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Chapter 503 "Yongle Grand Ceremony". Present! ! ! (middle)

"...The excavator has dug to the top floor of the apse!"

Hear this sentence.

Inside the tent used as a temporary command point.

Everyone's communication suddenly fell silent.

Then Jiang Chenggu and Weng Tong looked at each other, Jiang Chenggu nodded towards Weng Tong, took a step forward, and asked the visitor:

"Xiao Lin, how is the excavation going? Has there been any damage to the top floor of the apse?"

The civil engineering man named Xiaolin shook his head quickly, and made a gesture with his hands in front of his chest, as if Xiongba was accumulating energy and releasing three points to return to his vitality:

"Director Jiang, don't worry, we have made an excavation plan in advance."

"The excavator stopped excavating when it was 40 centimeters away from the top floor of the apse, and the equipment did not touch the main body of the apse."

"A few minutes ago, we used drilling equipment to drill down very carefully, and finally confirmed that there is indeed an apse of the Nine Palaces below."

"Academician Zhang is now discussing the next step of the construction plan with several senior engineers. In about half an hour, we will start the next step of excavating the apse."

Jiang Chenggu then nodded lightly:

"So it is"

Although Jiang Chenggu came from the GWY office, since he was selected as the commander-in-chief of the Yongling excavation project, he himself is not ignorant of archaeological engineering.

Actually.

Jiang Chenggu graduated from the Huaxia University of Mining and Technology. When he has enough qualifications in the general office in the future, most of his external units will be related to mining or various projects.

So he is very clear.

Although the Sany 205 is a medium-sized excavator, it has a large tonnage and is quite rough and cumbersome to operate.

But for those old drivers who can drive an excavator to light a lighter on an egg while ensuring that the egg does not break, it is not difficult to dig accurately to 40 cm above the apse.

After all, the national team is playing today.

Then Jiang Chenggu looked outside the tent and confirmed that many equipment in the foundation pit had indeed stopped working, so he said to Xiaolin:

"In this case, Xiao Lin, you lead the way, let's go to the scene to see."

Kobayashi straightened his expression:

"clear!"

Then under the leadership of Kobayashi.

A group of people quickly left the tent at the command point, walked forward for more than a hundred meters, and entered the foundation pit surrounded by baffles.

The size of the top of this foundation pit is about 60X60, with a total area of ​​about 3,000 square meters, slightly larger than half a football field.

The inside of the foundation pit is divided into two smaller layers, with a total depth of nearly 30 meters—in fact, the pit was originally divided into four layers, but two of them were expanded after the equipment entered the next layer, and only the support remained , Partition and water-stop curtain.

There are two ways to go down the foundation pit, one is to go down through the side slope, which is also the upper and lower passages of engineering equipment.

The other is to take a simple elevator, which is the kind of big iron frame that leaks everywhere but is extremely sturdy.

Xu Yun and the others naturally chose the latter.

After entering the elevator in batches, everyone went down to the bottom of the pit smoothly.

The area of ​​the bottom of the pit is about 400 square meters, which is much larger than Xu Yun expected. The soil on the ground is mostly dark red and looks a little damp.

Just got off the elevator.

Everyone saw Zhang Ziang wearing a hard hat not far away, discussing with several men who looked like engineers standing on the ground.

I don't know if it's due to the habits of the civil engineer, but the body movements of several people are very rich, and they seem to be talking.

Some of them sometimes flattened their palms in a swooping posture, and sometimes raised their hands high and spread their five fingers outstretched, as if wanting to hit the ground.

Occasionally, some people knelt down and grabbed a handful of soil, holding it in their hands and saying something.

It is clear.

They are discussing the next plan.

"Academician Zhang!"

Jiang Chenggu led the crowd forward quickly, first nodded to several engineers who had been in contact with them these days, then looked at Zhang Ziang, and asked:

"Academician Zhang, has the excavation plan for the next stage been finalized?"

Zhang Ziang nodded, stretched out his hand, pointed to another rectangular area surrounded by the cordon and said:

"Director Jiang, look."

"Below that area is the apse of the underground palace, which is the secret room where Emperor Jiajing and the three empresses placed their coffins. The cordon is based on the layout of the apse."

"Our follow-up plan is like this - first use manual means and hydraulic picks to assist, remove all the soil layers above the apse dungeon, and determine the location of the entire apse in the real environment."

