was as usual, and no one noticed that a shocking monster was about to be born.

The power of Dayuan is constantly churning, and it seems that he wants to give Ace a huge feedback, but Ace slaps him down. The Dayuan feedback from the wizarding world cluster has no practical significance for Ace. It is not as good as what he obtained through the high-dimensional crack The energy brought by the collapse of dimensions is strong, it is better to leave it to others.

According to the current situation of the wizarding world cluster, four or five more people can be supported to achieve myths. As for other wizards who may achieve myths but have no resources, they can also return to Kaya World in the future, where resources are much more extensive.

A day later, the special issue of "Magic" was released again, and almost everyone saw the title "The Second Law of Thermodynamics", the first author Ace.

Betty was lying comfortably in the Wizard Tower, bathed in the sun. The shadow crow flew over and delivered the special issue to her. She glanced at the special issue inadvertently, and then sat up straight.

"The second law of thermodynamics?"

She read slowly, the name Ace seems to have a magical effect, although Ace has not published a theoretical monograph for a long time, but as the mentor of wizards, the only immortal legend, no one dares to underestimate him Research.

It started with a compliment to Donna, which made Betty proud. She was ready to praise Donna, and then Ace asked two questions.

"One is whether the efficiency of the Donna heat engine can be equal to one?

In this case, it is necessary to ensure that T1 is infinite or T2 is zero. It is impossible for the temperature to be infinite, and it is also impossible to achieve zero temperature.

The zero temperature here does not refer to the freezing point of water in the common sense, because this is just a conventional unit of measurement. We need to establish a new temperature scale, the absolute temperature scale.

We know that at the same temperature, the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure.

And after my measurement, for any gas with a certain volume, when the temperature increases or decreases by a traditional temperature, the increase or decrease of its pressure is also constant, which is approximately equal to 1/273.

Therefore, if we cool an ideal gas, which is traditionally at zero temperature, to minus 273 degrees, its pressure will go to zero, and its volume will go to zero.

In other words, the temperature cannot drop any further, and the volume will be a negative number, which is obviously impossible.

Therefore, the traditional temperature of minus 273 degrees is absolute zero, and absolute zero does not exist, so the efficiency of Donna's heat engine cannot reach 100%. "

Betty seemed to feel something, but she didn't seem to be grasping anything. It was like the soles of her feet were itchy, but it was uncomfortable to scratch it through her boots.

He continued to look at Ace's second question: "Why is the efficiency of Donna's heat engine equal to zero?"

Betty said softly: "It's very simple, just T1=T2."

"But what does it mean that the two are equal? ​​It means that Donna's heat engine is idling and working in vain, which means that under the same heat source, Donna's heat engine cannot work.

Because we can judge that it is impossible to absorb heat from a single heat source and turn it into useful work without other effects. Simply put, useful work cannot be done under a single heat source system. "

As if struck by lightning, Betty murmured: "A single heat source system cannot do useful work. Does our world count as a single heat source system? Does the astral world count?"

He looked down at Ace's article: "It's like separating hot water and cold water with a partition. When the partition is removed, it will only be hot and cold evenly, and it will not be hotter or colder. There are two changes. One is the direction of natural evolution, and the other is the direction of unnatural evolution.

The natural direction is spontaneous and independent, while the unnatural direction must be influenced by the outside world.

This is the second law of thermodynamics: heat cannot be transferred from a colder object to a hotter object without any effect. "

The simple summary made Betty's mind tremble. Her mechanical ball of the closed-loop system was even a little unstable. She continued, but her eyes were a little blurry.

"In such a purely isolated system, sooner or later, the internal heat will become equal and lonely. If the entire astral world is regarded as an isolated system, the transformation of energy inside the astral world is regarded as a Donna heat engine, which continuously generates heat from the high temperature in the system. Objects absorb energy and transfer energy to low-temperature objects, and one day the temperature of high-temperature objects and low-temperature objects will be equal, and then the entire astral world will not work.

So I created a concept, entropy.

The entropy of a system is equal to the heat absorbed (or dissipated) by the system in a certain process divided by its absolute temperature. This is the definition of entropy, which is an irreversible process inside an isolated system, that is, the flow of heat from a high-temperature object to a low-temperature object is irreversible.

This is the inevitable irreversible process from order to disorder in an isolated system, and this process can be called heat death. "

boom!

Betty seemed to see the infinite world disintegrate, the upper world fell, the astral world finally flattened, and the entire astral world became lonely.

"Not necessarily, really not necessarily. First of all, our world is not an isolated system, but an open system. The world can exchange with the astral world. Energy, matter, and information can all be exchanged. Then this astral world, say There may also be unknown star realms that can be exchanged, but we can't understand it."

With a stable mind, Betty also saw the last paragraph of Ace: "Isolated systems always tend to increase entropy, and finally reach the maximum state of entropy, which is the most chaotic and disordered state of the system. However, for open systems, Since it can transfer the entropy increase generated by internal energy exchange to the environment by releasing heat, the open system may tend to decrease entropy and reach an ordered state."

Ace’s article stirred up a thousand waves with one stone. The second law of thermodynamics and the theorem of entropy increase almost caused the hottest discussion. Sporadic headless corpses can’t stop wizards from discussing and researching. The theorem of entropy increase is simply The ground is shocked, and the true appearance of the whole world is deduced from the simple Donna heat engine.

Thomas immediately declared that magic power is actually a certain kind of entropy increase. He very much suspected that magic power is the process of transferring energy from a higher level to the lower level of the astral world, and this process coincides with entropy increase and heat death.

"The more disordered, the greater the increase in entropy. We should promote order and achieve entropy reduction. Moreover, the final heat death of the entire star world is too far away, just like people will eventually die. Although it is real, it is also far away. We no need to worry.

I think what we wizards have to do now is to reduce the entropy of our wizarding world cluster as much as possible, and as an open system, we will continue to plunder resources from the outside and from other worlds. "

Blue's eyes were shining brightly, and he was talking eloquently at the highest council meeting in the central tower.

Thales also stood up and said loudly: "The entropy increase theorem proves one more thing. The star world is a dark forest. Every world civilization is trying to plunder the resources of the other to reduce the entropy of its own world and achieve order." Maximize, increase the entropy of other worlds, and meet the final destruction."