The Science Fiction World of Xueba

Pang Xuelin quietly entered Xu Baiqing's office.

Xu Baiqing was wearing reading glasses and was writing something at his desk.

Pang Xuelin coughed dryly twice.

Only then did Xu Baiqing raise his head, saw that it was Pang Xuelin, and immediately smiled and said, "You little guy, I'm finally willing to come back. I haven't seen you staying at school for one more day after school starts. You won't leave this time!"

Pang Xuelin laughed and said: "This time I will stay until the winter vacation, and I will not leave within the year!"

Xu Baiqing knew that Pang Xuelin's subtext was that he had to leave next year, so he couldn't help but sighed and said, "You see how good the style of study in our school is, just because you became famous, and now many students discuss your entrepreneurial history every day, wishing I could become You are like this."

Pang Xuelin laughed and said, "Old man, you can't blame me for this. You see, I didn't steal or rob. The start-up capital was earned by working hard for Huawei, and the research and development of CVD is not an easy task. , Just a video decoding chip, I'm not boasting, at present, no one in China can make it except me."

Of course Xu Baiqing knew the truth of this, and said: "Don't tell me about this, you talk to those students in school, it happens that you are back, I will make arrangements in two days, you will give two reports at school, Now you can be regarded as a role model for the students of Lanzhou University, and this cannot be evaded."

Pang Xuelin had no choice but to agree, dumbfounded.

After pondering for a moment, Pang Xuelin said again: "Old man, I came back this time because I want to ask the school for help."

"What's up?"

Xu Baiqing looked up at Pang Xuelin and said.

Pang Xuelin said: "I want to engage in integrated circuits, but there are not many talent pools in this area in China. I hope you can introduce them to me."

"Engage in integrated circuits?"

Xu Baiqing couldn't help but widen his eyes.

China's integrated circuit industry, let alone this era, lags far behind Western countries even in the real world.

Of course, in the real world, Pang Xuelin has already found a path for overtaking on curves.

In the Qiantang Laboratory, Li Changqing is leading the team to develop carbon nanotube chips, and has achieved considerable results.

But in this world,

The research on carbon nanomaterials has just emerged, and there are many basic problems to be solved. Therefore, Pang Xuelin can only start with silicon-based chips, and defeat the Western countries with dignity.

In fact, from a historical point of view, the development of China's integrated circuit industry is not too late.

In 1947, Bell Laboratories in the United States invented the semiconductor point-contact transistor, and in 1949 developed the germanium alloy transistor.

The Institute of Applied Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences also developed a germanium alloy transistor in 1956.

In 1954, the United States developed a silicon alloy transistor.

China's Beijing Electronic Tube Factory also developed a silicon alloy transistor in 1958.

Just in 1958, Texas Instruments and Fairchild developed semiconductor monolithic integrated circuits respectively. In 1959, the United States invented planar lithography technology and successfully developed planar diffused transistors. In 1960, the United States adopted planar technology to develop integrated circuits, and since then embarked on the road of mass production.

The Institute of Semiconductors of the Chinese Academy of Sciences also developed a planar tube in 1963, and many units are also developing planar tubes. Immediately afterwards, a number of research institutes in China developed integrated circuits in 1965, including the Institute of Semiconductors of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Hebei Institute of Semiconductors (referred to as 13), and the Beijing Institute of Radio Technology (referred to as Shahe Device Institute), etc. In December 1965, the 13th Institute first identified a DTL digital circuit using dielectric isolation at the product appraisal meeting.

After the research unit, the factory also develops its own integrated circuits based on the production of planar transistors. In the north is the Beijing Electronic Tube Factory (774 Factory), and in the south is the Shanghai Component Factory No. 5. The latter held a product appraisal meeting at the end of 1966 and identified a TTL-type digital circuit using the internationally accepted PN junction isolation technology.

It can be seen from this that in the 1950s and 1960s, in the initial stage of semiconductor transistors and integrated circuits, China was only 4 to 7 years away from the United States, and the difference was not very far.

However, due to well-known reasons, in the 1970s, the gap in the development of the integrated circuit industry between China and the United States began to widen.

Throughout the 1970s, China could only self-reliantly produce various small-scale integrated circuits (including digital circuits and linear circuits) for various industrial departments and research institutes of the Academy of Sciences to develop and produce various electronic complete machines, including industrial applications and national defense industries. need.

It was not until 1978 that Shanghai's 878 factory built China's first 2-inch line, 12 years behind the world. In 1980, China's first 3-inch line was built, 8 years behind the world.

In the field of computer chips, China made a strategic mistake. It did not list computer chips for development separately, but regarded them as an ordinary link in the entire computer industry chain.

That is, every time a computer is developed, China will simultaneously develop a chip to match it.

In this way, on the one hand, it caused a great waste of research and development resources; on the other hand, due to the low output of computers in that era, the demand for chips was limited, which dragged down the development of the entire integrated circuit industry.

In the 1980s, China began to shift from self-reliance to technology introduction.

However, neither the 742 factory nor the later Huayue Company developed successfully.

At the end of the 1980s, China Electronics News set up a column to discuss: Where does China's integrated circuits go?

After extensive articles and discussions by experts, professors and government officials, China's integrated circuit industry began to move towards Sino-foreign joint ventures, so there were 908 projects and 909 projects.

In February 1990, the Ministry of Machinery and Electronics Industry mobilized personnel from various units to compile proposal materials for the 1-micron integrated circuit project. The project was approved in August of that year and named "Project 908".

The 908 project was undertaken by the newly established Huajing Group Company.

However, due to the approval of the project and the availability of funds, it was not completed until the end of 1997, which lasted for 8 years.

Huajing Corporation imported a 6-inch chip production line from Lucent Corporation of the United States, and circulated two products with 0.9 micron CMOS technology. It was not until January 1998 that it passed the acceptance of foreign contracts, 13 years behind the United States.

The 909 project was proposed by the Ministry of Electronics Industry in 1995, planning to invest 10 billion yuan to build a large production line for 8-inch 0.5-micron chips.

A joint venture between Hua Hong Microelectronics and NEC, the VLSI chip production line of Project 909 was completed and put into production on February 23, 1999. This is China's first 8-inch chip production line, 11 years behind the world.

...

In essence, the reason why these attempts are unsuccessful has a lot to do with the high capital, high technology, and high talent threshold of the integrated circuit industry.

Especially in the era when China's economy was still underdeveloped, it was basically impossible to do big things with a small amount of money.

Although Xu Baiqing is not engaged in semiconductors, as a condensed matter physicist, he is well aware of the current difficulties of China's integrated circuit industry.

Among other things, at present, there are not many colleges and universities offering microelectronics majors in China, and there are only two to three hundred graduates every year, including those who choose to go abroad.

With such a weak talent pool, how can China's integrated circuit industry develop?

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