"In addition, while processing the upper soil layer, the construction team continued to dig and clean the left, right and rear sides of the apse."

"After excavating the outer wall of the main body on all three sides, start drilling to pump water, and pump out the accumulated water in the apse as soon as possible."

When saying this.

Zhang Ziang also stepped on the soil under his feet in cooperation.

For students who have no intuitive understanding of Zhang Ziang's description, you can imagine a word in your mind:

concave.

The shape of the word [concave] is almost the top view of the foundation pit.

The left, bottom, and right of the top view are the left, right, and rear sides mentioned by Zhang Ziang, and the upper part missing a horizontal line is the gate of the apse.

Zhang Ziang's plan is to dig down from the left, right, and back areas of the apse, and finally expose the upper, left, right, and back sides of the apse.

If you still can't understand this, you can also try to recall the beds you sleep in.

The head of the bed leaning against the wall is the entrance of the apse, and the upper, left, right, and rear directions that are in contact with the air are the four sides of the apse.

It's just that only the surface of the bed is exposed to the air right now, what Zhang Ziang has to do is to dig out the other three sides.

Then Zhang Ziang paused, and after Xu Yun and others understood the diagram, he continued:

"After the four sides have been cleaned and the accumulated water in the tomb has been evacuated, we will carry out the final cutting and lifting."

"At this point, Director Jiang, old man, technical means need your preparation and support."

Jiang Chenggu and Weng Tong Qiqi nodded:

"no problem."

As one of the important participants in the project, they knew exactly what the technical means Zhang Ziang mentioned was the protection of cultural relics in the apse.

To be precise it should be.

The protection of cultural relics and remains in the four imperial coffins.

After all, it is different from the integrated copper hall where "Yongle Dadian" is stored.

Although the walls, floors, and ceilings of the apse are all made of 'tiles' made of marble, they look much stronger than ordinary soil layers.

But they are not cast in one piece after all.

Coupled with hundreds of years of water immersion, no one knows whether the apse will suddenly collapse during the lifting process-this probability is not high, but it is not zero.

So out of safety considerations.

Weng Tong and the others arranged a series of emergency measures in advance, in order to prevent the emperor's coffin from being weathered or damaged after a small probability event happened.

After all, those who engage in archaeology are old and steady.

all in all.

After determining the plan.

Zhang Ziang led the construction team to get busy.

be honest.

The soil of 40 cm is definitely not thick if it is said to be thick.

In daily life, the height of a 24-inch monitor is almost 30 centimeters, and 40 centimeters is at most the size of a bottle of Coca-Cola above the monitor.

But if you want to talk about how thin it is, that’s not enough. Digging a hole is not as easy as many people think—even if there are not many stones in the soil layer.

Therefore, in this link, the first thing to play is not a shovel, but a small hydraulic pick.

beep beep——

I saw seven or eight civil engineers holding a hydraulic pick vehicle similar to a tiller, loosening the soil on the ground like a plow.

These old brothers also carried a small bucket similar to a pesticide box on their backs. There was a tube in the bucket connected to the hydraulic pick. The two seemed to be a module.

See this situation.

A trace of curiosity appeared in Xu Yun's eyes, and he asked Weng Tong:

"Uncle Weng, what are the buckets behind those operators for?"

Weng Tong followed Xu Yun's direction for a few glances, and said simply:

"It's a blend of anionic polyacrylamide and polyoxyethylene anhydrous polyalcohol stearate."

"Polyacrylamide?"

Xu Yun didn't understand clearly. Or he didn't understand the substance Weng Tong said in the second half of the sentence, but he knew about polyacrylamide:

"You mean soil scarifier?"

Weng Tong nodded, thought for a while, and explained:

"It can be regarded as the category of soil loosening agent, but it is much more efficient than agricultural use. It is a liquid phase agent specially developed for archaeological excavation."

"This liquid phase agent has strong penetration ability, and the soil loosening efficiency is about 1.5m/15g/6.8min."

"At present, domestic relics, especially stone relics, can often be seen in the development process, but places like Sanxingdui still don't allow it to enter - after all, there are too many cultural relics in the soil layer."

Only then did Xu Yun understand.

Perhaps this is the industry barrier.

Things that Weng Tong took for granted seemed strange to a layman like Xu Yun.

About twenty minutes passed.

The soil layer has been loosened.

And at this point, it's time for the artificial team to debut.

Since this link was not difficult, even Xu Yun, Academician Pan, and Lu Chaoyang, who had little experience in civil engineering, were allowed to carry a shovel on their shoulders and perform a shovel dance class.

Xu Yun also drank three bowls of water while digging the ground, so this should be considered as three bowls of daily plowing, right?

that's all.

With the passage of time, thanks to the efforts of hundreds of people on the construction site, the four sides of the apse gradually revealed their true appearance.

Four hours later.

A longitudinal milling machine came to the 'neck' of the apse.

The wheels of the milling and digging arm are covered with irregular nails, a bit like a twisted mace, which looks extremely hideous.

Of course.

It is not difficult to see from this rough painting style that this equipment cannot be used to cut marble passages-even though the marble passages are also one meter thick.

This longitudinal milling machine is mainly used to correct the soil layer above the cutting area, so that the subsequent "guillotine" for cutting the head can play a better role.

at the same time.

The left, right and rear sides of the apse are also drilled with holes.

Then three thick black pipes were connected into the three drilled holes.

after awhile.

With the action of the air pump, water gushes out of the borehole quickly.

With the help of pressure equipment, the stagnant water was sent to the ground, and after passing through the filter screen to prevent cultural relics from being sucked by mistake, it was drained into a pre-excavated pond.

After being purified, the stagnant water will be discharged into a nearby river.

Students who have watched the video of Huanong Brothers should know it.

Don't look at the water pump, it seems to produce a lot of water, and the gurgling is powerful.

But if you want to pump clean water from an ordinary fish pond, it will take at least several hours or even half a day.

The apse of Yongling Mausoleum is, in a sense, a large fish pond seven meters deep.

Therefore, although the apse pumped up the water, although the formation was huge, it really took a lot of time.

According to Weng Tong's introduction.

The case of pumping water closest to the scale of the apse in the history of archaeology should be the tomb of King Liangzhuang.

In April 2001, the Jingmen archaeological team conducted archaeological excavations on the tomb of King Liangzhuang located in Dahong Village, Changtan Town.

Liang Zhuang Wang is the grandson of Ming Chengzu Zhu Di. He was born in 1411 and was named Liang Wang at the age of 14.

Feng Guo was in Anlu Prefecture, Huguang at that time, and took office at the age of 18.

He died of illness at the age of 30 and was given the posthumous title of King Zhuang.

Because he had no son, he was granted the kingdom after his death and was expelled.

In addition to the early death of Liangzhuang King, his mausoleum is also very special-not only does his tomb have no drainage system, but it was built where groundwater can be seen.

The rumors of later generations are to express the idea of ​​"not giving up until the end of the world", but whether it is true or not, only the classmates who were King Liangzhuang in the previous life know.

When the archaeological team opened the underground palace, the water in the tomb was as deep as 3 meters, half shallower than the seven meters in the apse of the Jiajing underground palace.

However, the underground palace of King Liangzhuang occupies more than twice the area of ​​the apse, so the volume of water in the tomb is about the same.

At that time, the archaeological team took 10 days to drain the accumulated water, and then got a huge harvest in the tomb:

There are more than 5340 pieces of funerary vessels, the amount of gold used reaches 16kg, the amount of silver used reaches 13kg, and the amount of jade used reaches 14kg.

However, the archaeological team used only one water pump at that time, and the power was also different from what Zhang Ziang and the others were currently equipped with.

Therefore, although the pumping of the Jiajing Houdian was difficult, the time did not last as long as ten days.

Stay until the next morning.

All the stagnant water in the apse was pumped out.

Along with the stagnant water, there were also three small lampstands, which seemed to be corroded ornaments that had been soaked in the stagnant water for a long time.

About an hour after the stagnant water is pumped out.

The longitudinal milling machine also just optimizes the soil layer at the 'neck' to the best mechanism.

"."

See this situation.

In the open space on the right side of the apse.

Zhang Ziang, who had been waiting here for a long time, glanced at a middle-aged man with an ordinary face beside him, and politely greeted him:

"Master Huang, I'll leave it to you next."

Master Huang didn't seem to be good at talking. Hearing this, he just nodded dully, then walked to an operating table and sat on it.

He quickly clicked on the console for a while, and entered some instructions.

Not for a moment.

Sigh.

A mechanical arm suddenly protruded from a black square device placed on the top of the apse with a length, width and height of about two meters.

This robotic arm is about ten centimeters thick and is also black. It looks like a cylinder, thick at the back and thin at the front.

I saw the mechanical arm moving slowly, and finally stretched to the edge of the soil dug by the longitudinal milling machine.

Then soon.

The closed metal seal at the front popped open to the sides with a "click", and a device that looked like a spinning top with a long metal strip that looked like a cigarette stuck out slowly.

After a while.

Following Master Huang's pressing of a certain key.

In the long strip below the gyroscope device, a section suddenly spewed out.

water column.

Normally.

Even if the water from the high-pressure water gun hits the marble structure of the apse, it is difficult to damage the marble.

Surprisingly though.

After this tiny water column hit the marble 'neck' of the apse.

It turned out to be like a kitchen knife cutting tofu, easily cutting a deep slit in the marble!

See this situation.

Whether it was Xu Yun, Zhang Ziang, or Weng Tong, everyone's expression was very calm.

After all, this is an ultra-high pressure water jet.

Ultra-high pressure water jet, referred to as water jet, also known as water cutting.

It is mainly composed of a high-pressure pump, a CNC machining platform and a jet cutting head, among which the high-pressure pump is the main part that pressurizes the water flow.

Ordinary water can be pressurized to 4000bar after passing through a high-pressure pump, and then sprayed through a small nozzle made of ruby ​​​​or sapphire embedded in a metal material.

Then add garnet or corundum as abrasives, and the speed of the 'water jet' mixed can even reach 6 to 8 times the speed of sound.

This kind of pressure water jet can easily cut all kinds of stone or steel plate, which is a common processing method in industrial production.

But in general.

The common scenario of waterjet processing is mainly used for the processing of fine materials, which is commonly known as indoor small piece production.

But not commonly used does not mean that it cannot be used. In 2019, China Construction Seventh Engineering Bureau has produced water jet equipment for outdoor construction scenarios.

The standard depth of indoor water cutting is generally between 15-20 cm, some can reach 30 cm, and it can be increased to 60 cm in a short period of time without considering the cost of wear.

The water jet set of China Construction Seventh Engineering Bureau has been optimized by the Engineering Institute, and the maximum range limits the situation where the water column will diverge when the distance increases, and the effective cutting depth can reach 1.5 meters. Although there is no evidence, Xu Yun believes that the Chinese The urine of Jianqi Bureau, the actual maximum cutting depth of this thing should be able to reach more than two meters

Although the depth of 1.5 meters cannot completely cut the apse, it can cover the uppermost area of ​​the apse.

If ordinary circular saws or frame saws are used in this part of the area, it is easy for the marble to crack due to the resonance of the linear expansion coefficient.

After all, there are many marble mineral particles, and the door panel in the apse has been soaked in water for so long, who knows how much it has changed.

Just like chopping vegetables in daily life, the first cut is the most important.

Twenty minutes later.

Waterjet cutting is complete.

At this point, the rest is very simple.

Zhang Ziang quickly sent someone to remove the water jet equipment and replaced it with a steel grit saw.

The steel grit saw is a typical representative of the frame saw, and the other is the diamond saw.

Compared with diamond saws, steel grit saws are more efficient and can cut large boards.

However, its disadvantage is that the loss is high, and emery and lime are needed to be added during cutting, and the pollution is relatively large.

But fortunately, there are no environmental protection girls around today, no one will babble about how dare you

More than an hour passed.

The diamond saw is cut.

The entire apse has completely turned into a 'sugar cube' that can be moved at any time.

Then Zhang Ziang glanced at the top of the foundation pit, adjusted his glasses, and asked the assistant:

"Xiao Lin, has the load-bearing board been arranged?"

Kobayashi, who seems to be in his fifties, nodded quickly:

"Report, the bearing plate has been placed!"

"Has the moment coefficient been checked?"

"It has been proofread three times. This is the proofreading responsibility statement, and the responsible person has signed it!"

"What about the anchor?"

"It's okay."

Seeing this, Zhang Ziang took a deep breath, and ordered:

"In this case, ZAT18000H listens!"

"three"

"two"

"one"

"Start lifting!"

Note:

Achalasia of the esophageal cardia, non-atrophic gastritis and erosion of the stomach, are not particularly serious but troublesome diseases.

Do a 24-hour electrocardiogram tonight, and ask for leave tomorrow—I know what you want to say, but even if you ask for leave, you only need to update 6800 a day. Who told me that I worked ten days before this month?